CentOS 使用二进制部署 Kubernetes 1.13集群

参考:https://www.kubernetes.org.cn/4963.html部份错误已更改

 

 

1、安装环境准备:

部署节点说明

IP地址	         主机名      	CPU	内存	磁盘
192.168.136.150	master	4C	4G	50G
192.168.136.151	node1	4C	4G	50G
192.168.136.152	node2	4C	4G	50G

k8s安装包下载

链接:https://pan.baidu.com/s/1wO6T7byhaJYBuu2JlhZvkQ
提取码:pm9u

部署网络说明 2、架构图 Kubernetes 架构图

Flannel网络架构图

数据从源容器中发出后,经由所在主机的docker0虚拟网卡转发到flannel0虚拟网卡,这是个P2P的虚拟网卡,flanneld服务监听在网卡的另外一端。 Flannel通过Etcd服务维护了一张节点间的路由表,在稍后的配置部分我们会介绍其中的内容。 源主机的flanneld服务将原本的数据内容UDP封装后根据自己的路由表投递给目的节点的flanneld服务,数据到达以后被解包,然后直接进入目的节点的flannel0虚拟网卡, 然后被转发到目的主机的docker0虚拟网卡,最后就像本机容器通信一下的有docker0路由到达目标容器。

3、 Kubernetes工作流程

集群功能各模块功能描述:

Master节点:

Master节点上面主要由四个模块组成,APIServer,schedule,controller-manager,etcd

APIServer: APIServer负责对外提供RESTful的kubernetes API的服务,它是系统管理指令的统一接口,任何对资源的增删该查都要交给APIServer处理后再交给etcd,如图,kubectl(kubernetes提供的客户端工具,该工具内部是对kubernetes API的调用)是直接和APIServer交互的。

schedule: schedule负责调度Pod到合适的Node上,如果把scheduler看成一个黑匣子,那么它的输入是pod和由多个Node组成的列表,输出是Pod和一个Node的绑定。 kubernetes目前提供了调度算法,同样也保留了接口。用户根据自己的需求定义自己的调度算法。

controller manager: 如果APIServer做的是前台的工作的话,那么controller manager就是负责后台的。每一个资源都对应一个控制器。而control manager就是负责管理这些控制器的,比如我们通过APIServer创建了一个Pod,当这个Pod创建成功后,APIServer的任务就算完成了。

etcd:etcd是一个高可用的键值存储系统,kubernetes使用它来存储各个资源的状态,从而实现了Restful的API。

Node节点:

每个Node节点主要由三个模板组成:kublet, kube-proxy

kube-proxy: 该模块实现了kubernetes中的服务发现和反向代理功能。kube-proxy支持TCP和UDP连接转发,默认基Round Robin算法将客户端流量转发到与service对应的一组后端pod。服务发现方面,kube-proxy使用etcd的watch机制监控集群中service和endpoint对象数据的动态变化,并且维护一个service到endpoint的映射关系,从而保证了后端pod的IP变化不会对访问者造成影响,另外,kube-proxy还支持session affinity。

kublet:kublet是Master在每个Node节点上面的agent,是Node节点上面最重要的模块,它负责维护和管理该Node上的所有容器,但是如果容器不是通过kubernetes创建的,它并不会管理。本质上,它负责使Pod的运行状态与期望的状态一致。

二、Kubernetes 安装及配置

1、初始化环境

1.1、设置关闭防火墙及SELINUX

systemctl stop firewalld && systemctl disable firewalld
setenforce 0
vi /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=disabled

1.2、关闭Swap

swapoff -a && sysctl -w vm.swappiness=0
vi /etc/fstab
#UUID=7bff6243-324c-4587-b550-55dc34018ebf swap                    swap    defaults        0 0

1.3、设置Docker所需参数

cat << EOF | tee /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
EOF
sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf

1.4、安装 Docker

yum-config-manager --add-repo https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
yum list docker-ce --showduplicates | sort -r
yum install docker-ce -y
systemctl start docker && systemctl enable docker

1.5、创建安装目录

mkdir /k8s/etcd/{bin,cfg,ssl} -p
mkdir /k8s/kubernetes/{bin,cfg,ssl} -p

1.6、安装及配置CFSSL

wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl_linux-amd64
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssljson_linux-amd64
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64
chmod +x cfssl_linux-amd64 cfssljson_linux-amd64 cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64
mv cfssl_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssl
mv cfssljson_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssljson
mv cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64 /usr/bin/cfssl-certinfo

cp cfssl_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssl
cp cfssljson_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssljson
cp cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64 /usr/bin/cfssl-certinfo

