目录
https://jasper-zhang1.gitbooks.io/influxdb/content/Introduction/
https://blog.csdn.net/sinat_26019075/article/details/80621151
官方参考命令：https://docs.influxdata.com/influxdb/v1.7/query_language/spec
docker 安装
// 下载：如果不指定版本号，会默认拉取最新的
docker pull influxdb:1.3.3
// 查看本地镜像,已经存在刚刚拉取的influxdb:1.3.3
docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
docker.io/influxdb 1.3.3 fa78fa0c3591 2 years ago 227 MB
// 运行,把主机的8086端口映射到容器的8086端口，把主机的/root/metric映射到容器的/var/lib/influxdb目录，给服务起名为influxdb
docker run -p 8086:8086 -v /root/metric:/var/lib/influxdb -d --name influxdb fa78fa0c3591卸载
centos
// 先检查安装的influxdb
rpm -qa|grep influx
// 打印结果
influxdb-1.3.3-1.x86_64
// 卸载influxdb
rpm -e influxdb-1.3.3.x86_64
// 打印结果
warning: /etc/influxdb/influxdb.conf saved as /etc/influxdb/influxdb.conf.rpmsave
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/influxdb.service.
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/influxd.service.下载安装
我的是centos
// 下载
wget https://dl.influxdata.com/influxdb/releases/influxdb-1.5.3.x86_64.rpm
// 解压
sudo yum localinstall influxdb-1.5.3.x86_64.rpm
启动
sudo systemctl start influxdb
// 启动成功的提示
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl start influxdb.service
关闭
sudo systemctl stop influxdb查看influxdb进程
ps aux | grep influx
[root@localhost ~]# ps aux | grep influx
influxdb 17673 0.0 0.4 320804 18068 ? Ssl 09:10 0:00 /usr/bin/influxd -config /etc/influxdb/influxdb.conf
root 17691 0.0 0.0 112704 972 pts/0 S+ 09:50 0:00 grep --color=auto influx
启动influxdb客户端
[root@localhost ~]# influx
Connected to http://localhost:8086 version 1.5.3
InfluxDB shell version: 1.5.3
>
退出influx客户端
exit
查询数据库
show databasesinflux指令用法
influx --help
Usage of influx:
-version
Display the version and exit.
-host 'host name'
Host to connect to.
-port 'port #'
Port to connect to.
-socket 'unix domain socket'
Unix socket to connect to.
-database 'database name'
Database to connect to the server.
-password 'password'
Password to connect to the server. Leaving blank will prompt for password (--password '').
-username 'username'
Username to connect to the server.
-ssl
Use https for requests.
-unsafeSsl
Set this when connecting to the cluster using https and not use SSL verification.
-execute 'command'
Execute command and quit.
-format 'json|csv|column'
Format specifies the format of the server responses: json, csv, or column.
-precision 'rfc3339|h|m|s|ms|u|ns'
Precision specifies the format of the timestamp: rfc3339, h, m, s, ms, u or ns.
-consistency 'any|one|quorum|all'
Set write consistency level: any, one, quorum, or all
-pretty
Turns on pretty print for the json format.
-import
Import a previous database export from file
-pps
How many points per second the import will allow. By default it is zeroand will not throttle importing.
