Spring MVC 之@RequestBody,@ResponseBody详解

简介:

@RequestBody

作用:

      i) 该注解用于读取Request请求的body部分数据,使用系统默认配置的HttpMessageConverter进行解析,然后把相应的数据绑定到要返回的对象上;

      ii) 再把HttpMessageConverter返回的对象数据绑定到 controller中方法的参数上。

使用时机:

A) GET、POST方式提时, 根据request header Content-Type的值来判断:

  •     application/x-www-form-urlencoded, 可选(即非必须,因为这种情况的数据@RequestParam, @ModelAttribute也可以处理,当然@RequestBody也能处理);
  •     multipart/form-data, 不能处理(即使用@RequestBody不能处理这种格式的数据);
  •     其他格式, 必须(其他格式包括application/json, application/xml等。这些格式的数据,必须使用@RequestBody来处理);

B) PUT方式提交时, 根据request header Content-Type的值来判断:

  •     application/x-www-form-urlencoded, 必须;
  •     multipart/form-data, 不能处理;
  •     其他格式, 必须;
说明:request的body部分的数据编码格式由header部分的Content-Type指定;

@ResponseBody

作用:

      该注解用于将Controller的方法返回的对象,通过适当的HttpMessageConverter转换为指定格式后,写入到Response对象的body数据区。

使用时机:

      返回的数据不是html标签的页面,而是其他某种格式的数据时(如json、xml等)使用;


HttpMessageConverter

* Strategy interface that specifies a converter that can convert from and to HTTP requests and responses. 
 * 
 * @author Arjen Poutsma 
 * @author Juergen Hoeller 
 * @since 3.0 
 */  
public interface HttpMessageConverter<T> {  
  
    /** 
     * Indicates whether the given class can be read by this converter. 
     * @param clazz the class to test for readability 
     * @param mediaType the media type to read, can be {@code null} if not specified. 
     * Typically the value of a {@code Content-Type} header. 
     * @return {@code true} if readable; {@code false} otherwise 
     */  
    boolean canRead(Class<?> clazz, MediaType mediaType);  
  
    /** 
     * Indicates whether the given class can be written by this converter. 
     * @param clazz the class to test for writability 
     * @param mediaType the media type to write, can be {@code null} if not specified. 
     * Typically the value of an {@code Accept} header. 
     * @return {@code true} if writable; {@code false} otherwise 
     */  
    boolean canWrite(Class<?> clazz, MediaType mediaType);  
  
    /** 
     * Return the list of {@link MediaType} objects supported by this converter. 
     * @return the list of supported media types 
     */  
    List<MediaType> getSupportedMediaTypes();  
  
    /** 
     * Read an object of the given type form the given input message, and returns it. 
     * @param clazz the type of object to return. This type must have previously been passed to the 
     * {@link #canRead canRead} method of this interface, which must have returned {@code true}. 
     * @param inputMessage the HTTP input message to read from 
     * @return the converted object 
     * @throws IOException in case of I/O errors 
     * @throws HttpMessageNotReadableException in case of conversion errors 
     */  
    T read(Class<? extends T> clazz, HttpInputMessage inputMessage)  
            throws IOException, HttpMessageNotReadableException;  
  
    /** 
     * Write an given object to the given output message. 
     * @param t the object to write to the output message. The type of this object must have previously been 
     * passed to the {@link #canWrite canWrite} method of this interface, which must have returned {@code true}. 
     * @param contentType the content type to use when writing. May be {@code null} to indicate that the 
     * default content type of the converter must be used. If not {@code null}, this media type must have 
     * previously been passed to the {@link #canWrite canWrite} method of this interface, which must have 
     * returned {@code true}. 
     * @param outputMessage the message to write to 
     * @throws IOException in case of I/O errors 
     * @throws HttpMessageNotWritableException in case of conversion errors 
     */  
    void write(T t, MediaType contentType, HttpOutputMessage outputMessage)  
            throws IOException, HttpMessageNotWritableException;  
  
}  

该接口定义了四个方法,分别是读取数据时的 canRead(), read() 和 写入数据时的canWrite(), write()方法。

在使用 <mvc:annotation-driven />标签配置时,默认配置了RequestMappingHandlerAdapter(注意是RequestMappingHandlerAdapter不是AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter,详情查看Spring 3.1 document “16.14 Configuring Spring MVC”章节),并为他配置了一下默认的HttpMessageConverter:

