Spring=Spring详解IOC

一.DbUtils

(1)DbUtils是什么？

DbUtils是Apache的一款用于简化Dao层代码的工具类，它底层封装了JDBC技术。

核心对象：

QueryRunner queryRunner = new QueryRunner(DataSource dataSource);

核心方法：

int update(); 执行增、删、改语句

T query(); 执行查询语句
	ResultSetHandler<T> 这是一个接口，主要作用是将数据库返回的记录封装到实体对象

举个例子：

查询数据库所有账户信息到Account实体中

public class DbUtilsTest {

    @Test
    public void findAllTest() throws Exception {
        // 创建DBUtils工具类，传入连接池
        QueryRunner queryRunner = new QueryRunner(JdbcUtils.getDataSource());
        // 编写sql
        String sql = "select * from account";
        // 执行sql
        List<Account> list = queryRunner.query(sql, new BeanListHandler<Account>(Account.class));
        // 打印结果
        for (Account account : list) {
            System.out.println(account);
        }
    }
}

（2）DbUtils快速入门：

1）准备数据库环境：

2）创建maven的java模块：pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.wsl</groupId>
    <artifactId>springday02-dbutils</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.1</version>
                <configuration>
                    <source>1.8</source>
                    <target>1.8</target>
                    <encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

3)导入相关jar包

<!--依赖管理-->
<dependencies>
    <!--mysql驱动-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>mysql</groupId>
        <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        <version>5.1.47</version>
    </dependency>
    <!--druid连接池-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
        <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
        <version>1.1.15</version>
    </dependency>
    <!--dbUtils工具包-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>commons-dbutils</groupId>
        <artifactId>commons-dbutils</artifactId>
        <version>1.6</version>
    </dependency>
    <!--junit单元测试-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>junit</groupId>
        <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
        <version>4.12</version>
    </dependency>
    <!--spring核心-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
        <version>5.1.5.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

工具类导入：

实体类：

public class Account {
    private Integer id;
    private  String name;
    private Double money;
    public Account() {
    }
    public Account(Integer id, String name, Double money) {
        this.id = id;
        this.name = name;
        this.money = money;
    }
    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }
    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public Double getMoney() {
        return money;
    }
    public void setMoney(Double money) {
        this.money = money;
    }

api介绍：

测试：

public class DbUtilsTest {
    @Test
    public void test01() throws  Exception{
        //新增记录
        QueryRunner queryRunner = new QueryRunner(JdbcUtils.getDataSource());
        String sql = "insert into account(name,money) values(?,?)";
        queryRunner.update(sql,"张明明",30);
    }
    @Test
    public void test02() throws  Exception{
        //查询一条记录
        QueryRunner queryRunner = new QueryRunner(JdbcUtils.getDataSource());
        String sql = "select * from account where id=?";
        Account account = queryRunner.query(sql, new BeanHandler<>(Account.class), 3);
        System.out.println(account);
    }
    @Test
    public void test03() throws  Exception{
        //查询多条记录
        QueryRunner queryRunner = new QueryRunner(JdbcUtils.getDataSource());
        String sql = "select * from account";
        List<Account> accountList = queryRunner.query(sql, new BeanListHandler<Account>(Account.class));
        System.out.println(accountList);
    }
}

 

（2）Spring的xml整合DbUtils

基于spring的xml配置实现账户的CRUD

AccountDao代码：

public interface AccountDao {

    void save(Account account);

    void update(Account account);

    void delete(Integer id);

    List<Account> findAll();

    Account findById(Integer id);
}

public class AccountDaoImpl implements AccountDao {

    // 声明 QueryRunner 对象
    private QueryRunner queryRunner;

    public void setQueryRunner(QueryRunner queryRunner) {
        this.queryRunner = queryRunner;
    }

    @Override
    public void save(Account account) {
        try {
            // 1.编写sql
            String sql = "insert into account(name,money)values(?,?)";
            // 2.执行sql
            queryRunner.update(sql, account.getName(), account.getMoney());
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void update(Account account) {
        try {
            // 1.编写sql
            String sql = "update account set name = ? , money = ? where id = ?";
            // 2.执行sql
            queryRunner.update(sql, account.getName(), account.getMoney(), account.getId());
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void delete(Integer id) {
        try {
            // 1.编写sql
            String sql = "delete from account  where id = ?";
            // 2.执行sql
            queryRunner.update(sql, id);
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public List<Account> findAll() {
        List<Account> list = null;
        try {
            // 1.编写sql
            String sql = "select * from account";
            // 2.执行sql
            list = queryRunner.query(sql, new BeanListHandler<>(Account.class));
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return list;
    }