-path
Path to file to import
-compressed
Set to true if the import file is compressed
Examples:
# Use influx in a non-interactive mode to query the database "metrics" and pretty print json:
$ influx -database 'metrics' -execute 'select * from cpu' -format 'json' -pretty
# Connect to a specific database on startup and set database context:
$ influx -database 'metrics' -host 'localhost' -port '8086'
创建数据库
CREATE DATABASE <db-name>// 首先登录influxdb客户端
influx
// 创建数据库katy
create database 数据库名称
// 显示数据库信息(databases是复数)
show databases
[root@localhost ~]# influx
Connected to http://localhost:8086 version 1.5.3
InfluxDB shell version: 1.5.3
> create database katy
> show databases
name: databases
name
----
_internal
katy查看已存在的数据库
show databases使用指定的数据库
// use 数据库名称
> use _internal
Using database _internal
>新增数据
// cpu为measurement, host和region为tag, value为field key, 0.89为field value
// measurement与tag之间没有空格，measurement后直接加,跟上tag key=tag value格式，多个tag k-v之间使用,分隔，tag k-v是非必须的。field k-v是必须的，tag k-v后跟个空格，再跟对应的field k-v，多个field k-v之间使用,分隔
> insert cpu,host=serverA,region=china value=0.89
// 查询刚刚新增的记录
> select * from cpu;
name: cpu
time host region value
---- ---- ------ -----
1565245452628724393 serverA china 0.89
查询数据的语法
https://jasper-zhang1.gitbooks.io/influxdb/content/Query_language/data_exploration.html
select子句
SELECT <field_key>[,<field_key>,<tag_key>] FROM <measurement_name>[,<measurement_name>]
// select支持以下几种格式
1. select * // 返回所有的field和tag
2. select "field_key" // 返回指定的field
3. select "field_key", "field_key" // 返回多个指定的field
4. select "field_key", "tag_key" // 返回指定的field_key和tag_key。当包含一个tag_key的时候，必须至少指定一个field_key。
5. select "field_key"::field,"tag_key"::tag // 返回指定的field_key和tag_key，区分具有同名的fiel_key和tag_key
// 例子，measurement为temperature, tag为machine和type, field为external和internal
INSERT temperature,machine=unit42,type=assembly external=25,internal=37
// 1. select *
> select * from "temperature"
name: temperature
time external internal machine type
---- -------- -------- ------- ----
1565247133525966065 25 37 unit42 assembly
>
// 2. select "field_key"
select "external" from "temperature"
name: temperature
time external
---- --------
1565247133525966065 25
>
// 3.select "field_key","field_key"
select "external","internal" from "temperature"
name: temperature
time external internal
---- -------- --------
1565247133525966065 25
>
// 4. select "field_key", "tag_key"
select "internal", "machine" from "temperature"
name: temperature
time internal machine
---- -------- -------
1565247133525966065 37 unit42
>
// 如果只查询某个tag，而不查询field，就查询不到任何结果
select "machine" from "temperature"
>
// 5. todo
....
from 子句
// from子句支持的格式
1. from measurement_name // 从单个measurement返回数据
2. from measurement_name1, measurement_name2 // 从多个measurement返回数据
3. from database_name.retention_policy_name.measurement_name // 从一个指定了数据库名称，保留策略名称的measurement返回数据
4. FROM database_name..measurement_name // 从一个用户指定的数据库中返回存储策略为DEFAULT的数据。where子句
在field、tag、timestamp上支持条件查询
// 语法
SELECT_clause FROM_clause WHERE <conditional_expression> [(AND|OR) <conditional_expression> [...]]fields
// where子句支持field value是string, boolean, float, integer类型
field_key <operator> ['string' | boolean | float | integer]
// operator支持的操作符
= //等于
<> // 不等于
！= // 不等于
> //大于
>= //大于等于
< // 小于
<= // 小于等于tags
// where子句把tag value用单引号引起来
tag_key <operator> 'tag_value'
operator支持的操作符
= // 等于
<> //不等于
！= // 不等于timestamps
默认时间范围是UTC的1677-09-21 00：12：43.145224194到2262-04-11T23：47：16.854775806Z.
对于只有GROUP BY time()子句的SELECT语句，默认时间范围在UTC的1677-09-21 00：12：43.145224194和now()之间group by子句
group by后面可以跟上用户指定的tags或者时间间隔
group by tags
// 语法