  1. ByteArrayHttpMessageConverter converts byte arrays.  
  2.   
  3. StringHttpMessageConverter converts strings.  
  4.   
  5. ResourceHttpMessageConverter converts to/from org.springframework.core.io.Resource for all media types.  
  6.   
  7. SourceHttpMessageConverter converts to/from a javax.xml.transform.Source.  
  8.   
  9. FormHttpMessageConverter converts form data to/from a MultiValueMap<String, String>.  
  10.   
  11. Jaxb2RootElementHttpMessageConverter converts Java objects to/from XML — added if JAXB2 is present on the classpath.  
  12.   
  13. MappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter converts to/from JSON — added if Jackson is present on the classpath.  
  14.   
  15. AtomFeedHttpMessageConverter converts Atom feeds — added if Rome is present on the classpath.  
  16.   
  17. RssChannelHttpMessageConverter converts RSS feeds — added if Rome is present on the classpath. 

ByteArrayHttpMessageConverter: 负责读取二进制格式的数据和写出二进制格式的数据;

StringHttpMessageConverter:   负责读取字符串格式的数据和写出二进制格式的数据;


ResourceHttpMessageConverter:负责读取资源文件和写出资源文件数据; 

FormHttpMessageConverter:       负责读取form提交的数据(能读取的数据格式为 application/x-www-form-urlencoded,不能读取multipart/form-data格式数据);负责写入application/x-www-from-urlencoded和multipart/form-data格式的数据;


MappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter:  负责读取和写入json格式的数据;


SouceHttpMessageConverter:                   负责读取和写入 xml 中javax.xml.transform.Source定义的数据;

Jaxb2RootElementHttpMessageConverter:  负责读取和写入xml 标签格式的数据;


AtomFeedHttpMessageConverter:              负责读取和写入Atom格式的数据;

RssChannelHttpMessageConverter:           负责读取和写入RSS格式的数据;


当使用@RequestBody和@ResponseBody注解时,RequestMappingHandlerAdapter就使用它们来进行读取或者写入相应格式的数据。


HttpMessageConverter匹配过程:

@RequestBody注解时: 根据Request对象header部分的Content-Type类型,逐一匹配合适的HttpMessageConverter来读取数据;

spring 3.1源代码如下:

private Object readWithMessageConverters(MethodParameter methodParam, HttpInputMessage inputMessage, Class paramType)  
            throws Exception {  
  
        MediaType contentType = inputMessage.getHeaders().getContentType();  
        if (contentType == null) {  
            StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder(ClassUtils.getShortName(methodParam.getParameterType()));  
            String paramName = methodParam.getParameterName();  
            if (paramName != null) {  
                builder.append(' ');  
                builder.append(paramName);  
            }  
            throw new HttpMediaTypeNotSupportedException(  
                    "Cannot extract parameter (" + builder.toString() + "): no Content-Type found");  
        }  
  
        List<MediaType> allSupportedMediaTypes = new ArrayList<MediaType>();  
        if (this.messageConverters != null) {  
            for (HttpMessageConverter<?> messageConverter : this.messageConverters) {  
                allSupportedMediaTypes.addAll(messageConverter.getSupportedMediaTypes());  
                if (messageConverter.canRead(paramType, contentType)) {  
                    if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {  
                        logger.debug("Reading [" + paramType.getName() + "] as \"" + contentType  
                                +"\" using [" + messageConverter + "]");  
                    }  
                    return messageConverter.read(paramType, inputMessage);  
                }  
            }  
        }  
        throw new HttpMediaTypeNotSupportedException(contentType, allSupportedMediaTypes);  
    }

@ResponseBody注解时: 根据Request对象header部分的Accept属性(逗号分隔),逐一按accept中的类型,去遍历找到能处理的HttpMessageConverter;

