初步认识hibernate--第一篇

</pre>引言： <span style="color:rgb(51,51,51); font-family:arial,宋体,sans-serif; font-size:14px; line-height:24px; text-indent:28px">jdbc的缺点：查询代码特别繁琐；重复代码特别多，频繁的try,catch；没有数据的缓存；SQL的移植性不好</span><p></p><p><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51); font-family:arial,宋体,sans-serif; font-size:14px; line-height:24px; text-indent:28px"> <span style="white-space:pre"></span>  jdbc的优点：</span><span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:12pt; text-indent:0in; color:rgb(51,51,51); line-height:24px">速度比较快；</span><span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:12pt; text-indent:0in; color:rgb(51,51,51); line-height:24px">把控性比较好</span></p><p><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51); font-family:arial,宋体,sans-serif; font-size:14px; line-height:24px">概念： </span><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51); font-family:arial,宋体,sans-serif; font-size:14px; line-height:24px">Hibernate是一个开放源代码的<strong>对象 关系 映射框架（ORM）</strong>，它对JDBC进行了非常轻量级的对象封装，使得Java程序员可以随心所欲的<strong>使用对象编程思维来操纵数据库</strong>。 Hibernate可以应用在任何使用JDBC的场合，既可以在Java的客户端程序使用，也可以在Servlet/JSP的Web应用中使用，最具革命意义的是，<em>Hibernate可以在应用EJB的J2EE</em></span><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51); font-family:arial,宋体,sans-serif; font-size:14px; line-height:24px; text-indent:28px"><em>架构中取代CMP，完成数据持久化</em></span><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51); font-family:arial,宋体,sans-serif; font-size:14px; line-height:24px; text-indent:28px"><em>的重任</em>。-----来自百度百科</span></p><p><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51); font-family:arial,宋体,sans-serif; font-size:14px; line-height:24px; text-indent:28px">引入hibernate后，代码变得比较简单；还可以实现数据缓存，一级缓存，二级缓存，查询缓存；代码移植性比较。但也存在以下缺点，因为sql语句是hibernate内部生成的，所以程序员干预不了，不可控；如果数据库特别大，不适合hibernate。</span></p><p><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51); line-height:24px; text-indent:28px; font-size:14px; font-family:arial,宋体,sans-serif"></span></p><p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:0in; text-indent:0in; direction:ltr; unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:宋体">hibernate的核心是：ormapping</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:宋体">对象关系映射---</span><span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:12pt; text-indent:0in">让关系型数据库和对象发生关联，</span></p><p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:0in; text-indent:0in; direction:ltr; unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:宋体; font-size:12pt; text-indent:0in">实现方式是通过XML映射文件进行关联，</span></p><p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:0in; text-indent:0in; direction:ltr; unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:宋体">*.hbm.xml(</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:宋体">映射文件</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:宋体">)</span></p><p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:0in; text-indent:0in; direction:ltr; unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:宋体">   </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:宋体">类与表的对应关系</span></p><p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:0in; text-indent:0in; direction:ltr; unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:宋体">  类上的属性的名称和表中的字段的名称对应关系</span></p><p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:0in; text-indent:0in; direction:ltr; unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:宋体">  类上的属性的类型和表中的字段的类型对应关系</span></p><p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:0in; text-indent:0in; direction:ltr; unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:宋体">  把一对多和多对多的关系转化成面向对象的关系</span></p><p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:0in; text-indent:0in; direction:ltr; unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:宋体"></span></p><p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:0in; text-indent:0in; direction:ltr; unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:宋体"></span></p><p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:0in; text-indent:0in; direction:ltr; unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:宋体">hibernate</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:宋体">的配置文件</span><span style="font-size:12pt; text-indent:0in">作用，主要是用来连接数据库！</span></p><p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:0in; text-indent:0in; direction:ltr; unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-size:12pt; text-indent:0in">所以学习hibernate，必须熟知以下内容</span></p><p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:0in; text-indent:0in; direction:ltr; unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-size:12pt; text-indent:0in"></span></p><p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:0in; text-indent:0in; direction:ltr; unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:宋体">   1</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:宋体">、</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:宋体">hibernate</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:宋体">的加载流程</span></p><p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:0in; text-indent:0in; direction:ltr; unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:宋体"></span></p><p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:0in; text-indent:0in; direction:ltr; unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:宋体">   </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:宋体">2</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:宋体">、</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:宋体">crud</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:宋体">的操作（增删改查的操作）</span></p><p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:0in; text-indent:0in; direction:ltr; unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:宋体"><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:宋体">   3</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:宋体">、关系操作--重点</span></span></p><p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:0in; text-indent:0in; direction:ltr; unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:宋体"><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:宋体"><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:宋体">   4</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:宋体">、</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:宋体">hibernate</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:宋体">的优化--重点</span></span></span></p><p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:0in; text-indent:0in; direction:ltr; unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:宋体"><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:宋体"><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:宋体"></span></span></span></p><p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:0in; text-indent:0in; direction:ltr; unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:宋体">       数据缓存</span></p><p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:0in; text-indent:0in; direction:ltr; unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:宋体">       懒加载</span></p><p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:0in; text-indent:0in; direction:ltr; unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:宋体">       抓取策略</span></p><p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:0in; text-indent:0in; direction:ltr; unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:宋体">       </span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:宋体">……</span></p><p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:0in; text-indent:0in; direction:ltr; unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:宋体"><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:宋体">   5</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:宋体">、</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:宋体">hql</span><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:宋体">语句</span></span></p><h3><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:宋体"><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:宋体"><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:宋体">第一个hibernate实例</span></span></span></h3><div><span style="white-space:pre"></span>新建java web 工程添加如下jar包</div><div>antlr-2.7.6.jarbackport-util-concurrent.jarc3p0-0.9.1.jarcommons-collections-3.1.jarcommons-logging-1.1.1.jardom4j-1.6.1.jarehcache-1.5.0.jarhibernate3.jar（核心包）javassist-3.9.0.GA.jarjta-1.1.jarlog4j.jarmysql-connector-java-5.1.10-bin.jarslf4j-api-1.5.8.jarslf4j-log4j12.jar引入测试包JUnit包</div>了解 <span style="color:rgb(51,51,51); font-family:arial,宋体,sans-serif; font-size:14px; line-height:24px; text-indent:28px">POJO（Plain Ordinary Java Object）简单的Java对象，实际就是普通JavaBeans，是为了避免和EJB混淆所创造的简称。也叫持久化对象</span><p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:0in; text-indent:0in; direction:ltr; unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:宋体"><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51); font-family:arial,宋体,sans-serif; font-size:14px; line-height:24px; text-indent:28px">继承Serializable接口 的作用是将对象序列化，其作用是可以让对象在网络上进行传输</span></span></p><p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:0in; text-indent:0in; direction:ltr; unicode-bidi:embed"></p>新建一个Person.java 文件和Person.hbm.xml<pre name="code" class="java">package com.someone.hibernate.sh.domain;
import java.io.Serializable;


