kubernetes 源码分析之ingress（一）

kubernetes的服务对外暴露通常有三种方式分别为nodeport、loadbalancer和ingress。nodeport很容易理解就是在每个主机上面启动一个服务端口暴露出去，这样弊端是造成端口浪费；loadbalancer这种方式目前只能在gce的平台跑的很好，就是在集群之外对接云平台的负载均衡；还有从kubernetes1.2出来的ingress，他是通过在计算结算启动一个软负载均衡（Nginx、Haproxy）转发流量。
在第一篇我想先介绍安装使用。
先启动一个后端服务：

apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: default-http-backend
  labels:
    k8s-app: default-http-backend
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  replicas: 1
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: default-http-backend
    spec:
      terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 60
      nodeName: slave2
      containers:
      - name: default-http-backend
        image: gcr.io/google_containers/defaultbackend:1.0
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        livenessProbe:
          httpGet:
            path: /healthz
            port: 8080
            scheme: HTTP
          initialDelaySeconds: 30
          timeoutSeconds: 5
        ports:
        - containerPort: 8080
        resources:
          limits:
            cpu: 10m
            memory: 20Mi
          requests:
            cpu: 10m
            memory: 20Mi
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: default-http-backend
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    k8s-app: default-http-backend
spec:
  ports:
  - port: 80
    targetPort: 8080
  selector:
    k8s-app: default-http-backend

由于我机器有限，我就在指定的节点启动这个后端服务，这个服务启动80端口，提供默认的服务连接。验证一下：

curl  10.254.12.58:80
default backend - 404

然后ingress controller，它本质就是一个负载均衡配置器

apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: nginx-ingress-controller
  labels:
    k8s-app: nginx-ingress-controller
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  replicas: 1
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: nginx-ingress-controller
      annotations:
        prometheus.io/port: '10254'
        prometheus.io/scrape: 'true'
    spec:
      terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 60
      nodeName: slave1
      containers:
      - image: docker.io/chancefocus/nginx-ingress-controller
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        name: nginx-ingress-controller
        readinessProbe:
          httpGet:
            path: /healthz
            port: 10254
            scheme: HTTP
        livenessProbe:
          httpGet:
            path: /healthz
            port: 10254
            scheme: HTTP
          initialDelaySeconds: 10
          timeoutSeconds: 1
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80
          hostPort: 80
        - containerPort: 443
          hostPort: 443
        env:
          - name: POD_NAME
            valueFrom:
              fieldRef:
                fieldPath: metadata.name
          - name: POD_NAMESPACE
            valueFrom:
              fieldRef:
                fieldPath: metadata.namespace
        args:
        - /nginx-ingress-controller
        - --default-backend-service=kube-system/default-http-backend
        - --apiserver-host=http://10.39.0.6:8080

ingress-controller会同步k8s的资源修改负载均衡规则，然后就可以创建一个负载均衡规则了

apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: test
  namespace: kube-system
  annotations:
    ingress.kubernetes.io/force-ssl-redirect: "false"
    ingress.kubernetes.io/ssl-redirect: "false"
spec:
  rules:
  - http:
      paths:
      - path: /api
        backend:
          serviceName: heapster
          servicePort: 80

把/api的请求转发到heapster这个service里面。其中和http平级的还有一个参数
- host: xx.xxx.xxx，注明域名
下面是来自google的解说图片

下面就可以测试了：
首先确认服务是ok的，10.254.51.153是clusterIP，192.168.90.6是容器的IP

curl http://10.254.51.153/api/v1/model/namespaces/default/pods/busybox-1865195333-zkwtt/containers/busybox/metrics/cpu/usage
{
  "metrics": [
   {
    "timestamp": "2017-04-20T02:20:00Z",
    "value": 7412767
   },
   {
    "timestamp": "2017-04-20T02:21:00Z",
    "value": 7412767
   },
   {
    "timestamp": "2017-04-20T02:22:00Z",
    "value": 7412767
   }
  ],
  "latestTimestamp": "2017-04-20T02:22:00Z"
 }
 curl http://192.168.90.6:8082/api/v1/model/namespaces/default/pods/busybox-1865195333-zkwtt/containers/busybox/metrics/cpu/usage
{
  "metrics": [
   {
    "timestamp": "2017-04-20T02:44:00Z",
    "value": 8960064
   },
   {
    "timestamp": "2017-04-20T02:45:00Z",
    "value": 8960064
   },
   {
    "timestamp": "2017-04-20T02:46:00Z",
    "value": 8960064
   }
  ],
  "latestTimestamp": "2017-04-20T02:46:00Z"
 }

然后在任何一台机器上面的都可以通过slave1上面的80端口访问服务了

 curl http://10.39.0.17/api/v1/model/namespaces/default/pods/busybox-1865195333-zkwtt/containers/busybox/metrics/cpu/usage
{
  "metrics": [
   {
    "timestamp": "2017-04-20T02:42:00Z",
    "value": 8960064
   },
   {
    "timestamp": "2017-04-20T02:43:00Z",
    "value": 8960064
   }
  ],
  "latestTimestamp": "2017-04-20T02:43:00Z"
 }

这儿端口80就可以重用了。再进入容器看看，nginx.conf文件：

    upstream kube-system-heapster-80 {
        least_conn;
        server 192.168.90.6:8082 max_fails=0 fail_timeout=0;
    }
    upstream upstream-default-backend {
        least_conn;
        server 192.168.90.2:8080 max_fails=0 fail_timeout=0;
    }

location /api {
            set $proxy_upstream_name "kube-system-heapster-80";

location / {
            set $proxy_upstream_name "upstream-default-backend";

可以看到其实就是修改了Nginx的配置达到服务转发的效果。ok，基本按照使用已经了解了，其中有个细节就是为啥转发upstream是的容器地址而不是service的地址，有两个主要原因：第一，多次转发降低效率，第二，为了保持session，如果通过service会做轮训，无法保持session。接下来的blog将进行代码详细讲解。