【Java】Spring 属性注入 @Autowired 原理

最新推荐文章于 2023-09-08 10:26:07 发布

绝世好阿狸

最新推荐文章于 2023-09-08 10:26:07 发布

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分类专栏： java spring 文章标签： spring @autowired

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/u010900754/article/details/95798176

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主要分两块，一是xml文件定义的bean，另一个是@Autowired。

1. xml文件

bean定义的读取

入口还是在bean定义的解析与注册上，这里省略前面部分直接看XmlBeanDefinitionReader的解析部分：

	@Override
	public int loadBeanDefinitions(Resource resource) throws BeanDefinitionStoreException {
		return loadBeanDefinitions(new EncodedResource(resource));
	}

之后经过了一些列的调用到了DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader类：

	@Override
	public void registerBeanDefinitions(Document doc, XmlReaderContext readerContext) {
		this.readerContext = readerContext;
		logger.debug("Loading bean definitions");
		Element root = doc.getDocumentElement();
		doRegisterBeanDefinitions(root);
	}

之后进入到：

protected void parseBeanDefinitions(Element root, BeanDefinitionParserDelegate delegate) {
		if (delegate.isDefaultNamespace(root)) {
			NodeList nl = root.getChildNodes();
			for (int i = 0; i < nl.getLength(); i++) {
				Node node = nl.item(i);
				if (node instanceof Element) {
					Element ele = (Element) node;
					if (delegate.isDefaultNamespace(ele)) {
						parseDefaultElement(ele, delegate);
					}
					else {
						delegate.parseCustomElement(ele);
					}
				}
			}
		}
		else {
			delegate.parseCustomElement(root);
		}
	}

bean定义属于DefaultElement，所以会走到：

private void parseDefaultElement(Element ele, BeanDefinitionParserDelegate delegate) {
		if (delegate.nodeNameEquals(ele, IMPORT_ELEMENT)) {
			importBeanDefinitionResource(ele);
		}
		else if (delegate.nodeNameEquals(ele, ALIAS_ELEMENT)) {
			processAliasRegistration(ele);
		}
		else if (delegate.nodeNameEquals(ele, BEAN_ELEMENT)) {
			processBeanDefinition(ele, delegate);
		}
		else if (delegate.nodeNameEquals(ele, NESTED_BEANS_ELEMENT)) {
			// recurse
			doRegisterBeanDefinitions(ele);
		}
	}

public static final String BEAN_ELEMENT = "bean";

这里只看bean定义的解析部分：

protected void processBeanDefinition(Element ele, BeanDefinitionParserDelegate delegate) {
		BeanDefinitionHolder bdHolder = delegate.parseBeanDefinitionElement(ele);
		if (bdHolder != null) {
			bdHolder = delegate.decorateBeanDefinitionIfRequired(ele, bdHolder);
			try {
				// Register the final decorated instance.
				BeanDefinitionReaderUtils.registerBeanDefinition(bdHolder, getReaderContext().getRegistry());
			}
			catch (BeanDefinitionStoreException ex) {
				getReaderContext().error("Failed to register bean definition with name '" +
						bdHolder.getBeanName() + "'", ele, ex);
			}
			// Send registration event.
			getReaderContext().fireComponentRegistered(new BeanComponentDefinition(bdHolder));
		}
	}

	public BeanDefinitionHolder parseBeanDefinitionElement(Element ele) {
		return parseBeanDefinitionElement(ele, null);
	}

public BeanDefinitionHolder parseBeanDefinitionElement(Element ele, BeanDefinition containingBean) {
		String id = ele.getAttribute(ID_ATTRIBUTE);
		String nameAttr = ele.getAttribute(NAME_ATTRIBUTE);

		List<String> aliases = new ArrayList<String>();
		if (StringUtils.hasLength(nameAttr)) {
			String[] nameArr = StringUtils.tokenizeToStringArray(nameAttr, MULTI_VALUE_ATTRIBUTE_DELIMITERS);
			aliases.addAll(Arrays.asList(nameArr));
		}