    @Override
    public Account findById(Integer id) {
        Account account = null;
        try {
            // 1.编写sql
            String sql = "SELECT * FROM account WHERE id = ?";
            // 2.执行sql
            account = queryRunner.query(sql, new BeanHandler<>(Account.class), id);
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return account;
    }
}

AccountService

public interface AccountService {

    void save(Account account);

    void update(Account account);

    void delete(Integer id);

    List<Account> findAll();

    Account findById(Integer id);
}

public class AccountServiceImpl implements AccountService {

    // 声明
    private AccountDao accountDao;

    public void setAccountDao(AccountDao accountDao) {
        this.accountDao = accountDao;
    }

    @Override
    public void save(Account account) {
        accountDao.save(account);
    }

    @Override
    public void update(Account account) {
        accountDao.update(account);
    }

    @Override
    public void delete(Integer id) {
        accountDao.delete(id);
    }

    @Override
    public List<Account> findAll() {
        return accountDao.findAll();
    }

    @Override
    public Account findById(Integer id) {
        return accountDao.findById(id);
    }
}

Spring的核心配置文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <!--druid连接交给ioc容器-->
    <bean id="dataSource" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource">
        <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"></property>
        <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/spring_db"></property>
        <property name="username" value="root"></property>
        <property name="password" value="root"></property>
    </bean>
    
    <!--queryRunner交给ioc容器-->
    <bean id="queryRunner" class="org.apache.commons.dbutils.QueryRunner">
        <constructor-arg name="ds" ref="dataSource"></constructor-arg>
    </bean>

    <!--accountDao交给ioc容器-->
    <bean id="accountDao" class="cn.wsl.dao.impl.AccountDaoImpl">
        <property name="queryRunner" ref="queryRunner"></property>
    </bean>

    <!--accountService交给ioc容器-->
    <bean id="accountService" class="cn.wsl.serivce.impl.AccountServiceImpl">
        <property name="accountDao" ref="accountDao"></property>
    </bean>
</beans>

代码测试：

public class AccountTest {
    //新增
    @Test
    public  void test01() throws  Exception{
        ClassPathXmlApplicationContext app = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
        AccountService  accountService  = app.getBean(AccountService.class);
       accountService.save(new Account(4,"张三",2000.0));
    }
    //修改
    @Test
    public  void test02() throws  Exception{
        ClassPathXmlApplicationContext app = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
        AccountService  accountService  = app.getBean(AccountService.class);
        accountService.update(new Account(4,"张三",2050.0));
    }
//删除
    @Test
    public  void test03() throws  Exception{
        ClassPathXmlApplicationContext app = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
        AccountService  accountService  = app.getBean(AccountService.class);
        accountService.delete(4);
    }
//查询所有
    @Test
    public  void test04() throws  Exception{
        ClassPathXmlApplicationContext app = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
        AccountService  accountService  = app.getBean(AccountService.class);
        List<Account> all = accountService.findAll();
        System.out.println(all);
    }
//查询一个
    @Test
    public  void test05() throws  Exception{
        ClassPathXmlApplicationContext app = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
        AccountService  accountService  = app.getBean(AccountService.class);
        Account account = accountService.findById(3);
        System.out.println(account);
    }
}

配置文件抽取：

引入context命名空间（约束）

修改配置文件标签：

 

二.Spring注解开发：

Spring是轻代码而重配置的框架，配置比较繁重，影响开发效率，所以注解开发是一种趋势，注解代替xml配置文件可以简化配置，提高开发效率。

（1）Spring常用注解：

Spring常用注解主要是替代<bean>的配置

IOC控制反转：

- @Component：相当于 <bean></bean>

- @Repository：专门处理dao层，交给ioc容器

- @Service：专门处理service层，交给ioc容器

- @Controller：专门处理web层，交给ioc容器

注意，如果使用注解开发，必须开启注解组件扫描：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <context:component-scan base-package="com.wsl"></context:component-scan>

   <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties"></context:property-placeholder>