SELECT_clause FROM_clause [WHERE_clause] GROUP BY [* | <tag_key>[,<tag_key]]
1. group by * // 对结果中的所有tag作group by
2. group by tak_key //对结果按照指定的tag_key作group by
3. group by tag_key1, tag_key2 // 对结果按多个tag作group by，tag key顺序无所谓group by 时间间隔
group by time() 对返回结果按照指定的时间间隔group by
// 语法
SELECT <function>(<field_key>) FROM_clause WHERE <time_range> GROUP BY time(<time_interval>),[tag_key] [fill(<fill_option>)]
1. group by 必须在where之后
2. 如果time_interval=5m,则标识在where子句中指定的时间范围内将查询结果分到5分钟的时间组里into子句
将查询结果写入到自定义的measurement中
// 语法
SELECT_clause INTO <measurement_name> FROM_clause [WHERE_clause] [GROUP_BY_clause]
order by time desc
influxdb的数据默认按照时间升序返回。
SELECT_clause [INTO_clause] FROM_clause [WHERE_clause] [GROUP_BY_clause] ORDER BY time DESClimit
limit n // 从指定的measurement中返回前n个数据点
// 语法
SELECT_clause [INTO_clause] FROM_clause [WHERE_clause] [GROUP_BY_clause] [ORDER_BY_clause] LIMIT <N>slimit
slimit n 返回指定mearurement的前n个series中的每个点
// 语法
SELECT_clause [INTO_clause] FROM_clause [WHERE_clause] GROUP BY *[,time(<time_interval>)] [ORDER_BY_clause] SLIMIT <N>limit和slimit一起使用
// 语法
SELECT_clause [INTO_clause] FROM_clause [WHERE_clause] GROUP BY *[,time(<time_interval>)] [ORDER_BY_clause] LIMIT <N1> SLIMIT <N2>offset
offset n 从查询结果中返回分页的n个数据点
// 语法
SELECT_clause [INTO_clause] FROM_clause [WHERE_clause] [GROUP_BY_clause] [ORDER_BY_clause] LIMIT_clause OFFSET <N> [SLIMIT_clause]
offset需要limit子句，没有limit子句的offset可能会导致查询结果不一致soffset
soffset n 从查询结果中返回分页的n个series
// 语法
SELECT_clause [INTO_clause] FROM_clause [WHERE_clause] GROUP BY *[,time(time_interval)] [ORDER_BY_clause] [LIMIT_clause] [OFFSET_clause] SLIMIT_clause SOFFSET <N>
1. 如果soffset指定的值大于series数量，则返回空
2. n指的是series的分页数量。soffset需要一个slimit子句time zone子句
tz()返回指定时区的UTC偏移量
// 语法
SELECT_clause [INTO_clause] FROM_clause [WHERE_clause] [GROUP_BY_clause] [ORDER_BY_clause] [LIMIT_clause] [OFFSET_clause] [SLIMIT_clause] [SOFFSET_clause] tz('<time_zone>')正则表达式
// 语法
SELECT /<regular_expression_field_key>/ FROM /<regular_expression_measurement>/ WHERE [<tag_key> <operator> /<regular_expression_tag_value>/ | <field_key> <operator> /<regular_expression_field_value>/] GROUP BY /<regular_expression_tag_key>/
// 在以下场景支持正则表达式
1. 在SELECT中的field key和tag key；
2. 在FROM中的measurement
3. 在WHERE中的tag value和字符串类型的field value
4. 在GROUP BY中的tag key数据类型
在select中支持指定field的类型
// 语法
SELECT_clause <field_key>::<type> FROM_clause
type可以是float，integer，string和boolean。在大多数情况下，如果field_key没有存储指定type的数据，那么InfluxDB将不会返回数据类型转换
::语法允许用户在查询中做基本的数据类型转换。目前，InfluxDB支持从整数转到浮点，或者从浮点转到整数。
// 语法
SELECT_clause <field_key>::<type> FROM_clause
type可以是float或者integer。
如果查询试图把整数或者浮点数转换成字符串或者布尔型，InfluxDB将不会返回数据。多语句
用;分割多个select。
子查询
子查询是嵌套在另一个查询的FROM子句中的查询。使用子查询将查询作为条件应用于其他查询。子查询提供与嵌套函数和SQLHAVING子句类似的功能。
// 语法
SELECT_clause FROM ( SELECT_statement ) [...]InfluxDB首先执行子查询，再次执行主查询。
主查询围绕子查询，至少需要SELECT和FROM子句。主查询支持本文档中列出的所有子句。
子查询显示在主查询的FROM子句中，它需要附加的括号。 子查询支持本文档中列出的所有子句。
多个子查询
InfluxQL每个主要查询支持多个嵌套子查询。 多个子查询的示例语法：
SELECT_clause FROM ( SELECT_clause FROM ( SELECT_statement ) [...] ) [...]schema查询
查询当前数据库使用的rp
> show retention policies
name duration shardGroupDuration replicaN default
---- -------- ------------------ -------- -------
autogen 0s 168h0m0s 1 true
修改指定数据库的rp
// 把telegraf数据库的rp名字修改为autogen，保留时间是3天，shard group时间为1天。
// rp时间必须大于shard group时间
ALTER RETENTION POLICY autogen ON telegraf DURATION 72h REPLICATION 1 SHARD DURATION 24h DEFAULT;
// 查询修改后的rp
> show retention policies;
name duration shardGroupDuration replicaN default
---- -------- ------------------ -------- -------
autogen 72h0m0s 24h0m0s 1 true查询CARDINALITY
use xxx;
// What's your database cardinality?
