Microsoft SQL Server 2005 使用保留关键字来定义、操作或访问数据库。保留关键字是 SQL Server 使用的 Transact-SQL 语言语法的一部分,用于分析和理解 Transact-SQL 语句和批处理。尽管在 Transact-SQL 脚本中使用 SQL Server 保留关键字作为标识符和对象名在语法上是可行的,但规定只能使用分隔标识符。
下表列出了 SQL Server 保留关键字。
ADD | EXCEPT | PERCENT |
ALL | EXEC | PLAN |
ALTER | EXECUTE | PRECISION |
AND | EXISTS | PRIMARY |
ANY | EXIT | |
AS | FETCH | PROC |
ASC | FILE | PROCEDURE |
AUTHORIZATION | FILLFACTOR | PUBLIC |
BACKUP | FOR | RAISERROR |
BEGIN | FOREIGN | READ |
BETWEEN | FREETEXT | READTEXT |
BREAK | FREETEXTTABLE | RECONFIGURE |
BROWSE | FROM | REFERENCES |
BULK | FULL | REPLICATION |
BY | FUNCTION | RESTORE |
CASCADE | GOTO | RESTRICT |
CASE | GRANT | RETURN |
CHECK | GROUP | REVOKE |
CHECKPOINT | HAVING | RIGHT |
CLOSE | HOLDLOCK | ROLLBACK |
CLUSTERED | IDENTITY | ROWCOUNT |
COALESCE | IDENTITY_INSERT | ROWGUIDCOL |
COLLATE | IDENTITYCOL | RULE |
COLUMN | IF | SAVE |
COMMIT | IN | SCHEMA |
COMPUTE | INDEX | SELECT |
CONSTRAINT | INNER | SESSION_USER |
CONTAINS | INSERT | SET |
CONTAINSTABLE | INTERSECT | SETUSER |
CONTINUE | INTO | SHUTDOWN |
CONVERT | IS | SOME |
CREATE | JOIN | STATISTICS |
CROSS | KEY | SYSTEM_USER |
CURRENT | KILL | TABLE |
CURRENT_DATE | LEFT | TEXTSIZE |
CURRENT_TIME | LIKE | THEN |
CURRENT_TIMESTAMP | LINENO | TO |
CURRENT_USER | LOAD | TOP |
CURSOR | NATIONAL | TRAN |
DATABASE | NOCHECK | TRANSACTION |
DBCC | NONCLUSTERED | TRIGGER |
DEALLOCATE | NOT | TRUNCATE |
DECLARE | NULL | TSEQUAL |
DEFAULT | NULLIF | UNION |
DELETE | OF | UNIQUE |
DENY | OFF | UPDATE |
DESC | OFFSETS | UPDATETEXT |
DISK | ON | USE |
DISTINCT | OPEN | USER |
DISTRIBUTED | OPENDATASOURCE | VALUES |
DOUBLE | OPENQUERY | VARYING |
DROP | OPENROWSET | VIEW |
DUMMY | OPENXML | WAITFOR |
DUMP | OPTION | WHEN |
ELSE | OR | WHERE |
END | ORDER | WHILE |
ERRLVL | OUTER | WITH |
ESCAPE | OVER | WRITETEXT |
另外,SQL-2003 标准还定义了保留关键字列表。不要使用 SQL-2003 保留关键字作为对象名和标识符。ODBC 保留关键字列表(如下表所示)与 SQL-2003 保留关键字列表相同。
注意: |
SQL-2003 保留关键字列表有时可能比 SQL Server 限制更多,有时则限制更少。例如,SQL-2003 保留关键字列表包含 INT,而 SQL Server 不需要将其区分为保留关键字。 |
Transact-SQL 保留关键字可用作数据库或数据库对象(如表、列、视图等)的标识符或名称。使用带引号的标识符或分隔标识符。不限制将保留关键字用作变量和存储过程参数的名称。有关详细信息,请参阅使用标识符作为对象名称。
ODBC 保留关键字
保留了下列关键字以用于 ODBC 函数调用。这些关键字根本不约束 SQL 语法;然而,为确保与支持核心 SQL 语法的驱动程序兼容,应用程序应避免使用这些关键字。
下面是当前的 ODBC 保留关键字列表。
ABSOLUTE | EXEC | OVERLAPS |
ACTION | EXECUTE | PAD |
ADA | EXISTS | PARTIAL |
ADD | EXTERNAL | PASCAL |
ALL | EXTRACT | POSITION |
ALLOCATE | FALSE | PRECISION |
ALTER | FETCH | PREPARE |
AND | FIRST | PRESERVE |
ANY | FLOAT | PRIMARY |
ARE | FOR | PRIOR |
AS | FOREIGN | PRIVILEGES |
ASC | FORTRAN | PROCEDURE |
ASSERTION | FOUND | PUBLIC |
AT | FROM | READ |
AUTHORIZATION | FULL | REAL |
AVG | GET | REFERENCES |
BEGIN | GLOBAL | RELATIVE |
BETWEEN | GO | RESTRICT |
BIT | GOTO | REVOKE |
BIT_LENGTH | GRANT | RIGHT |
BOTH | GROUP | ROLLBACK |
BY | HAVING | ROWS |
CASCADE | HOUR | SCHEMA |
CASCADED | IDENTITY | SCROLL |
CASE | IMMEDIATE | SECOND |
CAST | IN | SECTION |
CATALOG | INCLUDE | SELECT |
CHAR | INDEX | SESSION |
CHAR_LENGTH | INDICATOR | SESSION_USER |
CHARACTER | INITIALLY | SET |
CHARACTER_LENGTH | INNER | SIZE |
CHECK | INPUT | SMALLINT |
CLOSE | INSENSITIVE | SOME |
COALESCE | INSERT | SPACE |
COLLATE | INT | SQL |
