[Hadoop] 完全分布式集群安装过程详解

1.      用Vmware Workstation创建4个虚拟机，每个虚拟机都装上Centos（版本：CentOS-6.3-x86_64），示意图如下：

2.      在所有结点上修改/etc/hosts，使彼此之间都能够用机器名解析IP

192.168.231.131     node01
192.168.231.132     node02
192.168.231.133     node03
192.168.231.134     node04

3. 在所有结点上安装JDK

首先，把jdk安装包（jdk-6u38-linux-x64.bin）放到/usr/java

增加可执行权限：

[root@localhost java]# chmod a+xjdk-6u38-linux-x64.bin
[root@localhost java]# ls -lrt
total 70376
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 72058033 Jan 2907:21 jdk-6u38-linux-x64.bin

下面开始安装JDK：

[root@localhost java]# ./jdk-6u38-linux-x64.bin

更改/etc/profile，添加以下几行：

JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.6.0_38 
JRE_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.6.0_38/jre/ 
CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar 
PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$JRE_HOME/bin:$PATH 

然后测试是否安装成功：

[root@localhost java]# source /etc/profile
[root@localhost java]# java -version
java version "1.6.0_38"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build1.6.0_38-b05)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build20.13-b02, mixed mode)

4. 添加Hadoop用户

[root@node02 ~]# useradd hadoop 
[root@node02 ~]# passwd hadoop
Changing password for user hadoop.
New password:
BAD PASSWORD: it is too short
BAD PASSWORD: is too simple
Retype new password:
passwd: all authentication tokens updatedsuccessfully.

5. ssh 配置

注意：下面开始以hadoop用户操作

[hadoop@node01 ~]$ ssh-keygen -t rsa
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key(/home/hadoop/.ssh/id_rsa):
Created directory '/home/hadoop/.ssh'.
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /home/hadoop/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in/home/hadoop/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
1d:03:8c:2f:99:95:98:c1:3d:8b:21:61:3e:a9:cb:bfhadoop@node01
The key's randomart image is:
+--[ RSA 2048]----+
|   oo.B..       |
|  o..* *.       |
|   +. B oo      |
|   ..= o. o     |
| .    .S .      |
| . .             |
| o              |
|  .             |
|   E.           |
+-----------------+
[hadoop@node01 ~]$ cd .ssh
[hadoop@node01 .ssh]$ cp id_rsa.pubauthorized_keys

把所有结点的authorized_keys的内容都互相拷贝，这样就可以免密码ssh连入。

6. 安装Hadoop

Hadoop的安装很简单，直接解压缩即可：

[hadoop@node01 ~]$ ls
hadoop-0.20.2  hadoop-0.20.2.tar.gz
[hadoop@node01 ~]$ tar xzvf./hadoop-0.20.2.tar.gz

7. 配置namenode (node01)

修改hadoop-env.sh的JAVA_HOME，使其指向之前安装的java目录：

[hadoop@node01 conf]$ vi hadoop-env.sh
# The java implementation to use.  Required.
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.6.0_38

修改core-site.xml(设置namenode的主机和端口，以及设置hadoop临时文件目录）：

[hadoop@node01 conf]$ vi core-site.xml
<configuration>
<property>
<name>fs.default.name</name>
<value>hdfs://192.168.231.131:9000</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>hadoop.tmp.dir</name>
<value>/home/hadoop/tmp</value>
</property>
</configuration>

修改hdfs-site.xml：

[hadoop@node01 conf]$ vi hdfs-site.xml
<configuration>
<property>
<name>dfs.data.dir</name>
<value>/home/hadoop/hadoop-0.20.2/data</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>dfs.replication</name>
<value>3</value>
</property>
</configuration>

修改mapred-site.xml，设置jobtracter的主机和端口

[hadoop@node01 conf]$ vi mapred-site.xml <configuration>
<property>
<name>mapred.job.tracker</name>
<value>192.168.231.131:9001</value>
</property>
</configuration>

修改masters和slaves文件，记录集群中各个结点

[hadoop@node01 conf]$ vi masters
node01
[hadoop@node01 conf]$ vi slaves
node02
node03
node04