1.7、创建认证证书

创建 ETCD 证书

cat << EOF | tee ca-config.json
{
  "signing": {
    "default": {
      "expiry": "87600h"
    },
    "profiles": {
      "www": {
         "expiry": "87600h",
         "usages": [
            "signing",
            "key encipherment",
            "server auth",
            "client auth"
        ]
      }
    }
  }
}
EOF

创建 ETCD CA 配置文件

cat << EOF | tee ca-csr.json
{
    "CN": "etcd CA",
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "names": [
        {
            "C": "CN",
            "L": "Shenzhen",
            "ST": "Shenzhen"
        }
    ]
}
EOF

创建 ETCD Server 证书

cat << EOF | tee server-csr.json
{
    "CN": "etcd",
    "hosts": [
    "192.168.136.150",
    "192.168.136.151",
    "192.168.136.152"
    ],
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "names": [
        {
            "C": "CN",
            "L": "Shenzhen",
            "ST": "Shenzhen"
        }
    ]
}
EOF

生成 ETCD CA 证书和私钥

cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca -
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=www server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server

创建 Kubernetes CA 证书

cat << EOF | tee ca-config.json
{
  "signing": {
    "default": {
      "expiry": "87600h"
    },
    "profiles": {
      "kubernetes": {
         "expiry": "87600h",
         "usages": [
            "signing",
            "key encipherment",
            "server auth",
            "client auth"
        ]
      }
    }
  }
}
EOF
cat << EOF | tee ca-csr.json
{
    "CN": "kubernetes",
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "names": [
        {
            "C": "CN",
            "L": "Shenzhen",
            "ST": "Shenzhen",
            "O": "k8s",
            "OU": "System"
        }
    ]
}
EOF
cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca -

生成API_SERVER证书

cat << EOF | tee server-csr.json
{
    "CN": "kubernetes",
    "hosts": [
      "10.0.0.1",
      "127.0.0.1",
      "192.168.136.150",
      "kubernetes",
      "kubernetes.default",
      "kubernetes.default.svc",
      "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster",
      "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local"
    ],
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "names": [
        {
            "C": "CN",
            "L": "Shenzhen",
            "ST": "Shenzhen",
            "O": "k8s",
            "OU": "System"
        }
    ]
}
EOF
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server

创建 Kubernetes Proxy 证书

cat << EOF | tee kube-proxy-csr.json
{
  "CN": "system:kube-proxy",
  "hosts": [],
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "L": "Shenzhen",
      "ST": "Shenzhen",
      "O": "k8s",
      "OU": "System"
    }
  ]
}
EOF
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-proxy-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-proxy

1.8、 ssh-key认证

# ssh-keygen 
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): 
Created directory '/root/.ssh'.
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): 
Enter same passphrase again: 
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:FQjjiRDp8IKGT+UDM+GbQLBzF3DqDJ+pKnMIcHGyO/o root@master
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 2048]----+
|o.==o o. ..      |
|ooB+o+ o.  .     |
|B++@o o   .      |
|=X**o    .       |
|o=O. .  S        |
|..+              |
|oo .             |
|* .              |
|o+E              |
+----[SHA256]-----+

# ssh-copy-id 192.168.136.151
# ssh-copy-id 192.168.136.152

2 、部署ETCD

解压安装文件

tar -xvf etcd-v3.3.10-linux-amd64.tar.gz
cd etcd-v3.3.10-linux-amd64/
cp etcd etcdctl /k8s/etcd/bin/
vim /k8s/etcd/cfg/etcd   
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd01"
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.136.150:2380"
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.136.150:2379"

#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.136.150:2380"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.136.150:2379"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd01=https://192.168.136.150:2380,etcd02=https://192.168.136.151:2380,etcd03=https://192.168.136.152:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"

创建 etcd的 systemd unit 文件

vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service 
[Unit]
Description=Etcd Server
After=network.target
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target

[Service]
Type=notify
EnvironmentFile=/k8s/etcd/cfg/etcd
ExecStart=/k8s/etcd/bin/etcd \
--name=${ETCD_NAME} \
--data-dir=${ETCD_DATA_DIR} \
--listen-peer-urls=${ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS} \
--listen-client-urls=${ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS},http://127.0.0.1:2379 \
--advertise-client-urls=${ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS} \
--initial-advertise-peer-urls=${ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS} \
--initial-cluster=${ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER} \
--initial-cluster-token=${ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN} \
--initial-cluster-state=new \
--cert-file=/k8s/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
--key-file=/k8s/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \
--peer-cert-file=/k8s/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
--peer-key-file=/k8s/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \
--trusted-ca-file=/k8s/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
--peer-trusted-ca-file=/k8s/etcd/ssl/ca.pem
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

