转自kuangbin:
template <class T>
inline bool scan_d(T &ret)
{
char c;
int sgn;
if(c=getchar(),c==EOF) return 0; //EOF
while(c!='-'&&(c<'0'||c>'9')) c=getchar();
sgn=(c=='-')?-1:1;
ret=(c=='-')?0:(c-'0');
while(c=getchar(),c>='0'&&c<='9') ret=ret*10+(c-'0');
ret*=sgn;
return 1;
}