C++ 可调用对象的总结

C++总共有5种可调用对象： 普通函数， 函数指针， lambda， 函数对象（仿函数）， bind创建的对象（主要将多元谓词降次）

具体代码如下：

#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include <functional>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
using namespace std::placeholders;//can't use std only

const int NUM = 40;
/*c++ has 5 kinds of callable objects*/
//1
auto f = [](int &a) { a = a * a; };//lambda

//2
void callable (int &a, int b)
{
	if (a * a < b)// if the square of a is less than b, then square it
	{
		a = a * a;
	}
};
// note: use fuctional header and placeholders namespace before bind
auto call = bind(callable, _1, NUM);//bind

//3
void square(int &a)//ordinary function
{
	a = a * a;
}

//4
void(*p)(int &a) = square;//function pointer
auto p1 = □//we can use auto in a easy way: p1 == p

//5
//function object: class that overload the function-call operator
struct PrintInt//function-object or functor
{
	void operator()(int elem)
	{
		cout << elem << " ";
	}
};

int main()
{
	vector<int> v1{ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 };
	vector<int> v2{ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 };
	vector<int> v3{ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 };
	vector<int> v4{ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 };
	for_each(v1.begin(), v1.end(), f);
	for_each(v2.begin(), v2.end(), square);
	for_each(v3.begin(), v3.end(), p);
	//for_each(v3.begin(), v3.end(), p1);
	for_each(v4.begin(), v4.end(), call);
	for_each(v3.crbegin(), v3.crend(), [](int elem) { cout << elem << " "; });
	cout << endl;
	for_each(v3.cbegin(), v3.cend(), PrintInt());//don't lose "()"
	cout << endl;
	for_each(v4.cbegin(), v4.cend(), PrintInt());
	cout << endl;
	return 0;
}