/**
 * 对象的序列化的作用：让对象在网络上传输,以二进制的形式传输
 * @author Think
 * Serializable标示接口
 */
public class Person implements Serializable{
	private Long pid;
	private String pname;
	
	public Person(){}
	
	public Person(String pname){
		this.pname = pname;
	}
	
	public Long getPid() {
		return pid;
	}
	public void setPid(Long pid) {
		this.pid = pid;
	}
	public String getPname() {
		return pname;
	}
	public void setPname(String pname) {
		this.pname = pname;
	}
	public String getPsex() {
		return psex;
	}
	public void setPsex(String psex) {
		this.psex = psex;
	}
	private String psex;
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
	<!-- 
		用来描述一个持久化类
		name  类的全名
	 	table 可以不写  默认值和类名一样 
	 	catalog  数据库的名称  一般不写
	 -->
	<class name="com.someone.hibernate.sh.domain.Person">
		<!-- 
			标示属性  和数据库中的主键对应
			name  属性的名称
			column 列的名称
		 -->
		<id name="pid" column="pid" length="200" type="java.lang.Long">
			<!-- 
				主键的产生器
				  就该告诉hibernate容器用什么样的方式产生主键
			 -->
			<strong><generator class="increment"></generator></strong>
		</id>
		<!-- 
			描述一般属性
		 -->
		<property name="pname" column="pname" length="20" type="string">
		</property>
		
		<property name="psex" column="psex" length="10" type="java.lang.String"></property>
	</class>
</hibernate-mapping>

