数字转换为字符串
(1)C语言提供了几个标准库函数,可以将任意类型(整型、长整型、浮点型等)的数字转换为字符串。以下是用itoa()函数将整数转换为字符串的一个例子:
- # include <stdio. h>
- # include <stdlib. h>
- void main (void)
- {
- int num = 100;
- char str[25];
- itoa(num, str, 10);
- printf("The number 'num' is %d and the string 'str' is %s. \n" ,
- num, str);
- }
- //itoa()函数有3个参数:第一个参数是要转换的数字,第二个参数是要写入转换结果的目标字符串,第三个参数是转移数字时所用的基数。在上例中,转换基数为10。
itoa() 将整型值转换为字符串
ltoa() 将长整型值转换为字符串
ultoa() 将无符号长整型值转换为字符串
(2)上述函数与ANSI标准是不兼容的。能将整数转换为字符串而且与ANSI标准兼容的方法是使用sprintf()函数,请看下例:
- int H, M, S;
- string time_str;
- H=seconds/3600;
- M=(seconds%3600)/60;
- S=(seconds%3600)%60;
- char ctime[10];
- sprintf(ctime, "%d:%d:%d", H, M, S); // 将整数转换成字符串
- time_str=ctime; // 结果
在将浮点型数字转换为字符串时,需要使用另一组函数,以下是fcvt()函数将浮点型值转换为字符串的一个例子:
- # include <stdio. h>
- # include <stdlib. h>
- void main (void)
- {
- double num = 12345.678;
- char * sir;
- int dec_pl, sign, ndigits = 3; /* Keep 3 digits of precision. * /
- str = fcvt(num, ndigits, &dec-pl, &sign); /* Convert the float
- to a string. * /
- printf("Original number; %f\n" , num) ; /* Print the original
- floating-point
- value. * /
- printf ("Converted string; %s\n",str); /* Print the converted
- string's value. * /
- printf ("Decimal place: %d\n" , dec-pi) ; /* Print the location of
- the decimal point. * /
- printf ("Sign: %d\n" , sign) ; /* Print the sign.
- 0 = positive,
- 1 = negative. * /
- }
(3)C++ stringstream也能完成这样的功能:
- #include <sstream>
- #Include <string>
- string num2str(double i)
- {
- stringstream ss;
- ss<<i;
- return ss.str();
- }
将字符串转换为数字
(1)使用C库里面提供的函数
atoi(将字符串转换成整型数)
atol(将字符串转换成长整型数)
strtod(将字符串转换成浮点数)
strtol(将字符串转换成长整型数)
strtoul(将字符串转换成无符号长整型数)
- #include<stdio.h>
- void main()
- {
- char *a="-100.23";
- char *b="200e-2";
- float c;
- c=atof(a)+atof(b);
- printf("c=%.2f\n",c);
- }
(2)用sscanf函数
- char str[] = "15.455";
- int i;
- float fp;
- sscanf( str, "%d", &i ); // 将字符串转换成整数 i = 15
- sscanf( str, "%f", &fp ); // 将字符串转换成浮点数 fp = 15.455000
- //打印
- printf( "Integer: = %d ", i+1 );
- printf( "Real: = %f ", fp+1 );
- return 0;
(3)stringsteam
- int str2num(string s)
- {
- int num;
- stringstream ss(s);
- ss>>num;
- return num;
- }