拷贝证书文件(注意etcd /k8s/kubelet的文件会有覆盖,需要分开运行,然后复制。证书之间会同名,产才覆盖,要避免,否则通不过)

cp ca*pem server*pem /k8s/etcd/ssl

启动ETCD服务

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable etcd
systemctl start etcd

将启动文件、配置文件拷贝到 节点1、节点2

cd /k8s/ 
scp -r etcd 192.168.136.151:/k8s/
scp -r etcd 192.168.136.152:/k8s/
scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service  192.168.136.151:/usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service
scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service  192.168.136.152:/usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service
vim /k8s/etcd/cfg/etcd 
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd02"
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.136.151:2380"
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.136.151:2379"

#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.136.151:2380"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.136.151:2379"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd01=https://192.168.136.150:2380,etcd02=https://192.168.136.151:2380,etcd03=https://192.168.136.152:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"

vim /k8s/etcd/cfg/etcd

#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd03"
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.136.152:2380"
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.136.152:2379"

#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.136.152:2380"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.136.152:2379"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd01=https://192.168.136.150:2380,etcd02=https://192.168.136.151:2380,etcd03=https://192.168.136.152:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"

验证集群是否正常运行

./etcdctl \
--ca-file=/k8s/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
--cert-file=/k8s/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
--key-file=/k8s/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \
--endpoints="https://192.168.136.150:2379,\
https://192.168.136.151:2379,\
https://192.168.136.152:2379" cluster-health

member 5db3ea816863435 is healthy: got healthy result from https://192.168.136.152:2379
member 991b5845cecb31b is healthy: got healthy result from https://192.168.136.151:2379
member c67ee2780d64a0d4 is healthy: got healthy result from https://192.168.136.150:2379
cluster is healthy

注意: 启动ETCD集群同时启动二个节点,启动一个节点集群是无法正常启动的;

3、部署Flannel网络

向 etcd 写入集群 Pod 网段信息

cd /k8s/etcd/ssl/
/k8s/etcd/bin/etcdctl \
--ca-file=ca.pem --cert-file=server.pem \
--key-file=server-key.pem \
--endpoints="https://192.168.136.150:2379,\
https://192.168.136.151:2379,https://192.168.136.152:2379" \
set /coreos.com/network/config  '{ "Network": "172.18.0.0/16", "Backend": {"Type": "vxlan"}}'

flanneld 当前版本 (v0.10.0) 不支持 etcd v3,故使用 etcd v2 API 写入配置 key 和网段数据; 写入的 Pod 网段 ${CLUSTER_CIDR} 必须是 /16 段地址,必须与 kube-controller-manager 的 –cluster-cidr 参数值一致;

解压安装

tar -xvf flannel-v0.10.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz
mv flanneld mk-docker-opts.sh /k8s/kubernetes/bin/

配置Flannel

vim /k8s/kubernetes/cfg/flanneld
FLANNEL_OPTIONS="--etcd-endpoints=https://192.168.136.150:2379,https://192.168.136.151:2379,https://192.168.136.152:2379 -etcd-cafile=/k8s/etcd/ssl/ca.pem -etcd-certfile=/k8s/etcd/ssl/server.pem -etcd-keyfile=/k8s/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem"

创建 flanneld 的 systemd unit 文件

vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/flanneld.service
[Unit]
Description=Flanneld overlay address etcd agent
After=network-online.target network.target
Before=docker.service

[Service]
Type=notify
EnvironmentFile=/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/flanneld
ExecStart=/k8s/kubernetes/bin/flanneld --ip-masq $FLANNEL_OPTIONS
ExecStartPost=/k8s/kubernetes/bin/mk-docker-opts.sh -k DOCKER_NETWORK_OPTIONS -d /run/flannel/subnet.env
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

mk-docker-opts.sh 脚本将分配给 flanneld 的 Pod 子网网段信息写入 /run/flannel/docker 文件,后续 docker 启动时 使用这个文件中的环境变量配置 docker0 网桥; flanneld 使用系统缺省路由所在的接口与其它节点通信,对于有多个网络接口(如内网和公网)的节点,可以用 -iface 参数指定通信接口,如上面的 eth0 接口; flanneld 运行时需要 root 权限;