然后新建配置文件 hibernate.cfg.xml 

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
        "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
        "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-configuration>
	<!-- 
		一个session-factory只能连接一个数据库
	-->
<session-factory>
	<!-- 
		数据库的用户名
	-->
	<property name="connection.username">root</property>
	<!-- 
		密码
	-->
	<property name="connection.password">tiger</property>
	<!-- 
		url
	-->
	<property name="connection.url">
		jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/itcast_sh_hibernate
	</property>
	<!-- 
		作用：根据持久化类和映射文件生成表
		validate 只验证
		create-drop 启动生产结束删除
		create 每次启动后生产表
		update 启动hibernate容器的时候检查持久化类、映射文件 和数据库表是否对应，不对应创建
	-->
	<property name="hbm2ddl.auto">update</property>
	<!-- 
		显示hibernate内部生成的sql语句
	-->
	<property name="show_sql">true</property>
	<mapping resource="com/somneone/hibernate/sh/domain/Person.hbm.xml" />

</session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>

新建一个test.java文件  /hibernate_sh_base/test/com/someone/hibernate/sh/test/CreateTable.java

package com.someone.hibernate.sh.test;

import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
import org.junit.Test;

public class CreateTable {
	@Test
	public void testCreateTable(){
		Configuration configuration = new Configuration();
		configuration.configure();
		configuration.buildSessionFactory();
	}
}

运行测试就可以在数据库中动态创建 Person表 pid pname psex

下一步做一个增删改查 一个utils里面放工具类，然后写一个PersonTest

package com.someone.hibernate.sh.utils;

import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;

public class HiberanteUtils {
	public static SessionFactory sessionFactory;
	static{
		/**
		 * 创建configuration对象
		 */
		Configuration configuration = new Configuration();
		configuration.configure();
		/**
		 * 加载hibernate的配置文件
		 */
		//configuration.configure("");
		sessionFactory = configuration.buildSessionFactory();
	}
}

package com.someone.hibernate.sh.test;

import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.List;

import org.hibernate.Session;

import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.junit.Test;

import com.someone.hibernate.sh.domain.Person;
import com.someone.hibernate.sh.utils.HiberanteUtils;

public class PersonTest extends HiberanteUtils{
	@Test
	public void testSavePerson(){
		Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		
		Person person = new Person();
		person.setPname("上海第一期班长");
		person.setPsex("女");
		
		/**
		 * 参数必须持久化对象
		 */
		session.save(person);
		
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
	}
	
	@Test
	public void testQueryPerson(){
		Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
		List<Person> personList = session.createQuery("from Person").list();
		for(Person person:personList){
			System.out.println(person.getPname());
		}
		session.close();
	}
	
	@Test
	public void testQueryPersonByID(){
		Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
		/**
		 * 按照主键的方式查询数据库表中的记录
		 * 第二个参数的类型必须和持久化中标示符的类型保持一致
		 */
		Person person = (Person)session.get(Person.class, 1L);
		System.out.println(person.getPname());
		session.close();
	}
	
	
	/**
	 * hibernate内部会检查标示符，看标示符中的值在数据库相应的表中有没有对应的记录，如果有，则删除
	 */
	@Test
	public void testDeletePerson(){
		Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		/**
		 * 1、根据id把值从数据库中查找出来
		 * 2、把对象删除掉
		 */
//		Person person = (Person)session.get(Person.class, 1L);
//		session.delete(person);
		
		/**
		 * 1、新创建一个person对象
		 * 2、给person对象的标示符赋值
		 * 3、调用session.delete方法删除
		 */
		Person person = new Person();
		//person.setPid(2L);
		session.delete(person);
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
	}
	
	@Test
	public void testUpdatePerson(){
		Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		
		/**
		 * 1、根据id把持久化对象提取出来
		 * 2、进行修改
		 * 3、执行upate操作
		 */
		Person person = (Person)session.get(Person.class, 1L);
		person.setPsex("不详");
//		Person person = new Person();
//		person.setPid(1L);
		session.update(person);
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
	}
	
	@Test
	public void testIdentity(){
		Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		Person person = (Person)session.get(Person.class, 1L);
		Person person2 = new Person();
		//person2.setPid(1L);
		session.update(person2);
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
	}
}