一、要求
要求完成下面一个小的应用程序。
二、一步步对代码进行优化
注意:在开发过程中,优化的过程是一步一步进行的。(如果一个人要吃五个包子才能吃饱,那么他是否直接吃第五个,前面四个不用吃就饱了?)
1.完成基本要求的代码(使用了字典转模型和xib连线)
(1)文件结构
(2)主要代码
字典转模型部分:
YYappInfo.h头文件
1 // 2 // YYappInfo.h 3 // 12-视图改进(1) 4 // 5 // Created by apple on 14-5-25. 6 // Copyright (c) 2014年 itcase. All rights reserved. 7 // 8 9 #import <Foundation/Foundation.h> 10 11 @interface YYappInfo : NSObject 12 @property(nonatomic,copy)NSString *name; 13 @property(nonatomic,copy)NSString *icon; 14 @property(nonatomic,strong,readonly)UIImage *img; 15 16 -(instancetype)initWithDict:(NSDictionary *)dict; 17 /**工厂方法*/ 18 +(instancetype)appInfoWithDict:(NSDictionary *)dict; 19 @end
YYappInfo.m文件
1 // 2 // YYappInfo.m 3 // 12-视图改进(1) 4 // 5 // Created by apple on 14-5-25. 6 // Copyright (c) 2014年 itcase. All rights reserved. 7 // 8 9 #import "YYappInfo.h" 10 @interface YYappInfo() 11 { 12 UIImage *_img; 13 } 14 @end 15 @implementation YYappInfo 16 -(instancetype)initWithDict:(NSDictionary *)dict 17 { 18 if (self=[super init]) { 19 self.name=dict[@"name"]; 20 self.icon=dict[@"icon"]; 21 } 22 return self; 23 } 24 25 +(instancetype)appInfoWithDict:(NSDictionary *)dict 26 { 27 return [[self alloc]initWithDict:dict]; 28 } 29 30 -(UIImage *)img 31 { 32 _img=[UIImage imageNamed:self.icon]; 33 return _img; 34 } 35 @end
xib部分(YYappInfoView.h文件):
注:(xib视图和YYappInfoView进行了关联,三个属性均进行了连线)
1 // 2 // YYappInfoView.h 3 // 12-视图改进(1) 4 // 5 // Created by apple on 14-5-25. 6 // Copyright (c) 2014年 itcase. All rights reserved. 7 // 8 9 #import <UIKit/UIKit.h> 10 11 @interface YYappInfoView : UIView 12 @property (strong, nonatomic) IBOutlet UIImageView *appInfoViewimg; 13 14 @property (strong ,nonatomic) IBOutlet UILabel *appInfoViewlab; 15 @property (strong, nonatomic) IBOutlet UIButton *appInfoViewbtn; 16 17 @end
主要功能实现部分:
YYViewController.m文件
1 // 2 // YYViewController.m 3 // 12-视图改进(1) 4 // 5 // Created by apple on 14-5-25. 6 // Copyright (c) 2014年 itcase. All rights reserved. 7 // 8 9 #import "YYViewController.h" 10 #import "YYappInfo.h" 11 #import "YYappInfoView.h" 12 13 @interface YYViewController () 14 @property(nonatomic,strong)NSArray *apps; 15 @end 16 17 //开发思路 18 //1.加载plist文件(字典转模型提供接口) 19 //2.使用xib文件完成单个的view 20 //3.计算坐标,使用for循环把view展现到界面上 21 //4.优化代码 22 @implementation YYViewController 23 24 //get方法,懒加载 25 -(NSArray *)apps 26 { 27 if (!_apps) { 28 NSString *path = [[NSBundle mainBundle]pathForResource:@"app.plist" ofType:nil]; 29 NSArray * arrayM = [NSArray arrayWithContentsOfFile:path]; 30 31 NSMutableArray *appinfoarray=[NSMutableArray array]; 32 for (NSDictionary *dict in arrayM) { 33 [appinfoarray addObject:[YYappInfo appInfoWithDict:dict]]; 34 } 35 _apps = appinfoarray; 36 } 37 return _apps; 38 } 39 40 - (void)viewDidLoad 41 { 42 [super viewDidLoad]; 43 NSLog(@"%d",self.apps.count); 44 45 int totalloc = 3; 46 CGFloat appviewW = 80; 47 CGFloat appviewH = 90; 48 CGFloat margin = (self.view.frame.size.width-totalloc*appviewW)/(totalloc+1); 49 50 int