配置Docker启动指定子网段

vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service 
[Unit]
Description=Docker Application Container Engine
Documentation=https://docs.docker.com
After=network-online.target firewalld.service
Wants=network-online.target

[Service]
Type=notify
EnvironmentFile=/run/flannel/subnet.env
ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd $DOCKER_NETWORK_OPTIONS
ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
LimitNOFILE=infinity
LimitNPROC=infinity
LimitCORE=infinity
TimeoutStartSec=0
Delegate=yes
KillMode=process
Restart=on-failure
StartLimitBurst=3
StartLimitInterval=60s

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

配置Docker启动指定子网段

vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service 

[Unit]
Description=Docker Application Container Engine
Documentation=https://docs.docker.com
BindsTo=containerd.service
After=network-online.target firewalld.service
Wants=network-online.target

[Service]
Type=notify
EnvironmentFile=/run/flannel/subnet.env
ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd $DOCKER_NETWORK_OPTIONS
ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
LimitNOFILE=infinity
LimitNPROC=infinity
LimitCORE=infinity
TimeoutStartSec=0
Delegate=yes
KillMode=process
Restart=on-failure
StartLimitBurst=3
StartLimitInterval=60s

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

将flanneld systemd unit 文件到所有节点

cd /k8s/
scp -r kubernetes 192.168.136.151:/k8s/
scp -r kubernetes 192.168.136.152:/k8s/
scp /k8s/kubernetes/cfg/flanneld 192.168.136.152:/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/flanneld
scp /k8s/kubernetes/cfg/flanneld 192.168.136.152:/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/flanneld
scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service  192.168.136.151:/usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service 
scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service  192.168.136.152:/usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service
scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/flanneld.service  192.168.136.151:/usr/lib/systemd/system/flanneld.service 
scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/flanneld.service  192.168.136.152:/usr/lib/systemd/system/flanneld.service

启动服务

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start flanneld
systemctl enable flanneld
systemctl restart docker

查看是否生效

ip add
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 08:00:27:e3:57:a4 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.136.151/24 brd 172.16.8.255 scope global noprefixroute eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fee3:57a4/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: docker0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default 
    link/ether 02:42:cf:5d:a7:af brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.18.25.1/24 brd 172.18.25.255 scope global docker0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: flannel.1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1450 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default 
    link/ether 0e:bf:c5:3b:4d:59 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.18.25.0/32 scope global flannel.1
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::cbf:c5ff:fe3b:4d59/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

4、部署 master 节点

kubernetes master 节点运行如下组件:

kube-apiserver
kube-scheduler
kube-controller-manager
kube-scheduler 和 kube-controller-manager

可以以集群模式运行,通过 leader 选举产生一个工作进程,其它进程处于阻塞模式。

将二进制文件解压拷贝到master 节点

tar -xvf kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz 
cd kubernetes/server/bin/
cp kube-scheduler kube-apiserver kube-controller-manager kubectl /k8s/kubernetes/bin/

拷贝认证

cp *pem /k8s/kubernetes/ssl/

部署 kube-apiserver 组件

创建 TLS Bootstrapping Token

head -c 16 /dev/urandom | od -An -t x | tr -d ' '
8d1d67884006ea8494cbc42a1b67715b
vim /k8s/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv
8d1d67884006ea8494cbc42a1b67715b,kubelet-bootstrap,10001,"system:kubelet-bootstrap"

创建apiserver配置文件

vim /k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver 
KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS="--logtostderr=true \
--v=4 \
--etcd-servers=https://192.168.136.150:2379,https://192.168.136.151:2379,https://192.168.136.152:2379 \
--bind-address=192.168.136.150 \
--secure-port=6443 \
--advertise-address=192.168.136.150 \
--allow-privileged=true \
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 \
--enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,SecurityContextDeny,ServiceAccount,ResourceQuota,NodeRestriction \
--authorization-mode=RBAC,Node \
--enable-bootstrap-token-auth \
--token-auth-file=/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv \
--service-node-port-range=30000-50000 \
--tls-cert-file=/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem  \
--tls-private-key-file=/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \
--client-ca-file=/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--service-account-key-file=/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \
--etcd-cafile=/k8s/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
--etcd-certfile=/k8s/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
--etcd-keyfile=/k8s/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem"