		String beanName = id;
		if (!StringUtils.hasText(beanName) && !aliases.isEmpty()) {
			beanName = aliases.remove(0);
			if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
				logger.debug("No XML 'id' specified - using '" + beanName +
						"' as bean name and " + aliases + " as aliases");
			}
		}

		if (containingBean == null) {
			checkNameUniqueness(beanName, aliases, ele);
		}

		AbstractBeanDefinition beanDefinition = parseBeanDefinitionElement(ele, beanName, containingBean);
		if (beanDefinition != null) {
			if (!StringUtils.hasText(beanName)) {
				try {
					if (containingBean != null) {
						beanName = BeanDefinitionReaderUtils.generateBeanName(
								beanDefinition, this.readerContext.getRegistry(), true);
					}
					else {
						beanName = this.readerContext.generateBeanName(beanDefinition);
						// Register an alias for the plain bean class name, if still possible,
						// if the generator returned the class name plus a suffix.
						// This is expected for Spring 1.2/2.0 backwards compatibility.
						String beanClassName = beanDefinition.getBeanClassName();
						if (beanClassName != null &&
								beanName.startsWith(beanClassName) && beanName.length() > beanClassName.length() &&
								!this.readerContext.getRegistry().isBeanNameInUse(beanClassName)) {
							aliases.add(beanClassName);
						}
					}
					if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
						logger.debug("Neither XML 'id' nor 'name' specified - " +
								"using generated bean name [" + beanName + "]");
					}
				}
				catch (Exception ex) {
					error(ex.getMessage(), ele);
					return null;
				}
			}
			String[] aliasesArray = StringUtils.toStringArray(aliases);
			return new BeanDefinitionHolder(beanDefinition, beanName, aliasesArray);
		}

		return null;
	}

会走到下面的方法解析bean：

public AbstractBeanDefinition parseBeanDefinitionElement(
			Element ele, String beanName, BeanDefinition containingBean) {

		this.parseState.push(new BeanEntry(beanName));

		String className = null;
		if (ele.hasAttribute(CLASS_ATTRIBUTE)) {
			className = ele.getAttribute(CLASS_ATTRIBUTE).trim();
		}

		try {
			String parent = null;
			if (ele.hasAttribute(PARENT_ATTRIBUTE)) {
				parent = ele.getAttribute(PARENT_ATTRIBUTE);
			}
			AbstractBeanDefinition bd = createBeanDefinition(className, parent);

			parseBeanDefinitionAttributes(ele, beanName, containingBean, bd);
			bd.setDescription(DomUtils.getChildElementValueByTagName(ele, DESCRIPTION_ELEMENT));

			parseMetaElements(ele, bd);
			parseLookupOverrideSubElements(ele, bd.getMethodOverrides());
			parseReplacedMethodSubElements(ele, bd.getMethodOverrides());

			parseConstructorArgElements(ele, bd);
			parsePropertyElements(ele, bd);
			parseQualifierElements(ele, bd);

			bd.setResource(this.readerContext.getResource());
			bd.setSource(extractSource(ele));

			return bd;
		}
		catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
			error("Bean class [" + className + "] not found", ele, ex);
		}
		catch (NoClassDefFoundError err) {
			error("Class that bean class [" + className + "] depends on not found", ele, err);
		}
		catch (Throwable ex) {
			error("Unexpected failure during bean definition parsing", ele, ex);
		}
		finally {
			this.parseState.pop();
		}

		return null;
	}

重点看下解析bean属性：

public void parsePropertyElements(Element beanEle, BeanDefinition bd) {
		NodeList nl = beanEle.getChildNodes();
		for (int i = 0; i < nl.getLength(); i++) {
			Node node = nl.item(i);
			if (isCandidateElement(node) && nodeNameEquals(node, PROPERTY_ELEMENT)) {
				parsePropertyElement((Element) node, bd);
			}
		}
	}
/**
	 * Parse a property element.
	 */
	public void parsePropertyElement(Element ele, BeanDefinition bd) {
		String propertyName = ele.getAttribute(NAME_ATTRIBUTE);
		if (!StringUtils.hasLength(propertyName)) {
			error("Tag 'property' must have a 'name' attribute", ele);
			return;
		}
		this.parseState.push(new PropertyEntry(propertyName));
		try {
			if (bd.getPropertyValues().contains(propertyName)) {
				error("Multiple 'property' definitions for property '" + propertyName + "'", ele);
				return;
			}
			Object val = parsePropertyValue(ele, bd, propertyName);
			PropertyValue pv = new PropertyValue(propertyName, val);
			parseMetaElements(ele, pv);
			pv.setSource(extractSource(ele));
			bd.getPropertyValues().addPropertyValue(pv);
		}
		finally {
			this.parseState.pop();
		}
	}