count=self.apps.count; 51 for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) { 52 int row = i/totalloc; 53 int loc = i%totalloc; 54 55 CGFloat appviewX = margin + (margin + appviewW) * loc; 56 CGFloat appviewY = margin + (margin + appviewH) * row; 57 58 YYappInfo *appinfo=self.apps[i]; 59 60 //拿出xib中的数据 61 NSArray *arryM=[[NSBundle mainBundle]loadNibNamed:@"appInfoxib" owner:nil options:nil]; 62 YYappInfoView *appinfoview=[arryM firstObject]; 63 //设置位置 64 appinfoview.frame=CGRectMake(appviewX, appviewY, appviewW, appviewH); 65 //设置值 66 appinfoview.appInfoViewimg.image=appinfo.img; 67 appinfoview.appInfoViewlab.text=appinfo.name; 68 //添加到视图 69 appinfoview.appInfoViewbtn.tag=i; 70 [appinfoview.appInfoViewbtn addTarget:self action:@selector(Click:) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside]; 71 [self.view addSubview:appinfoview]; 72 } 73 } 74 -(void)Click:(UIButton *)btn 75 { 76 btn.enabled=NO; 77 YYappInfo *appinfo=self.apps[btn.tag]; 78 UILabel *lab=[[UILabel alloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(60, 450, 200, 20)]; 79 [lab setBackgroundColor:[UIColor lightGrayColor]]; 80 [lab setTextAlignment:NSTextAlignmentCenter]; 81 [lab setText:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@成功下载",appinfo.name]]; 82 [self.view addSubview:lab]; 83 84 lab.alpha=1.0; 85 [UIView animateWithDuration:2.0 animations:^{ 86 lab.alpha=0; 87 }completion:^(BOOL finished) { 88 [lab removeFromSuperview]; 89 }]; 90 } 91 @end
2.对1进行优化(把数据呈现部分封装到视图)
说明:在1的基础上寻找还会有那些可以优化的部分
1)改进思路:
(1)1中主文件的66~67行对控件属性的设置能否拿到视图中进行?
(2)1中61~62行是从xib文件中读取信息的操作,且和主控制器没有什么太大的关联,能否把它也封装到视图中进行?
(3)当上述两个步骤完成后,主文件69行以后的按钮操作和按钮单击事件就显得很突兀,放在主控制器中已经不再合适,是否可以把它放到视图中进行处理
2)按照上述思路优化后的代码如下:
优化视图,在视图部分之对外提供一个接口,把数据的处理封装在内部
YYappInfoView.h文件代码:
1 // 2 // YYappInfoView.h 3 // 12-视图改进(1) 4 // 5 // Created by apple on 14-5-25. 6 // Copyright (c) 2014年 itcase. All rights reserved. 7 // 8 9 #import <UIKit/UIKit.h> 10 @class YYappInfo; 11 @interface YYappInfoView : UIView 12 13 //读取 14 //+(instancetype)appInfoView; 15 //只对外开放一个数据接口 16 +(instancetype)appInfoViewWithappInfo:(YYappInfo *)appinfo; 17 @end
YYappInfoView.m文件代码
说明:该文件中的属性和click等均已做了连线的操作。
1 // 2 // YYappInfoView.m 3 // 12-视图改进(1) 4 // 5 // Created by apple on 14-5-25. 6 // Copyright (c) 2014年 itcase. All rights reserved. 7 // 8 9 #import "YYappInfoView.h" 10 #import "YYappInfo.h" 11 //私有扩展,把属性拿进来 12 @interface YYappInfoView () 13 @property (strong, nonatomic) IBOutlet UIImageView *appInfoViewimg; 14 @property (strong ,nonatomic) IBOutlet UILabel *appInfoViewlab; 15 @property (strong, nonatomic) IBOutlet UIButton *appInfoViewbtn; 16 @property(strong,nonatomic)YYappInfo *appinfo; 17 18 @end 19 @implementation YYappInfoView 20 21 +(instancetype)appInfoView 22 { 23 NSArray *arryM=[[NSBundle mainBundle]loadNibNamed:@"appInfoxib" owner:nil options:nil]; 24 YYappInfoView *appinfoview=[arryM firstObject]; 25 return appinfoview; 26 } 27 28 +(instancetype)appInfoViewWithappInfo:(YYappInfo *)appinfo 29 { 30 YYappInfoView *appInfoView=[self appInfoView]; 31 appInfoView.appinfo=appinfo; 32 return appInfoView; 33 } 34 35 -(void)setAppinfo:(YYappInfo *)appinfoc 36 { 37 //这里一定要记录变化 38 _appinfo=appinfoc; 39 self.appInfoViewimg.image=appinfoc.img; self.appInfoViewlab.text=appinfoc.name;