创建 kube-apiserver systemd unit 文件

vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service 

[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes API Server
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver
ExecStart=/k8s/kubernetes/bin/kube-apiserver $KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

启动服务

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable kube-apiserver
systemctl restart kube-apiserver

查看apiserver是否运行

ps -ef |grep kube-apiserver
root      76300      1 45 08:57 ?        00:00:14 /k8s/kubernetes/bin/kube-apiserver --logtostderr=true --v=4 --etcd-servers=https://192.168.136.150:2379,https://192.168.136.151:2379,https://192.168.136.152:2379 --bind-address=192.168.136.150 --secure-port=6443 --advertise-address=172.16.9.51 --allow-privileged=true --service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 --enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,SecurityContextDeny,ServiceAccount,ResourceQuota,NodeRestriction --authorization-mode=RBAC,Node --enable-bootstrap-token-auth --token-auth-file=/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv --service-node-port-range=30000-50000 --tls-cert-file=/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem --tls-private-key-file=/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem --client-ca-file=/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem --service-account-key-file=/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem --etcd-cafile=/k8s/etcd/ssl/ca.pem --etcd-certfile=/k8s/etcd/ssl/server.pem --etcd-keyfile=/k8s/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem
root      76357   4370  0 08:58 pts/1    00:00:00 grep --color=auto kube-apiserver

部署kube-scheduler

创建kube-scheduler配置文件

vim  /k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler 

KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS="--logtostderr=true --v=4 --master=127.0.0.1:8080 --leader-elect"

–address:在 127.0.0.1:10251 端口接收 http /metrics 请求;kube-scheduler 目前还不支持接收 https 请求;

–kubeconfig:指定 kubeconfig 文件路径,kube-scheduler 使用它连接和验证 kube-apiserver;

–leader-elect=true:集群运行模式,启用选举功能;被选为 leader 的节点负责处理工作,其它节点为阻塞状态;

创建kube-scheduler systemd unit 文件

vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-scheduler.service 
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Scheduler
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler
ExecStart=/k8s/kubernetes/bin/kube-scheduler $KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

启动服务

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable kube-scheduler.service 
systemctl restart kube-scheduler.service

查看kube-scheduler是否运行

# ps -ef |grep kube-scheduler 
root      77854      1  8 09:17 ?        00:00:02 /k8s/kubernetes/bin/kube-scheduler --logtostderr=true --v=4 --master=127.0.0.1:8080 --leader-elect
root      77901   1305  0 09:18 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto kube-scheduler
# systemctl status kube-scheduler.service 
● kube-scheduler.service - Kubernetes Scheduler
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-scheduler.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since 三 2018-12-05 09:17:43 CST; 29s ago
     Docs: https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
 Main PID: 77854 (kube-scheduler)
    Tasks: 13
   Memory: 10.9M
   CGroup: /system.slice/kube-scheduler.service
           └─77854 /k8s/kubernetes/bin/kube-scheduler --logtostderr=true --v=4 --master=127.0.0.1:8080 --leader-elect

12月 05 09:17:45 master kube-scheduler[77854]: I1205 09:17:45.642632   77854 shared_informer.go:123] caches populated
12月 05 09:17:45 master kube-scheduler[77854]: I1205 09:17:45.743297   77854 shared_informer.go:123] caches populated
12月 05 09:17:45 master kube-scheduler[77854]: I1205 09:17:45.844554   77854 shared_informer.go:123] caches populated
12月 05 09:17:45 master kube-scheduler[77854]: I1205 09:17:45.945332   77854 shared_informer.go:123] caches populated
12月 05 09:17:45 master kube-scheduler[77854]: I1205 09:17:45.945434   77854 controller_utils.go:1027] Waiting for caches to sync for scheduler controller
12月 05 09:17:46 master kube-scheduler[77854]: I1205 09:17:46.046385   77854 shared_informer.go:123] caches populated
12月 05 09:17:46 master kube-scheduler[77854]: I1205 09:17:46.046427   77854 controller_utils.go:1034] Caches are synced for scheduler controller
12月 05 09:17:46 master kube-scheduler[77854]: I1205 09:17:46.046574   77854 leaderelection.go:205] attempting to acquire leader lease  kube-system/kube-scheduler...
12月 05 09:17:46 master kube-scheduler[77854]: I1205 09:17:46.063185   77854 leaderelection.go:214] successfully acquired lease kube-system/kube-scheduler
12月 05 09:17:46 master kube-scheduler[77854]: I1205 09:17:46.164498   77854 shared_informer.go:123] caches populated