解析出的属性放入了BeanDefinition中，至此xml的bean定义的解析结束。

bean属性注入

对于高级容器而言，是在refresh中的最后几步，主动调用getBean创建bean，最终会走入到AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory#doCreateBean方法中：

if (instanceWrapper == null) {
			instanceWrapper = createBeanInstance(beanName, mbd, args);
		}
		final Object bean = (instanceWrapper != null ? instanceWrapper.getWrappedInstance() : null);
		Class<?> beanType = (instanceWrapper != null ? instanceWrapper.getWrappedClass() : null);

		// Allow post-processors to modify the merged bean definition.
		synchronized (mbd.postProcessingLock) {
			if (!mbd.postProcessed) {
				applyMergedBeanDefinitionPostProcessors(mbd, beanType, beanName);
				mbd.postProcessed = true;
			}
		}

		// Eagerly cache singletons to be able to resolve circular references
		// even when triggered by lifecycle interfaces like BeanFactoryAware.
		boolean earlySingletonExposure = (mbd.isSingleton() && this.allowCircularReferences &&
				isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(beanName));
		if (earlySingletonExposure) {
			if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
				logger.debug("Eagerly caching bean '" + beanName +
						"' to allow for resolving potential circular references");
			}
			addSingletonFactory(beanName, new ObjectFactory<Object>() {
				@Override
				public Object getObject() throws BeansException {
					return getEarlyBeanReference(beanName, mbd, bean);
				}
			});
		}

		// Initialize the bean instance.
		Object exposedObject = bean;
		try {
			populateBean(beanName, mbd, instanceWrapper);
			if (exposedObject != null) {
				exposedObject = initializeBean(beanName, exposedObject, mbd);
			}
		}

这里的populate就是注入属性的地方：

protected void populateBean(String beanName, RootBeanDefinition mbd, BeanWrapper bw) {
		PropertyValues pvs = mbd.getPropertyValues();

		if (bw == null) {
			if (!pvs.isEmpty()) {
				throw new BeanCreationException(
						mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName, "Cannot apply property values to null instance");
			}
			else {
				// Skip property population phase for null instance.
				return;
			}
		}

		// Give any InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessors the opportunity to modify the
		// state of the bean before properties are set. This can be used, for example,
		// to support styles of field injection.
		boolean continueWithPropertyPopulation = true;

		if (!mbd.isSynthetic() && hasInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessors()) {
			for (BeanPostProcessor bp : getBeanPostProcessors()) {
				if (bp instanceof InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor) {
					InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor ibp = (InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor) bp;
					if (!ibp.postProcessAfterInstantiation(bw.getWrappedInstance(), beanName)) {
						continueWithPropertyPopulation = false;
						break;
					}
				}
			}
		}

		if (!continueWithPropertyPopulation) {
			return;
		}

		if (mbd.getResolvedAutowireMode() == RootBeanDefinition.AUTOWIRE_BY_NAME ||
				mbd.getResolvedAutowireMode() == RootBeanDefinition.AUTOWIRE_BY_TYPE) {
			MutablePropertyValues newPvs = new MutablePropertyValues(pvs);

			// Add property values based on autowire by name if applicable.
			if (mbd.getResolvedAutowireMode() == RootBeanDefinition.AUTOWIRE_BY_NAME) {
				autowireByName(beanName, mbd, bw, newPvs);
			}

