spring中annotation的常用注解

最新推荐文章于 2024-09-18 16:04:37 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-09-18 16:04:37 发布

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使用方法

在bean.xml文件中加入

以实现使用annotation，可以直接从api中复制粘贴，如果没有提示<context:annotation-config/>写了<context:annotation-config/>和@Autowired就可以通过type自动的把bean注入到该去的地方，通过type匹配来实现这个功能

@Autowired

出现同名的bean的情况，如何来指定是哪个bean呢

</bean>

</bean>

这样会出现（就是说有两个同样类型的bean，spring不知道要找那个了）

org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException:Error creating bean with name 'userService': Injection of autowireddependencies failed; nested exception isorg.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowiremethod: public voidcom.xiao.service.UserService.setUserDAO(com.xiao.dao.UserDAO); nested exceptionis org.springframework.beans.factory.NoUniqueBeanDefinitionException: Noqualifying bean of type [com.xiao.dao.UserDAO] is defined: expected singlematching bean but found 2: u,u2

atorg.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:292)

atorg.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1185)

atorg.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:537)

atorg.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:475)

atorg.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:323)

atorg.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:195)

atorg.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.getBean(AbstractApplicationContext.java:973)

atcom.xiao.service.UserServiceTest.testAdd(UserServiceTest.java:26)

atsun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)

atsun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)

atsun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)

atjava.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source)

atorg.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:50)

atorg.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)

atorg.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:47)

atorg.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:17)

atorg.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:325)

atorg.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:78)

atorg.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:57)

atorg.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290)

atorg.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71)

atorg.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288)

atorg.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58)

atorg.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268)

atorg.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363)

atorg.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:86)

atorg.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38)

atorg.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:459)

atorg.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:675)

atorg.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:382)

atorg.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:192)

Caused by:org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowiremethod: public voidcom.xiao.service.UserService.setUserDAO(com.xiao.dao.UserDAO); nested exceptionis org.springframework.beans.factory.NoUniqueBeanDefinitionException: Noqualifying bean of type [com.xiao.dao.UserDAO] is defined: expected singlematching bean but found 2: u,u2

atorg.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredMethodElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:596)

atorg.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata.inject(InjectionMetadata.java:87)

atorg.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:289)

...30 more

Caused by:org.springframework.beans.factory.NoUniqueBeanDefinitionException: Noqualifying bean of type [com.xiao.dao.UserDAO] is defined: expected singlematching bean but found 2: u,u2

atorg.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:970)

atorg.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:858)

atorg.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredMethodElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:553)

...32 more

这时我们就可以在service类中加入@Qualifier("u")，这里的u是指定的bean的name，那么就算有一个u2和他同样类型，也不会混淆，就像这样

一般把autowired放在set方法上面一行

@Required是指必须要注入这个bean

如果想要byName对于bean，可以使用@Qualifier，默认是使用type来辨别是那个bean

@resource有点像@Autowired，但是它是以byName 来确定的

http://my.oschina.net/u/216467/blog/205951来源

如果找不着那个bean的name就以type来找在，如果有同type的bean可以使用name参数指定不同的bean，如果不使用component注解的话这个功能需要和xml一起使用

@Component意思是组件，就是说有这个标签的类可以看作是一个组件

指定之后该组件的key默认是这个类的类名首字符改成小写，如需指定可以在哦component中加入字符串，之后在service类中使用resource设置一下那个名字为刚刚设置的组件名即可使用，如下图

这样就不需要在bean.xml文件中加入bean的指定了，spring会自动搜索目录下包含component注释的java文件

要实现这个功能需要在xml中加入<context:component-scan base-package="com.xiao"/>来指定自动搜索那个目录下包含component的文件，最后用了component注释的xml就是这么干净

不过这样如果需要上线后改就不好改了，除非有源码才行呢。不过很方便开发

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <context:annotation-config/>
	<context:component-scan base-package="com.xiao"/>
    
</beans>