部署kube-controller-manager

创建kube-controller-manager配置文件

vim /k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager

KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS="--logtostderr=true \
--v=4 \
--master=127.0.0.1:8080 \
--leader-elect=true \
--address=127.0.0.1 \
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 \
--cluster-name=kubernetes \
--cluster-signing-cert-file=/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--cluster-signing-key-file=/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem  \
--root-ca-file=/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--service-account-private-key-file=/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem"

创建kube-controller-manager systemd unit 文件

vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service 

[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Controller Manager
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager
ExecStart=/k8s/kubernetes/bin/kube-controller-manager $KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

启动服务

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable kube-controller-manager
systemctl restart kube-controller-manager

查看kube-controller-manager是否运行

# systemctl status kube-controller-manager
● kube-controller-manager.service - Kubernetes Controller Manager
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since 三 2018-12-05 09:35:00 CST; 3s ago
     Docs: https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
 Main PID: 79191 (kube-controller)
    Tasks: 8
   Memory: 15.2M
   CGroup: /system.slice/kube-controller-manager.service
           └─79191 /k8s/kubernetes/bin/kube-controller-manager --logtostderr=true --v=4 --master=127.0.0.1:8080 --leader-elect=true --address=127.0.0.1 --service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0....

12月 05 09:35:01 master kube-controller-manager[79191]: I1205 09:35:01.350599   79191 serving.go:318] Generated self-signed cert in-memory
12月 05 09:35:01 master kube-controller-manager[79191]: W1205 09:35:01.762710   79191 authentication.go:235] No authentication-kubeconfig provided in order to lookup...on't work.
12月 05 09:35:01 master kube-controller-manager[79191]: W1205 09:35:01.762767   79191 authentication.go:238] No authentication-kubeconfig provided in order to lookup...on't work.
12月 05 09:35:01 master kube-controller-manager[79191]: W1205 09:35:01.762792   79191 authorization.go:146] No authorization-kubeconfig provided, so SubjectAcce***ev...on't work.
12月 05 09:35:01 master kube-controller-manager[79191]: I1205 09:35:01.762827   79191 controllermanager.go:151] Version: v1.13.0
12月 05 09:35:01 master kube-controller-manager[79191]: I1205 09:35:01.763446   79191 secure_serving.go:116] Serving securely on [::]:10257
12月 05 09:35:01 master kube-controller-manager[79191]: I1205 09:35:01.763925   79191 deprecated_insecure_serving.go:51] Serving insecurely on 127.0.0.1:10252
12月 05 09:35:01 master kube-controller-manager[79191]: I1205 09:35:01.764443   79191 leaderelection.go:205] attempting to acquire leader lease  kube-system/kube-con...manager...
12月 05 09:35:01 master kube-controller-manager[79191]: I1205 09:35:01.770798   79191 leaderelection.go:289] lock is held by master_fab3fbe9-f82d-11e8-9140...et expired
12月 05 09:35:01 master kube-controller-manager[79191]: I1205 09:35:01.770817   79191 leaderelection.go:210] failed to acquire lease kube-system/kube-controller-manager
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.

# ps -ef |grep kube-controller-manager
root      79191      1 10 09:35 ?        00:00:01 /k8s/kubernetes/bin/kube-controller-manager --logtostderr=true --v=4 --master=127.0.0.1:8080 --leader-elect=true --address=127.0.0.1 --service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 --cluster-name=kubernetes --cluster-signing-cert-file=/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem --cluster-signing-key-file=/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem --root-ca-file=/k8s/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem --service-account-private-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem
root      79220   1305  0 09:35 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto kube-controller-manager

将可执行文件路/k8s/kubernetes/ 添加到 PATH 变量中

vim /etc/profile
PATH=/k8s/kubernetes/bin:$PATH:$HOME/bin
source /etc/profile

查看master集群状态

# kubectl get cs,nodes
NAME                                 STATUS    MESSAGE             ERROR
componentstatus/scheduler            Healthy   ok                  
componentstatus/etcd-2               Healthy   {"health":"true"}   
componentstatus/etcd-1               Healthy   {"health":"true"}   
componentstatus/etcd-0               Healthy   {"health":"true"}   
componentstatus/controller-manager   Healthy   ok