			// Add property values based on autowire by type if applicable.
			if (mbd.getResolvedAutowireMode() == RootBeanDefinition.AUTOWIRE_BY_TYPE) {
				autowireByType(beanName, mbd, bw, newPvs);
			}

			pvs = newPvs;
		}

		boolean hasInstAwareBpps = hasInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessors();
		boolean needsDepCheck = (mbd.getDependencyCheck() != RootBeanDefinition.DEPENDENCY_CHECK_NONE);

		if (hasInstAwareBpps || needsDepCheck) {
			PropertyDescriptor[] filteredPds = filterPropertyDescriptorsForDependencyCheck(bw, mbd.allowCaching);
			if (hasInstAwareBpps) {
				for (BeanPostProcessor bp : getBeanPostProcessors()) {
					if (bp instanceof InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor) {
						InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor ibp = (InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor) bp;
						pvs = ibp.postProcessPropertyValues(pvs, filteredPds, bw.getWrappedInstance(), beanName);
						if (pvs == null) {
							return;
						}
					}
				}
			}
			if (needsDepCheck) {
				checkDependencies(beanName, mbd, filteredPds, pvs);
			}
		}

		applyPropertyValues(beanName, mbd, bw, pvs);
	}

该方法大致是通过byType或者byName策略，先找到各个属性所依赖的bean，然后再注入，这个过程是一个不断递归的过程。

其中的byName方式比较简单，这里之看下byName：

protected void autowireByName(
			String beanName, AbstractBeanDefinition mbd, BeanWrapper bw, MutablePropertyValues pvs) {

		String[] propertyNames = unsatisfiedNonSimpleProperties(mbd, bw);
		for (String propertyName : propertyNames) {
			if (containsBean(propertyName)) {
				Object bean = getBean(propertyName);
				pvs.add(propertyName, bean);
				registerDependentBean(propertyName, beanName);
				if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
					logger.debug("Added autowiring by name from bean name '" + beanName +
							"' via property '" + propertyName + "' to bean named '" + propertyName + "'");
				}
			}
			else {
				if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
					logger.trace("Not autowiring property '" + propertyName + "' of bean '" + beanName +
							"' by name: no matching bean found");
				}
			}
		}
	}

首先根据当前bean定义，拿到属性名，然后从bean工厂里取这个bean，这就是一个递归调用（别忘了当前bean也是通过getBean进来的）。如果依赖的bean没有，那么就会重新创建bean，总之，这里getBean是可以得到依赖的bean的。然后就把属性名-bean的映射写入一个MutablePropertyValue结构中。

最终就会走到applyPropertyValues方法设置属性。

这就是一般xml方式设置属性的过程。

2.@Autowired

这个需要使用annotation启用注解：

@Override
	public void init() {
		registerBeanDefinitionParser("property-placeholder", new PropertyPlaceholderBeanDefinitionParser());
		registerBeanDefinitionParser("property-override", new PropertyOverrideBeanDefinitionParser());
		registerBeanDefinitionParser("annotation-config", new AnnotationConfigBeanDefinitionParser());
		registerBeanDefinitionParser("component-scan", new ComponentScanBeanDefinitionParser());
		registerBeanDefinitionParser("load-time-weaver", new LoadTimeWeaverBeanDefinitionParser());
		registerBeanDefinitionParser("spring-configured", new SpringConfiguredBeanDefinitionParser());
		registerBeanDefinitionParser("mbean-export", new MBeanExportBeanDefinitionParser());
		registerBeanDefinitionParser("mbean-server", new MBeanServerBeanDefinitionParser());
	}

这个annotation-config会帮我们注册很多processor：

// Obtain bean definitions for all relevant BeanPostProcessors.
		Set<BeanDefinitionHolder> processorDefinitions =
				AnnotationConfigUtils.registerAnnotationConfigProcessors(parserContext.getRegistry(), source);

if (!registry.containsBeanDefinition(AUTOWIRED_ANNOTATION_PROCESSOR_BEAN_NAME)) {
			RootBeanDefinition def = new RootBeanDefinition(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.class);
			def.setSource(source);
			beanDefs.add(registerPostProcessor(registry, def, AUTOWIRED_ANNOTATION_PROCESSOR_BEAN_NAME));
		}