向其它3个结点复制hadoop

[hadoop@node01 ~]$ scp -r ./hadoop-0.20.2node02:/home/hadoop
[hadoop@node01 ~]$ scp -r ./hadoop-0.20.2node03:/home/hadoop
[hadoop@node01 ~]$ scp -r ./hadoop-0.20.2node04:/home/hadoop

8. 在各个结点上配置hadoop环境变量

[hadoop@node01 ~]$ su - root
Password:
[root@node01 ~]# vi /etc/profile
export HADOOP_INSTALL=/home/hadoop/hadoop-0.20.2
export PATH=$PATH:$HADOOP_INSTALL/bin

9. 格式化HDFS

[hadoop@node01 bin]$ ./hadoop namenode-format
13/01/30 00:59:04 INFO namenode.NameNode:STARTUP_MSG:
/************************************************************
STARTUP_MSG: Starting NameNode
STARTUP_MSG:   host = node01/192.168.231.131
STARTUP_MSG:   args = [-format]
STARTUP_MSG:   version = 0.20.2
STARTUP_MSG:   build =https://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/hadoop/common/branches/branch-0.20 -r 911707;compiled by 'chrisdo' on Fri Feb 19 08:07:34 UTC 2010
************************************************************/
13/01/30 00:59:04 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem:fsOwner=hadoop,root
13/01/30 00:59:04 INFOnamenode.FSNamesystem: supergroup=supergroup
13/01/30 00:59:04 INFOnamenode.FSNamesystem: isPermissionEnabled=true
13/01/30 00:59:04 INFO common.Storage:Image file of size 96 saved in 0 seconds.
13/01/30 00:59:04 INFO common.Storage:Storage directory /tmp/hadoop-hadoop/dfs/name has been successfully formatted.
13/01/30 00:59:04 INFO namenode.NameNode:SHUTDOWN_MSG:
/************************************************************
SHUTDOWN_MSG: Shutting down NameNode atnode01/192.168.231.131
************************************************************/

10.启动守护进程

注意，在启动守护进程之前，一定要先关闭防火墙（所有的结点都要），否则datanode启动失败。

[root@node04 ~]# /etc/init.d/iptables stop

iptables: Flushing firewall rules:                         [ OK  ]

iptables: Setting chains to policy ACCEPT:filter          [  OK  ]

iptables: Unloading modules:                               [  OK  ]

最好设置开机就不启动防火墙：

[root@node01 ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/selinux
SELINUX=disable
[hadoop@node01bin]$ ./start-all.sh
startingnamenode, logging to/home/hadoop/hadoop-0.20.2/bin/../logs/hadoop-hadoop-namenode-node01.out
node03:starting datanode, logging to/home/hadoop/hadoop-0.20.2/bin/../logs/hadoop-hadoop-datanode-node03.out
node02:starting datanode, logging to/home/hadoop/hadoop-0.20.2/bin/../logs/hadoop-hadoop-datanode-node02.out
node04:starting datanode, logging to/home/hadoop/hadoop-0.20.2/bin/../logs/hadoop-hadoop-datanode-node04.out
hadoop@node01'spassword:
node01:starting secondarynamenode, logging to/home/hadoop/hadoop-0.20.2/bin/../logs/hadoop-hadoop-secondarynamenode-node01.out
startingjobtracker, logging to/home/hadoop/hadoop-0.20.2/bin/../logs/hadoop-hadoop-jobtracker-node01.out
node03:starting tasktracker, logging to /home/hadoop/hadoop-0.20.2/bin/../logs/hadoop-hadoop-tasktracker-node03.out
node02:starting tasktracker, logging to/home/hadoop/hadoop-0.20.2/bin/../logs/hadoop-hadoop-tasktracker-node02.out
node04:starting tasktracker, logging to /home/hadoop/hadoop-0.20.2/bin/../logs/hadoop-hadoop-tasktracker-node04.out

检测守护进程启动情况：

Master结点：

[hadoop@node01 jdk1.6.0_38]$ /usr/java/jdk1.6.0_38/bin/jps
3986 Jps
3639 NameNode
3785 SecondaryNameNode
3858 JobTracker

Slave结点（以node02为例）：

[root@node02 ~]# /usr/java/jdk1.6.0_38/bin/jps
3254 TaskTracker
3175 DataNode
3382 Jps