<bean id="dataSource" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource">
    <property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driver}"></property>
    <property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}"></property>
    <property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}"></property>
    <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"></property>
</bean>

    <bean id="queryRunner" class="org.apache.commons.dbutils.QueryRunner">
        <constructor-arg name="ds" ref="dataSource"></constructor-arg>
    </bean>
    
</beans>

AccountDao

AccountService

DI：依赖注入：

- @Autowired：相当于 <property></property> ，根据类型注入

- @Qualifies：与@Autowired一起使用，根据id查找同类型下的实例

- @Resource ：jdk提供的注解（@Autowired+@Qualifies）

补充：

- @Scope：相当于 <bean scope=""></bean>
	singleton：单例对象（默认）
	prototype：多例对象

- @PostConstruct：相当于  <bean init-method=""></bean>

- @PreDestroy：相当于  <bean detroy-method=""></bean>

- @Value：通过${} SPEL,从配置文件中获取数据

 

// <bean id="userService" class="cn.wsl.service.impl.UserServiceImpl"></bean>
@Service
@Scope("prototype") // 多例对象
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
    /*@Autowired
    @Qualifier("userDaoImpl")*/
    @Resource(name = "userDaoImpl")
    private UserDao userDao;

    // <property name="userDao" ref="userDao"></property>
    // @Autowired
    /*public void setUserDao(UserDao userDao) {
        this.userDao = userDao;
    }*/

    @Value("张三")
    private String name ;

    @Value("${jdbc.driver}")
    private String driver;

    @Override
    public void save() {
        System.out.println(name);
        System.out.println(driver);
        userDao.save();
    }

    @PostConstruct
    public void init(){
        System.out.println("init执行了...");
    }

    @PreDestroy
    public void detroy(){
        System.out.println("destroy执行了...");
    }
}

 

（2）Spring常用注解整合DbUtils

改造：

AccountDao

@Repository
public class AccountDaoImpl implements AccountDao {

    @Autowired
    private QueryRunner queryRunner;
    @Override
    public void save(Account account) {
        String sql ="insert into account(name,money) values(?,?)";
        try {
            queryRunner.update(sql,account.getName(),account.getMoney());
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void update(Account account) {
        String sql = "update account set name=?,money =? where id=?";
        try {
            queryRunner.update(sql,account.getName(),account.getMoney(),account.getId());
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void delete(Integer id) {
        String sql ="delete from account where id = ? ";
        try {
            queryRunner.update(sql,id);
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public List<Account> findAll() {
        List<Account> list = null;
        String sql = "select * from account";
        try {
            list = queryRunner.query(sql,new BeanListHandler<>(Account.class));
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return list;
    }

    @Override
    public Account findById(Integer id) {
        Account account = null;
        String sql = "select * from account where id = ?";
        try {
            account = queryRunner.query(sql,new BeanHandler<>(Account.class),id);
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return account;
    }
}

AccountService

@Service
public class AccountServiceImpl implements AccountService {

    @Autowired
    private AccountDao accountDao;
    @Override
    public void save(Account account) {
        accountDao.save(account);
    }

    @Override
    public void update(Account account) {
        accountDao.update(account);
    }

    @Override
    public void delete(Integer id) {
        accountDao.delete(id);
    }

    @Override
    public List<Account> findAll() {
        List<Account> all = accountDao.findAll();
        return all;
    }

    @Override
    public Account findById(Integer id) {
        Account account = accountDao.findById(id);
        return account;
    }
}

修改配置文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <!--开启注解组件扫描-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.wsl"/>

    <!--加载第三方配置文件-->
    <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties"/>

    <!--druid连接交给ioc容器：第三方类目前只能使用bean标签 -->
    <bean id="dataSource" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource">
        <property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driver}"></property>
        <property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}"></property>
        <property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}"></property>
        <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"></property>
    </bean>

    <!--queryRunner交给ioc容器：第三方类目前只能使用bean标签-->
    <bean id="queryRunner" class="org.apache.commons.dbutils.QueryRunner">
        <constructor-arg name="ds" ref="dataSource"></constructor-arg>
    </bean>

</beans>

测试：

 