这里的AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor就是专门处理@Autowired注解的。

public AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor() {
		this.autowiredAnnotationTypes.add(Autowired.class);
		this.autowiredAnnotationTypes.add(Value.class);
		ClassLoader cl = AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.class.getClassLoader();
		try {
			this.autowiredAnnotationTypes.add((Class<? extends Annotation>) cl.loadClass("javax.inject.Inject"));
			logger.info("JSR-330 'javax.inject.Inject' annotation found and supported for autowiring");
		}
		catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
			// JSR-330 API not available - simply skip.
		}
	}

构造方法指明了处理Autowired注解。

autowired的注入逻辑其实是在：

@Override
	public PropertyValues postProcessPropertyValues(
			PropertyValues pvs, PropertyDescriptor[] pds, Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {

		InjectionMetadata metadata = findAutowiringMetadata(beanName, bean.getClass());
		try {
			metadata.inject(bean, beanName, pvs);
		}
		catch (Throwable ex) {
			throw new BeanCreationException(beanName, "Injection of autowired dependencies failed", ex);
		}
		return pvs;
	}

方法postProcessPropertyValues其实是一个接口里的方法，调用时机后面会讲。

private InjectionMetadata findAutowiringMetadata(String beanName, Class<?> clazz) {
		// Quick check on the concurrent map first, with minimal locking.
		// Fall back to class name as cache key, for backwards compatibility with custom callers.
		String cacheKey = (StringUtils.hasLength(beanName) ? beanName : clazz.getName());
		InjectionMetadata metadata = this.injectionMetadataCache.get(cacheKey);
		if (InjectionMetadata.needsRefresh(metadata, clazz)) {
			synchronized (this.injectionMetadataCache) {
				metadata = this.injectionMetadataCache.get(cacheKey);
				if (InjectionMetadata.needsRefresh(metadata, clazz)) {
					metadata = buildAutowiringMetadata(clazz);
					this.injectionMetadataCache.put(cacheKey, metadata);
				}
			}
		}
		return metadata;
	}
private InjectionMetadata buildAutowiringMetadata(Class<?> clazz) {
		LinkedList<InjectionMetadata.InjectedElement> elements = new LinkedList<InjectionMetadata.InjectedElement>();
		Class<?> targetClass = clazz;

		do {
			LinkedList<InjectionMetadata.InjectedElement> currElements = new LinkedList<InjectionMetadata.InjectedElement>();
			for (Field field : targetClass.getDeclaredFields()) {
				AnnotationAttributes annotation = findAutowiredAnnotation(field);
				if (annotation != null) {
					if (Modifier.isStatic(field.getModifiers())) {
						if (logger.isWarnEnabled()) {
							logger.warn("Autowired annotation is not supported on static fields: " + field);
						}
						continue;
					}
					boolean required = determineRequiredStatus(annotation);
					currElements.add(new AutowiredFieldElement(field, required));
				}
			}
			for (Method method : targetClass.getDeclaredMethods()) {
				Method bridgedMethod = BridgeMethodResolver.findBridgedMethod(method);
				AnnotationAttributes annotation = BridgeMethodResolver.isVisibilityBridgeMethodPair(method, bridgedMethod) ?
						findAutowiredAnnotation(bridgedMethod) : findAutowiredAnnotation(method);
				if (annotation != null && method.equals(ClassUtils.getMostSpecificMethod(method, clazz))) {
					if (Modifier.isStatic(method.getModifiers())) {
						if (logger.isWarnEnabled()) {
							logger.warn("Autowired annotation is not supported on static methods: " + method);
						}
						continue;
					}
					if (method.getParameterTypes().length == 0) {
						if (logger.isWarnEnabled()) {
							logger.warn("Autowired annotation should be used on methods with actual parameters: " + method);
						}
					}
					boolean required = determineRequiredStatus(annotation);
					PropertyDescriptor pd = BeanUtils.findPropertyForMethod(method);
					currElements.add(new AutowiredMethodElement(method, required, pd));
				}
			}
			elements.addAll(0, currElements);
			targetClass = targetClass.getSuperclass();
		}
		while (targetClass != null && targetClass != Object.class);