5、部署node 节点

kubernetes work 节点运行如下组件:

docker 前面已经部署
kubelet
kube-proxy

部署 kubelet 组件

kublet 运行在每个 worker 节点上,接收 kube-apiserver 发送的请求,管理 Pod 容器,执行交互式命令,如exec、run、logs 等; kublet 启动时自动向 kube-apiserver 注册节点信息,内置的 cadvisor 统计和监控节点的资源使用情况; 为确保安全,本文档只开启接收 https 请求的安全端口,对请求进行认证和授权,拒绝未授权的访问(如apiserver、heapster)。

将kubelet 二进制文件拷贝node节点

cp kubelet kube-proxy /k8s/kubernetes/bin/
scp kubelet kube-proxy 192.168.136.151:/k8s/kubernetes/bin/
scp kubelet kube-proxy 192.168.136.152:/k8s/kubernetes/bin/

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------2019-02-22 -----------------------

创建 kubelet bootstrap kubeconfig 文件(注意environment.sh会云找*.pem文件,需要放在*.pem文件的路径下,否则会报错)

vim  environment.sh
# 创建kubelet bootstrapping kubeconfig 
BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN=8d1d67884006ea8494cbc42a1b67715b
KUBE_APISERVER="https://192.168.136.150:6443"
# 设置集群参数
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
  --certificate-authority=./ca.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
  --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
# 设置客户端认证参数
kubectl config set-credentials kubelet-bootstrap \
  --token=${BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN} \
  --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
# 设置上下文参数
kubectl config set-context default \
  --cluster=kubernetes \
  --user=kubelet-bootstrap \
  --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
# 设置默认上下文
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
#----------------------

# 创建kube-proxy kubeconfig文件
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
  --certificate-authority=./ca.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
  --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig  
kubectl config set-credentials kube-proxy \
  --client-certificate=./kube-proxy.pem \
  --client-key=./kube-proxy-key.pem \
  --embed-certs=true \
  --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-context default \
  --cluster=kubernetes \
  --user=kube-proxy \
  --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig

将bootstrap.kubeconfig kube-proxy.kubeconfig 文件拷贝到所有 nodes节点
cp bootstrap.kubeconfig kube-proxy.kubeconfig /k8s/kubernetes/cfg/
scp bootstrap.kubeconfig kube-proxy.kubeconfig 192.168.136.151:/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/
scp bootstrap.kubeconfig kube-proxy.kubeconfig 192.168.136.152:/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/

创建kubelet 参数配置文件拷贝到所有 nodes节点(注意:address、hostname-override、 kube-proxy都改成本地的,否则启动时找不到node)

1、创建 kubelet 参数配置模板文件:

vim /k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.config
kind: KubeletConfiguration
apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
address: 192.168.136.150
port: 10250
readOnlyPort: 10255
cgroupDriver: cgroupfs
clusterDNS: ["10.0.0.2"]
clusterDomain: cluster.local.
failSwapOn: false
authentication:
  anonymous:
    enabled: true

2、创建kubelet配置文件

vim /k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet
KUBELET_OPTS="--logtostderr=true \
--v=4 \
--hostname-override=192.168.136.150 \
--kubeconfig=/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig \
--bootstrap-kubeconfig=/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/bootstrap.kubeconfig \
--config=/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.config \
--cert-dir=/k8s/kubernetes/ssl \
--pod-infra-container-image=registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google-containers/pause-amd64:3.0"

3、创建kubelet systemd unit 文件

vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service 
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kubelet
After=docker.service
Requires=docker.service
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet
ExecStart=/k8s/kubernetes/bin/kubelet $KUBELET_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
KillMode=process
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

将kubelet-bootstrap用户绑定到系统集群角色

kubectl create clusterrolebinding kubelet-bootstrap \
  --clusterrole=system:node-bootstrapper \
  --user=kubelet-bootstrap

启动服务

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable kubelet
systemctl restart kubelet

approve kubelet CSR 请求 可以手动或自动 approve CSR 请求。推荐使用自动的方式,因为从 v1.8 版本开始,可以自动轮转approve csr 后生成的证书。 手动 approve CSR 请求

### 查看 CSR 列表:
# kubectl get csr
NAME                                                   AGE    REQUESTOR           CONDITION
node-csr-An1VRgJ7FEMMF_uyy6iPjyF5ahuLx6tJMbk2SMthwLs   39m    kubelet-bootstrap   Pending
node-csr-dWPIyP_vD1w5gBS4iTZ6V5SJwbrdMx05YyybmbW3U5s   5m5s   kubelet-bootstrap   Pending

