UDP套接字编程

   与面向连接的协议相比，面向无连接协议极为不同。其中一个重要的不同点就是客户端与服务器之间不必建立连接。

    对于UDP套接字编程而言，服务器创建套接字后，调用bind()函数将套接字与准备接收数据的接口绑定在一起。和TCP编程不同的是，应用程序不必调用listen()和accept()函数等待客户端的连接。而只需要等待接收数据了。开发UDP套接字应用程序，有两个重要的函数sendto()和recvfrom()。服务器采用recvfrom()来接收来自客户端的数据报，并获得客户端的端地址，之后向客户端发送数据时，采用sendto()函数。

    以下是一个服务器从客户端接收消息，并回送一个消息的算法过程，实现如下：

    #include <stdio.h>
    #include <winsock.h>

    #define CPORT 1520
    #define VERSIONRE MAKEWORD(2, 2)

    int main()
   {
        int s;  //define two sockets
        int nError;
        WSADATA wsadata;
        struct sockaddr_in sin, clientaddr;  //define an address
        int retVal;
        char buf[64];
        int addrLen;

        addrLen = sizeof(clientaddr);
        memset(buf,64,0);
        nError = WSAStartup(VERSIONRE, &wsadata);
        if (nError != 0)
       {
           printf("None avaliable DLL!\n");
           return -1;
       }
 
       sin.sin_family = AF_INET;
       sin.sin_port = htons((unsigned short)CPORT);
       sin.sin_addr.S_un.S_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
 
       s = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_DGRAM,0);//make a socket
       if (s == INVALID_SOCKET)
       {
            printf("socket failed!\n");
            closesocket(s);
            WSACleanup();
            return -1;
       }
 
       retVal = bind(s, (struct sockaddr*)(&sin), sizeof(sin));//bind socket to address
       if (retVal == SOCKET_ERROR)
       {
            printf("bind failed!\n");
            closesocket(s);
            WSACleanup();
            return -1;
       }

        retVal = recvfrom(s, buf, 64, 0, (struct sockaddr*)(&clientaddr),&addrLen);
        if (retVal == SOCKET_ERROR)
       {
             printf("recv failed!\n");
             closesocket(s);
             WSACleanup();
             return -1;
       }
       buf[retVal] = 0;
       printf("%s\n",buf);

       memset(buf, 64, 0);
       strcpy(buf,"Hello!\n");
       retVal = sendto(s, buf, 64, 0, (struct sockaddr*)(&clientaddr),sizeof(clientaddr));
       if (retVal == SOCKET_ERROR)
       {
            printf("send failed!\n");
            closesocket(s);
            WSACleanup();
            return -1;
      }
 

      closesocket(s);//close socket
 
      WSACleanup();
      return 0;
 }

 

    对于客户端来说，创建套接字后不必与服务器建立连接，而是直接向服务器发送数据。

    #include <stdio.h>
    #include <winsock.h>

    #define CPORT 1520
    #define VERSIONRE MAKEWORD(2, 2)

    int main()
   {
        int s;  //define a socket
        int nError;
        WSADATA wsadata;
        struct sockaddr_in sin;  //define an address
        int  sendval;
        char buf[64];
        int addrLen;

        addrLen = sizeof(sin);
        memset(buf, 64, 0);
        strcpy(buf, "MyUDP");
        nError = WSAStartup(VERSIONRE, &wsadata);
        if (nError != 0)
        {
             printf("wsastartup failed!\n");
             return -1;
        }

        sin.sin_family = AF_INET;
        sin.sin_port = htons((unsigned short)CPORT);
        sin.sin_addr.S_un.S_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");

        s = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_DGRAM,0);//make a socket
        if (s == INVALID_SOCKET)
       {
            printf("socket failed!\n");
            WSACleanup();
            return -1;
       }

       sendval = sendto(s, buf, strlen(buf), 0, (struct sockaddr *)(&sin), sizeof(sin));

       if (sendval == SOCKET_ERROR)
       {
           printf("send failed!\n");
           closesocket(s);
           WSACleanup();
           return -1;
      }

      sendval = recvfrom(s, buf, 64, 0, (struct sockaddr*)(&sin),&addrLen);
     if (sendval == SOCKET_ERROR)
     {
           printf("recv failed!\n");
           closesocket(s);
           WSACleanup();
           return -1;
     }
      printf("%s\n",buf);

      closesocket(s);//close socket
      WSACleanup();
      return 0;
  }