41 }
42 - (IBAction)Click {
43
44 self.appInfoViewbtn.enabled=NO;
45 //YYappInfo *appinfo=self.apps[];
46
47 YYappInfo *appinfo=self.appinfo;
48 UILabel *lab=[[UILabel alloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(60, 450, 200, 20)];
49 [lab setBackgroundColor:[UIColor lightGrayColor]];
50 [lab setTextAlignment:NSTextAlignmentCenter];
51 [lab setText:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@成功下载",appinfo.name]];
52 //把lab添加到父视图(即view中)
53 [self.superview addSubview:lab];
54
55 lab.alpha=1.0;
56 [UIView animateWithDuration:2.0 animations:^{
57 lab.alpha=0;
58 }completion:^(BOOL finished) {
59 [lab removeFromSuperview];
60 }];
61 }
62
63
64 @end
优化后的主控制器部分
YYViewController.m文件代码
1 // 2 // YYViewController.m 3 // 12-视图改进(1) 4 // 5 // Created by apple on 14-5-25. 6 // Copyright (c) 2014年 itcase. All rights reserved. 7 // 8 9 #import "YYViewController.h" 10 #import "YYappInfo.h" 11 #import "YYappInfoView.h" 12 13 @interface YYViewController () 14 @property(nonatomic,strong)NSArray *apps; 15 @end 16 @implementation YYViewController 17 18 -(NSArray *)apps 19 { 20 if (!_apps) { 21 NSString *path = [[NSBundle mainBundle]pathForResource:@"app.plist" ofType:nil]; 22 NSArray * arrayM = [NSArray arrayWithContentsOfFile:path]; 23 24 NSMutableArray *appinfoarray=[NSMutableArray array]; 25 for (NSDictionary *dict in arrayM) { 26 [appinfoarray addObject:[YYappInfo appInfoWithDict:dict]]; 27 } 28 _apps = appinfoarray; 29 } 30 return _apps; 31 } 32 33 - (void)viewDidLoad 34 { 35 [super viewDidLoad]; 36 NSLog(@"%d",self.apps.count); 37 38 int totalloc = 3; 39 CGFloat appviewW = 80; 40 CGFloat appviewH = 90; 41 CGFloat margin = (self.view.frame.size.width-totalloc*appviewW)/(totalloc+1); 42 43 int count=self.apps.count; 44 for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) { 45 int row = i/totalloc; 46 int loc = i%totalloc; 47 48 CGFloat appviewX = margin + (margin + appviewW) * loc; 49 CGFloat appviewY = margin + (margin + appviewH) * row; 50 51 /*思路: 52 要达到的效果 appinfoview.appinfo=appinfo; 53 优化后即变成 appinfoview.appinfo=self.apps[i]; 54 要进行上面代码的操作,需要在视图中新增加一个appinfo类的属性,这样数据——》视图的转换即可以不需要在主控制器中完成,让程序结构一目了然 55 */ 56 YYappInfo *appinfo=self.apps[i]; 57 YYappInfoView *appinfoview=[YYappInfoView appInfoViewWithappInfo:appinfo]; 58 //设置位置 59 appinfoview.frame=CGRectMake(appviewX, appviewY, appviewW, appviewH); 60 //添加 61 [self.view addSubview:appinfoview]; 62 } 63 } 64 @end
3.对2进一步优化(把数据处理部分拿到模型中去进行)
(1)思路:把字典转模型部分的数据处理操作,拿到模型中去处理,这样外界不需要再关心数据处理的内部细节。
(2)优化后的代码如下
YYappInfo.h文件中向外开放一个接口,返回一个处理好的数组。
