本文主要讲解两点:
1.怎么样声明一个bean
2.通过构造器注入bean
1. 怎么样声明一个bean?
1) 创建一个类:
package spring.ch1.topic5;
public class Song {
private String name;
public Song(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Song() {
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "the song:" + name;
}
}
2)配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.1.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.1.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-3.1.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa-1.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">
<bean id="song"
class="spring.ch1.topic5.Song">
<constructor-arg value="there will be" />
</bean>
</beans>
这一句表示往构造器里面注入参数。
2.怎样通过构造器注入Bean?
下面以厨师制作蛋糕为例子。
(1)创建厨师类,在构建厨师的对象时,我们把需要制作的蛋糕的对象也传进去。
package spring.ch1.topic5;
public class Chief {
private Cake cake = null;
public Chief(Cake cake) {//构造器注入的地方
this.cake = cake;
}
public void makeOneCake() {
System.out.println(cake.toString());
}
}
(2)创建蛋糕类,通过final来标识每一个对象的id
package spring.ch1.topic5;
public class Cake {
private final int id = index++;
private static int index = 0;
@Override
public String toString() {
return "create the cake,its id:" + id;
}
}
(3)配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.1.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.1.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-3.1.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa-1.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">
<bean id="cake"
class="spring.ch1.topic5.Cake">
</bean>
<bean id="chief"
class="spring.ch1.topic5.Chief">
<constructor-arg ref="cake"/>
</bean>
</beans>
配置文件这里主要通过bean标签来配置:
在Bean标签里面还可以写入constructor-arg 标签,这里就是通过构造器注入,他里面有两个参数,一个是ref,引用上面某个bean;一个是value,直接写入值(比如string类型数据)。
(4)测试类
package spring.ch1.topic5;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = {
"/spring/ch1/topic5/ApplicationContext-test.xml" })
public class ChiefTest {
@Autowired
private ApplicationContext applicationContext;
@Test
public void testChief() {
Chief chief = applicationContext.getBean(Chief.class);
chief.makeOneCake();
}
}
运行结果:
create the cake,its id:0