源代码如下:

private void writeWithMessageConverters(Object returnValue,  
                HttpInputMessage inputMessage, HttpOutputMessage outputMessage)  
                throws IOException, HttpMediaTypeNotAcceptableException {  
            List<MediaType> acceptedMediaTypes = inputMessage.getHeaders().getAccept();  
            if (acceptedMediaTypes.isEmpty()) {  
                acceptedMediaTypes = Collections.singletonList(MediaType.ALL);  
            }  
            MediaType.sortByQualityValue(acceptedMediaTypes);  
            Class<?> returnValueType = returnValue.getClass();  
            List<MediaType> allSupportedMediaTypes = new ArrayList<MediaType>();  
            if (getMessageConverters() != null) {  
                for (MediaType acceptedMediaType : acceptedMediaTypes) {  
                    for (HttpMessageConverter messageConverter : getMessageConverters()) {  
                        if (messageConverter.canWrite(returnValueType, acceptedMediaType)) {  
                            messageConverter.write(returnValue, acceptedMediaType, outputMessage);  
                            if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {  
                                MediaType contentType = outputMessage.getHeaders().getContentType();  
                                if (contentType == null) {  
                                    contentType = acceptedMediaType;  
                                }  
                                logger.debug("Written [" + returnValue + "] as \"" + contentType +  
                                        "\" using [" + messageConverter + "]");  
                            }  
                            this.responseArgumentUsed = true;  
                            return;  
                        }  
                    }  
                }  
                for (HttpMessageConverter messageConverter : messageConverters) {  
                    allSupportedMediaTypes.addAll(messageConverter.getSupportedMediaTypes());  
                }  
            }  
            throw new HttpMediaTypeNotAcceptableException(allSupportedMediaTypes);  
        }

补充:

MappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter 调用了 objectMapper.writeValue(OutputStream stream, Object)方法,使用@ResponseBody注解返回的对象就传入Object参数内。若返回的对象为已经格式化好的json串时,不使用@RequestBody注解,而应该这样处理:
1、response.setContentType("application/json; charset=UTF-8");
2、response.getWriter().print(jsonStr);
直接输出到body区,然后的视图为void。




  • 0
    点赞
  • 0
    收藏
    觉得还不错? 一键收藏
  • 0
    评论
@RequestBody和@ResponseBody都是Spring MVC框架中的注解,用于处理HTTP请求和响应的相关操作。 @RequestBody注解用于将HTTP请求的正文数据(即请求体)绑定到方法参数上。它可以将请求体中的数据以适当的方式转换为方法参数所需的对象。通常情况下,请求体的数据是以JSON或XML格式传输的,@RequestBody注解可以将其转换为Java对象,方便在方法中进行进一步的处理。例如,在一个登录的接口中,可以使用@RequestBody注解将请求体中的用户名和密码转换为一个User对象,方便进行后续的验证和处理。<span class="em">1</span><span class="em">2</span><span class="em">3</span> #### 引用[.reference_title] - *1* *3* [@RequestBody 和 @ResponseBody 详解](https://blog.csdn.net/demo_yo/article/details/125792965)[target="_blank" data-report-click={"spm":"1018.2226.3001.9630","extra":{"utm_source":"vip_chatgpt_common_search_pc_result","utm_medium":"distribute.pc_search_result.none-task-cask-2~all~insert_cask~default-1-null.142^v92^chatsearchT3_1"}}] [.reference_item style="max-width: 50%"] - *2* [@ResponseBody及@RequestBody作用简析](https://blog.csdn.net/SadsadAAA/article/details/121621651)[target="_blank" data-report-click={"spm":"1018.2226.3001.9630","extra":{"utm_source":"vip_chatgpt_common_search_pc_result","utm_medium":"distribute.pc_search_result.none-task-cask-2~all~insert_cask~default-1-null.142^v92^chatsearchT3_1"}}] [.reference_item style="max-width: 50%"] [ .reference_list ]
评论
添加红包

请填写红包祝福语或标题

红包个数最小为10个

红包金额最低5元

当前余额3.43前往充值 >
需支付:10.00
成就一亿技术人!
领取后你会自动成为博主和红包主的粉丝 规则
hope_wisdom
发出的红包
实付
使用余额支付
点击重新获取
扫码支付
钱包余额 0

抵扣说明:

1.余额是钱包充值的虚拟货币,按照1:1的比例进行支付金额的抵扣。
2.余额无法直接购买下载,可以购买VIP、付费专栏及课程。

余额充值