一.定义:
消息队列与命名管道有许多类似之处,但少了在打开和关闭管道时的复杂性。但使用消息队列并未解决我们在使用命名管道时遇到的问题,比如管道满时的阻塞问题。
与命名管道相比,消息队列的优势在于,它独立于发送和接收进程而存在,这消除了在同步命名管道的打开和关闭时可能产生的一些困难。
二.消息队列机制:
1.msgget函数:
(1)功能:创建和访问一个消息队列。
(2)原型:
int msgget(key_t key, int msgflg);
2.msgsnd函数:
(1)功能:把消息添加到消息队列。
(2)原型:
int msgsnd(int msgid, const void *msg_ptr, size_t msg_sz, int msgflg);
3.msgrcv函数:
(1)功能:从一个消息队列中获取消息。
(2)原型:
int msgrcv(int msgid, void *msg_ptr, size_t msg_sz, long int msgtype, int msgflg);
三.例子:
由两个程序构成,msg1.c用于接收消息,msg2.c用于发送消息。
1.msg1.c:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/msg.h>
struct my_msg_st {
long int my_msg_type;
char some_text[BUFSIZ];
};
int main() {
int running = 1;
int msgid;
struct my_msg_st some_data;
long int msg_to_receive = 0;
msgid = msgget((key_t)1234, 0666 | IPC_CREAT);
if (msgid == -1) {
fprintf(stderr, "msgget failed with error: %d\n", errno);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
while (running) {
if (msgrcv(msgid, (void *)&some_data, BUFSIZ, msg_to_receive, 0) == -1) {
fprintf(stderr, "msgrcv failed with error: %d\n", errno);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
printf("You wrote %s\n", some_data.some_text);
if (strncmp(some_data.some_text, "end", 3) == 0) {
running = 0;
}
}
if (msgctl(msgid, IPC_RMID, 0) == -1) {
fprintf(stderr, "msgrcv failed with error: %d\n", errno);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}
2.msg2.c:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <sys/msg.h>
#define MAX_TEXT 512
struct my_msg_st {
long int my_msg_type;
char some_text[MAX_TEXT];
};
int main() {
int running = 1;
struct my_msg_st some_data;
int msgid;
char buffer[BUFSIZ];
msgid = msgget((key_t)1234, 0666 | IPC_CREAT);
if (msgid == -1) {
fprintf(stderr, "msgget failed ");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
while (running) {
printf("Enter some text: ");
fgets(buffer, BUFSIZ, stdin);
some_data.my_msg_type = 1;
strcpy(some_data.some_text, buffer);
if (msgsnd(msgid, (void *)&some_data, MAX_TEXT, 0) == -1) {
fprintf(stderr, "msgsnd failed\n");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
if (strncmp(buffer, "end", 3) == 0) {
running = 0;
}
}
exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}