		return new InjectionMetadata(clazz, elements);
	}

其实这里的处理很清晰了，将bean的class属性以及方法遍历一遍，找一下是否被@Autowired标记：

	private AnnotationAttributes findAutowiredAnnotation(AccessibleObject ao) {
		for (Class<? extends Annotation> type : this.autowiredAnnotationTypes) {
			AnnotationAttributes annotation = AnnotatedElementUtils.getAnnotationAttributes(ao, type.getName());
			if (annotation != null) {
				return annotation;
			}
		}
		return null;
	}

最终将被标记的属性和方法放入一个InjectionMetadata结构中。最后调用其inject方法注入：

public void inject(Object target, String beanName, PropertyValues pvs) throws Throwable {
		Collection<InjectedElement> elementsToIterate =
				(this.checkedElements != null ? this.checkedElements : this.injectedElements);
		if (!elementsToIterate.isEmpty()) {
			boolean debug = logger.isDebugEnabled();
			for (InjectedElement element : elementsToIterate) {
				if (debug) {
					logger.debug("Processing injected method of bean '" + beanName + "': " + element);
				}
				element.inject(target, beanName, pvs);
			}
		}
	}

	@Override
		protected void inject(Object bean, String beanName, PropertyValues pvs) throws Throwable {
			Field field = (Field) this.member;
			try {
				Object value;
				if (this.cached) {
					value = resolvedCachedArgument(beanName, this.cachedFieldValue);
				}
				else {
					DependencyDescriptor desc = new DependencyDescriptor(field, this.required);
					desc.setContainingClass(bean.getClass());
					Set<String> autowiredBeanNames = new LinkedHashSet<String>(1);
					TypeConverter typeConverter = beanFactory.getTypeConverter();
					value = beanFactory.resolveDependency(desc, beanName, autowiredBeanNames, typeConverter);
					synchronized (this) {
						if (!this.cached) {
							if (value != null || this.required) {
								this.cachedFieldValue = desc;
								registerDependentBeans(beanName, autowiredBeanNames);
								if (autowiredBeanNames.size() == 1) {
									String autowiredBeanName = autowiredBeanNames.iterator().next();
									if (beanFactory.containsBean(autowiredBeanName)) {
										if (beanFactory.isTypeMatch(autowiredBeanName, field.getType())) {
											this.cachedFieldValue = new RuntimeBeanReference(autowiredBeanName);
										}
									}
								}
							}
							else {
								this.cachedFieldValue = null;
							}
							this.cached = true;
						}
					}
				}
				if (value != null) {
					ReflectionUtils.makeAccessible(field);
					field.set(bean, value);
				}
			}
			catch (Throwable ex) {
				throw new BeanCreationException("Could not autowire field: " + field, ex);
			}
		}
	}

注意，这里的inject方法是在AutowiredFieldElement内部类中定义的。逻辑主要就是按照类型找到合适的bean，然后注入。

这个processor在哪里被调用？

还记得之前实例化bean时的populate方法吗？里面有一段代码：

if (!mbd.isSynthetic() && hasInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessors()) {
			for (BeanPostProcessor bp : getBeanPostProcessors()) {
				if (bp instanceof InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor) {
					InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor ibp = (InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor) bp;
					if (!ibp.postProcessAfterInstantiation(bw.getWrappedInstance(), beanName)) {
						continueWithPropertyPopulation = false;
						break;
					}
				}
			}
		}

而AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor正是实现了InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor接口。

所以这个processor会在这里被调用，为@Autowired的属性赋值。

绝世好阿狸

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【Java】Spring 属性注入 @Autowired 原理

主要分两块，一是xml文件定义的bean，另一个是@Autowired。1. xml文件bean定义的读取入口还是在bean定义的解析与注册上，这里省略前面部分直接看XmlBeanDefinitionReader的解析部分： @Override public int loadBeanDefinitions(Resource resource) throws BeanDefini...
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