1 // 2 // YYappInfo.h 3 // 12-视图改进(1) 4 // 5 // Created by apple on 14-5-25. 6 // Copyright (c) 2014年 itcase. All rights reserved. 7 // 8 9 #import <Foundation/Foundation.h> 10 11 @interface YYappInfo : NSObject 12 @property(nonatomic,copy)NSString *name; 13 @property(nonatomic,copy)NSString *icon; 14 @property(nonatomic,strong)UIImage *img; 15 16 -(instancetype)initWithDict:(NSDictionary *)dict; 17 /**工厂方法*/ 18 +(instancetype)appInfoWithDict:(NSDictionary *)dict; 19 +(NSArray *)appinfoarray; 20 @end
YYappInfo.m文件中的数据处理
1 // 2 // YYappInfo.m 3 // 12-视图改进(1) 4 // 5 // Created by apple on 14-5-25. 6 // Copyright (c) 2014年 itcase. All rights reserved. 7 // 8 9 #import "YYappInfo.h" 10 @interface YYappInfo() 11 @end 12 @implementation YYappInfo 13 -(instancetype)initWithDict:(NSDictionary *)dict 14 { 15 if (self=[super init]) { 16 self.name=dict[@"name"]; 17 self.icon=dict[@"icon"]; 18 } 19 return self; 20 } 21 22 +(instancetype)appInfoWithDict:(NSDictionary *)dict 23 { 24 return [[self alloc]initWithDict:dict]; 25 } 26 27 -(UIImage *)img 28 { 29 _img=[UIImage imageNamed:self.icon]; 30 return _img; 31 } 32 33 //把数据处理部分拿到模型中来处理 34 +(NSArray *)appinfoarray 35 { 36 NSString *path = [[NSBundle mainBundle]pathForResource:@"app.plist" ofType:nil]; 37 NSArray * arrayM = [NSArray arrayWithContentsOfFile:path]; 38 39 NSMutableArray *appinfoarray=[NSMutableArray array]; 40 for (NSDictionary *dict in arrayM) { 41 [appinfoarray addObject:[YYappInfo appInfoWithDict:dict]]; 42 } 43 return appinfoarray; 44 } 45 @end
主控制器中不再需要关心数据处理的内部细节
YYViewController.m文件现在只是负责模型和视图之间的协调工作了,怎么样?差不多了吧。
1 // 2 // YYViewController.m 3 // 12-视图改进(1) 4 // 5 // Created by apple on 14-5-25. 6 // Copyright (c) 2014年 itcase. All rights reserved. 7 // 8 9 #import "YYViewController.h" 10 #import "YYappInfo.h" 11 #import "YYappInfoView.h" 12 13 @interface YYViewController () 14 @property(nonatomic,strong)NSArray *apps; 15 @end 16 @implementation YYViewController 17 18 -(NSArray *)apps 19 { 20 if (!_apps) { 21 _apps=[YYappInfo appinfoarray]; 22 } 23 return _apps; 24 } 25 26 - (void)viewDidLoad 27 { 28 [super viewDidLoad]; 29 30 int totalloc = 3; 31 CGFloat appviewW = 80; 32 CGFloat appviewH = 90; 33 CGFloat margin = (self.view.frame.size.width-totalloc*appviewW)/(totalloc+1); 34 35 int count=self.apps.count; 36 for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) { 37 38 int row = i/totalloc; 39 int loc = i%totalloc; 40 41 CGFloat appviewX = margin + (margin + appviewW) * loc; 42 CGFloat appviewY = margin + (margin + appviewH) * row; 43 44 YYappInfo *appinfo=self.apps[i]; 45 YYappInfoView *appinfoview=[YYappInfoView appInfoViewWithappInfo:appinfo]; 46 appinfoview.frame=CGRectMake(appviewX, appviewY, appviewW, appviewH); 47 [self.view addSubview:appinfoview]; 48 } 49 } 50 @end
实现效果:
4.补充说明
View的封装思路
(1) 如果一个view内部的子控件比较多,一般会考虑自定义一个view,把它内部子控件的创建屏蔽起来,不让外界关心
(2) 外界可以传入对应的模型数据给view,view拿到模型数据后给内部的子控件设置对应的数据
三、mvc机制简单说明
说明:
(1)在开发过程中,作为控制器处理的量级应该很轻,不该操心的不操心。协调好模型和视图就ok了,要学会当一个好老板。
(2)三个部分各司其职,数据模型只负责数据的处理,视图部分只负责把拿到的数据进行显示,两个部分都是被动的,等待着大管家控制器的调遣。
(3)在OC中,如果视图和数据模型之间有通道,那控制器是否处于失控状态呢?