# kubectl certificate approve node-csr-An1VRgJ7FEMMF_uyy6iPjyF5ahuLx6tJMbk2SMthwLs
certificatesigningrequest.certificates.k8s.io/node-csr-An1VRgJ7FEMMF_uyy6iPjyF5ahuLx6tJMbk2SMthwLs 

# kubectl certificate approve node-csr-dWPIyP_vD1w5gBS4iTZ6V5SJwbrdMx05YyybmbW3U5s  
certificatesigningrequest.certificates.k8s.io/node-csr-dWPIyP_vD1w5gBS4iTZ6V5SJwbrdMx05YyybmbW3U5s approved
[
# kubectl get csr
NAME                                                   AGE     REQUESTOR           CONDITION
node-csr-An1VRgJ7FEMMF_uyy6iPjyF5ahuLx6tJMbk2SMthwLs   41m     kubelet-bootstrap   Approved,Issued
node-csr-dWPIyP_vD1w5gBS4iTZ6V5SJwbrdMx05YyybmbW3U5s   7m32s   kubelet-bootstrap   Approved,Issued

Requesting User:请求 CSR 的用户,kube-apiserver 对它进行认证和授权; Subject:请求签名的证书信息; 证书的 CN 是 system:node:kube-node2, Organization 是 system:nodes,kube-apiserver 的 Node 授权模式会授予该证书的相关权限;

查看集群状态

# kubectl get nodes
NAME           STATUS   ROLES    AGE   VERSION
192.168.136.150   Ready    <none>   39m   v1.13.0
192.168.136.151   Ready    <none>   25s   v1.13.0
192.168.136.152   Ready    <none>   13s   v1.13.0

部署 kube-proxy 组件

kube-proxy 运行在所有 node节点上,它监听 apiserver 中 service 和 Endpoint 的变化情况,创建路由规则来进行服务负载均衡。

创建 kube-proxy 配置文件

vim /k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy
KUBE_PROXY_OPTS="--logtostderr=true \
--v=4 \
--hostname-override=192.168.136.150 \
--cluster-cidr=10.0.0.0/24 \
--kubeconfig=/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.kubeconfig"

bindAddress: 监听地址; clientConnection.kubeconfig: 连接 apiserver 的 kubeconfig 文件; clusterCIDR: kube-proxy 根据 –cluster-cidr 判断集群内部和外部流量,指定 –cluster-cidr 或 –masquerade-all 选项后 kube-proxy 才会对访问 Service IP 的请求做 SNAT; hostnameOverride: 参数值必须与 kubelet 的值一致,否则 kube-proxy 启动后会找不到该 Node,从而不会创建任何 ipvs 规则; mode: 使用 ipvs 模式;

 

创建kube-proxy systemd unit 文件

vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service 

[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Proxy
After=network.target

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy
ExecStart=/k8s/kubernetes/bin/kube-proxy $KUBE_PROXY_OPTS
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

启动服务

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable kube-proxy
systemctl restart kube-proxy
# systemctl status kube-proxy
● kube-proxy.service - Kubernetes Proxy
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since 三 2018-12-05 22:49:31 CST; 7s ago
 Main PID: 13848 (kube-proxy)
    Tasks: 0
   Memory: 11.1M
   CGroup: /system.slice/kube-proxy.service
           ‣ 13848 /k8s/kubernetes/bin/kube-proxy --logtostderr=true --v=4 --hostname-override=192.168.136.150 --cluster-cidr=10.0.0.0/24 --kubeconfig=/k8s/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.kubecon...

12月 05 22:49:31 master kube-proxy[13848]: I1205 22:49:31.989376   13848 iptables.go:391] running i

集群状态

打node 或者master 节点的标签

kubectl label node 192.168.136.150  node-role.kubernetes.io/master='master'
kubectl label node 192.168.136.151  node-role.kubernetes.io/node='node'
kubectl label node 192.168.136.152  node-role.kubernetes.io/node='node'
# kubectl get node,cs
NAME               STATUS   ROLES    AGE    VERSION
node/192.168.136.150   Ready    master   137m   v1.13.0
node/192.168.136.151   Ready    node     114m   v1.13.0
node/192.168.136.152   Ready    node     93m    v1.13.0

NAME                                 STATUS    MESSAGE             ERROR
componentstatus/controller-manager   Healthy   ok                  
componentstatus/scheduler            Healthy   ok                  
componentstatus/etcd-0               Healthy   {"health":"true"}   
componentstatus/etcd-1               Healthy   {"health":"true"}   
componentstatus/etcd-2               Healthy   {"health":"true"}
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