（3）Spring新注解：

使用上面的注解还不能全部替代xml配置文件，还需要使用注解替代的配置

- @Configuration ： 相当于applicationContext.xml

- @Bean：加载第三方类（对象），交给ioc容器

- @PropertySource  ：相当于 <context:property-placeholder location=""/>

- @ComponentScan ：相当于 <context:component-scan base-package=""/>

- @Import ：相当于 <import resource=""></import>

（4）利用纯注解整合DbUtils

创建SpringConfig配置类

@Configuration // applicationContext.xml
@ComponentScan("cn.wsl") // <context:component-scan base-package="cn.wsl"/>
@PropertySource("classpath:jdbc.properties") // <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties"/>
public class SpringConfig {

    @Value("${jdbc.driver}")
    private String driverClassName;
    @Value("${jdbc.url}")
    private String url;
    @Value("${jdbc.username}")
    private String username;
    @Value("${jdbc.password}")
    private String password;

    // 自定义druid对象，交给ioc容器
    /*
         <bean id="dataSource" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource">
            <property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driver}"></property>
            <property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}"></property>
            <property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}"></property>
            <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"></property>
        </bean>
     */
    @Bean("dataSource")
    public DataSource createDataSource() {
        DruidDataSource druidDataSource = new DruidDataSource();
        druidDataSource.setDriverClassName(driverClassName);
        druidDataSource.setUrl(url);
        druidDataSource.setUsername(username);
        druidDataSource.setPassword(password);
        return druidDataSource;
    }

    // 自定义queryRunner对象，交给ioc容器
    /*
        <bean id="queryRunner" class="org.apache.commons.dbutils.QueryRunner">
            <constructor-arg name="ds" ref="dataSource"></constructor-arg>
        </bean>
     */
    @Bean("queryRunner")
    public QueryRunner createQueryRunner(@Autowired DataSource dataSource) { // 这里的代码就是从ioc容器中，完成了依赖注入...
        QueryRunner queryRunner = new QueryRunner(dataSource);
        return queryRunner;
    }
}

测试

 

(5)配置类模块化

编写DataSourceConfig

public class DataSourceConfig {

    @Value("${jdbc.driver}")
    private String driverClassName;
    @Value("${jdbc.url}")
    private String url;
    @Value("${jdbc.username}")
    private String username;
    @Value("${jdbc.password}")
    private String password;

    // 自定义druid对象，交给ioc容器
    /*
         <bean id="dataSource" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource">
            <property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driver}"></property>
            <property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}"></property>
            <property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}"></property>
            <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"></property>
        </bean>
     */
    @Bean("dataSource")
    public DataSource createDataSource() {
        DruidDataSource druidDataSource = new DruidDataSource();
        druidDataSource.setDriverClassName(driverClassName);
        druidDataSource.setUrl(url);
        druidDataSource.setUsername(username);
        druidDataSource.setPassword(password);
        return druidDataSource;
    }
}

修改主配置类：

 

三.Spring整合Junit

（1）介绍：

Junit是一个单元测试工具，点击run的执行测试方法时，其实底层是通过runner（运行器）来工作的，默认的Junit是不会自动加载spring环境。

如果想在Junit中直接获取spring的容器，我们需要导入spring提供的测试整合包，切换为spring的运行器，就可以直接获取IOC容器中的对象了。

<!--单元测试-->
<dependency>
    <groupId>junit</groupId>
    <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
    <version>4.12</version>
</dependency>
<!--spring整合junit-->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
    <version>5.1.5.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>

（2）使用

在进行单元测试时，指定junti的运行器为spring的

指定加载配置文件或者配置类

注意：注解-@ContextConfiguration(locations = "classpath:applicationContext.xml")  可以加载全注解配置类，也可以加载xml文件配置文件

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = "classpath:applicationContext.xml")
public class AccountTest {
    @Autowired
    AccountService  accountService;
    //新增
    @Test
    public  void test01() throws  Exception{
       accountService.save(new Account(7,"张hah",2650.0));
    }
    //修改
    @Test
    public  void test02() throws  Exception{
        accountService.update(new Account(4,"张三",2050.0));
    }
//删除
    @Test
    public  void test03() throws  Exception{
        accountService.delete(4);
    }
//查询所有
    @Test
    public  void test04() throws  Exception{
        List<Account> all = accountService.findAll();
        System.out.println(all);
    }
//查询一个
    @Test
    public  void test05() throws  Exception{
        Account account = accountService.findById(5);
        System.out.println(account);

    }
}