COLLATION | INTEGER | SQLCA |
COLUMN | INTERSECT | SQLCODE |
COMMIT | INTERVAL | SQLERROR |
CONNECT | INTO | SQLSTATE |
CONNECTION | IS | SQLWARNING |
CONSTRAINT | ISOLATION | SUBSTRING |
CONSTRAINTS | JOIN | SUM |
CONTINUE | KEY | SYSTEM_USER |
CONVERT | LANGUAGE | TABLE |
CORRESPONDING | LAST | TEMPORARY |
COUNT | LEADING | THEN |
CREATE | LEFT | TIME |
CROSS | LEVEL | TIMESTAMP |
CURRENT | LIKE | TIMEZONE_HOUR |
CURRENT_DATE | LOCAL | TIMEZONE_MINUTE |
CURRENT_TIME | LOWER | TO |
CURRENT_TIMESTAMP | MATCH | TRAILING |
CURRENT_USER | MAX | TRANSACTION |
CURSOR | MIN | TRANSLATE |
DATE | MINUTE | TRANSLATION |
DAY | MODULE | TRIM |
DEALLOCATE | MONTH | TRUE |
DEC | NAMES | UNION |
DECIMAL | NATIONAL | UNIQUE |
DECLARE | NATURAL | UNKNOWN |
DEFAULT | NCHAR | UPDATE |
DEFERRABLE | NEXT | UPPER |
DEFERRED | NO | USAGE |
DELETE | NONE | USER |
DESC | NOT | USING |
DESCRIBE | NULL | VALUE |
DESCRIPTOR | NULLIF | VALUES |
DIAGNOSTICS | NUMERIC | VARCHAR |
DISCONNECT | OCTET_LENGTH | VARYING |
DISTINCT | OF | VIEW |
DOMAIN | ON | WHEN |
DOUBLE | ONLY | WHENEVER |
DROP | OPEN | WHERE |
ELSE | OPTION | WITH |
END | OR | WORK |
END-EXEC | ORDER | WRITE |
ESCAPE | OUTER | YEAR |
EXCEPT | OUTPUT | ZONE |
EXCEPTION |
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将来的关键字
下列关键字可能会在将来的 SQL Server 版本中保留使用,作为将来要实现的新功能。注意,不要使用这些关键字作为标识符。
ABSOLUTE | FOUND | PREPARE |
ACTION | FREE | PRESERVE |
ADMIN | FULLTEXTTABLE | PRIOR |
AFTER | GENERAL | PRIVILEGES |
AGGREGATE | GET | READS |
ALIAS | GLOBAL | REAL |
ALLOCATE | GO | RECURSIVE |
ARE | GROUPING | REF |
ARRAY | HOST | REFERENCING |
ASSERTION | HOUR | RELATIVE |
AT | IGNORE | RESULT |
BEFORE | IMMEDIATE | RETURNS |
BINARY | INDICATOR | ROLE |
BIT | INITIALIZE | ROLLUP |
BLOB | INITIALLY | ROUTINE |
BOOLEAN | INOUT | ROW |
BOTH | INPUT | ROWS |
BREADTH | INT | SAVEPOINT |
CALL | INTEGER | SCROLL |
CASCADED | INTERVAL | SCOPE |
CAST | ISOLATION | SEARCH |
CATALOG | ITERATE | SECOND |
CHAR | LANGUAGE | SECTION |
CHARACTER | LARGE | SEQUENCE |
CLASS | LAST | SESSION |
CLOB | LATERAL | SETS |
COLLATION | LEADING | SIZE |
COMPLETION | LESS | SMALLINT |
CONNECT | LEVEL | SPACE |
CONNECTION | LIMIT | SPECIFIC |
CONSTRAINTS | LOCAL | SPECIFICTYPE |
CONSTRUCTOR | LOCALTIME | SQL |
CORRESPONDING | LOCALTIMESTAMP | SQLEXCEPTION |
CUBE | LOCATOR | SQLSTATE |
CURRENT_PATH | MAP | SQLWARNING |
CURRENT_ROLE | MATCH | START |
CYCLE | MINUTE | STATE |
DATA | MODIFIES | STATEMENT |
DATE | MODIFY | STATIC |
DAY | MODULE | STRUCTURE |
DEC | MONTH | TEMPORARY |
DECIMAL | NAMES | TERMINATE |
DEFERRABLE | NATURAL | THAN |
DEFERRED | NCHAR | TIME |
DEPTH | NCLOB | TIMESTAMP |
DEREF | NEW | TIMEZONE_HOUR |
DESCRIBE | NEXT | TIMEZONE_MINUTE |
DESCRIPTOR | NO | TRAILING |
DESTROY | NONE | TRANSLATION |
DESTRUCTOR | NUMERIC | TREAT |
DETERMINISTIC | OBJECT | TRUE |
DICTIONARY | OLD | UNDER |
DIAGNOSTICS | ONLY | UNKNOWN |
DISCONNECT | OPERATION | UNNEST |
DOMAIN | ORDINALITY | USAGE |
DYNAMIC | OUT | USING |
EACH | OUTPUT | VALUE |
END-EXEC | PAD | VARCHAR |
EQUALS | PARAMETER | VARIABLE |
EVERY | PARAMETERS | WHENEVER |
EXCEPTION | PARTIAL | WITHOUT |
EXTERNAL | PATH | WORK |
FALSE | POSTFIX | WRITE |
FIRST | PREFIX | YEAR |
FLOAT | PREORDER | ZONE |