1.使用类构造器实现实例化(bean的自身构造器)
<bean id = "orderService" class="cn.itcast.OrderServiceBean"/>
2.使用静态工厂方法实现实例化
- <bean id = "personService" class = "cn.itcast.OrderFactory" factory-method = "createOrder"/>
- public class OrderFactory{
- private static OrderFactory orderFactory = new OrderFactory();
- private OrderFactory();
- public static OrderFactory createOrder(){
- return OrderFactory;
- }
- }
3.使用实例化工厂方法实现实例化(通过别的实体的bean)
- <bean id = "personServiceFactory" class = "cn.itcast.service.OrderFactory"/>
- <bean id = "persionService" factory-bean = "personServiceFactory" foctory-method = "createOrder"/>
- public class OrderFactory{
- private static OrderService orderService = new OrderService();
- private OrderFactory();
- public static OrderService createOrderServiceBean{
- return OrderService;
- }
- }
我们通常把负责加载bean的BeanFactory或者ApplicationContext叫做Spring容器。两者都是通过xml配置文件加载bean,ApplicationContext和BeanFacotry相比,主要区别在于BeanFacotry是延迟加载,在调用getBean()的时候才实例化要get的bean。如果Bean的某一个属性无法注入,这时候才会抛出异常;而ApplicationContext默认,在初始化自身的时候就会对所有的bean做实例化,除非对bean设置lazy-init="true",这样有利于检查所依赖属性是否能注入。
另外,ApplicationContext提供了更多的扩展功能,如对要加载的资源文件的国际化’处理,对BeanPostProcessor的处理,
所以在J2EE应用中,通常情况下我们都选择使用ApplicationContext。不管是使用BeanFactory还是ApplicationContext,Spring 默认以singleton的方式初始化bean.
对于BeanFactory的初始化,通常用下面的代码:
- ClassPathResource resource = new ClassPathResource("beans.xml");
- BeanFactory factory = new XmlBeanFactory(resource);
对于ApplicationContext的初始化,通常在web.xml中配置:
- <context-param>
- <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
- <param-value>
- classpath:conf/Appcontext.xml
- </param-value>
- 6 </context-param>
- <listener><listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class></listener>
或者
- ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(
- new String[] {"applicationContext.xml", "applicationContext-part2.xml"});