SHOW SERIES CARDINALITY;查询series
> show series
key
---
cpu,host=serverA,region=china
temperature,machine=unit42,type=assembly
查询measurement
> show measurements
name: measurements
name
----
cpu
temperature查询当前数据库里的所有tag keys
> show tag keys
name: cpu
tagKey
------
host
region
name: temperature
tagKey
------
machine
type
查询当前数据库的所有field keys
> show field keys
name: cpu
fieldKey fieldType
-------- ---------
value float
name: temperature
fieldKey fieldType
-------- ---------
external float
internal float
>
数据库管理
https://jasper-zhang1.gitbooks.io/influxdb/content/Query_language/database_management.html
连续查询
对实时数据自动周期运行的查询，然后把查询结果写入到指定的measurement中。
https://jasper-zhang1.gitbooks.io/influxdb/content/Query_language/continuous_queries.html
// 语法
CREATE CONTINUOUS QUERY <cq_name> ON <database_name>
BEGIN
<cq_query>
END函数
https://jasper-zhang1.gitbooks.io/influxdb/content/Query_language/functions.html
使用tag的情况
把你经常查询的字段作为tag
如果你要对其使用GROUP BY()，也要放在tag中
如果你要对其使用InfluxQL函数，则将其放到field中
如果你需要存储的值不是字符串，则需要放到field中，因为tag value只能是字符串influxd
influxd help
Configure and start an InfluxDB server.
Usage: influxd [[command] [arguments]]
The commands are:
backup downloads a snapshot of a data node and saves it to disk
config display the default configuration
help display this help message
restore uses a snapshot of a data node to rebuild a cluster
run run node with existing configuration
version displays the InfluxDB version
"run" is the default command.
查看配置信息
influxd config
Merging with configuration at: /etc/influxdb/influxdb.conf
reporting-disabled = false
bind-address = "127.0.0.1:8088"
[meta]
dir = "/var/lib/influxdb/meta"
retention-autocreate = true
logging-enabled = true
[data]
dir = "/var/lib/influxdb/data"
index-version = "inmem"
wal-dir = "/var/lib/influxdb/wal"
wal-fsync-delay = "0s"
query-log-enabled = true
cache-max-memory-size = 1073741824
cache-snapshot-memory-size = 26214400
cache-snapshot-write-cold-duration = "10m0s"
compact-full-write-cold-duration = "4h0m0s"
max-series-per-database = 1000000
max-values-per-tag = 100000
max-concurrent-compactions = 0
max-index-log-file-size = 1048576
trace-logging-enabled = false
[coordinator]
write-timeout = "10s"
max-concurrent-queries = 0
query-timeout = "0s"
log-queries-after = "0s"
max-select-point = 0
max-select-series = 0
max-select-buckets = 0
[retention]
enabled = true
check-interval = "30m0s"
[shard-precreation]
enabled = true
check-interval = "10m0s"
advance-period = "30m0s"
[monitor]
store-enabled = true
store-database = "_internal"
store-interval = "10s"
[subscriber]
enabled = true
http-timeout = "30s"
insecure-skip-verify = false
ca-certs = ""
write-concurrency = 40
write-buffer-size = 1000
[http]
enabled = true
bind-address = ":8086"
auth-enabled = false
log-enabled = true
write-tracing = false
pprof-enabled = true
debug-pprof-enabled = false
https-enabled = false
https-certificate = "/etc/ssl/influxdb.pem"
https-private-key = ""
max-row-limit = 0
max-connection-limit = 0
shared-secret = ""
realm = "InfluxDB"
unix-socket-enabled = false
bind-socket = "/var/run/influxdb.sock"
max-body-size = 25000000
access-log-path = ""
[logging]
format = "auto"
level = "info"
suppress-logo = false
[ifql]
enabled = false
log-enabled = true
bind-address = ":8082"
[[graphite]]
enabled = false
bind-address = ":2003"
database = "graphite"
retention-policy = ""
protocol = "tcp"
batch-size = 5000
batch-pending = 10
batch-timeout = "1s"
consistency-level = "one"
separator = "."
udp-read-buffer = 0
[[collectd]]
enabled = false
bind-address = ":25826"
database = "collectd"
retention-policy = ""
batch-size = 5000
batch-pending = 10
batch-timeout = "10s"
read-buffer = 0
typesdb = "/usr/share/collectd/types.db"
security-level = "none"
auth-file = "/etc/collectd/auth_file"
parse-multivalue-plugin = "split"
[[opentsdb]]
enabled = false //是否启用该模块
bind-address = ":4242"
database = "opentsdb" //默认数据库，opentsdb
retention-policy = "" // 存储策略，无默认值
consistency-level = "one" //一致性级别，默认one
tls-enabled = false
certificate = "/etc/ssl/influxdb.pem" //证书路径
batch-size = 1000
batch-pending = 5
batch-timeout = "1s"
log-point-errors = true
[[udp]]
enabled = false
bind-address = ":8089" // 绑定地址，默认值是8099
database = "udp" //数据库名称，默认udp
retention-policy = "" //存储策略
batch-size = 5000
batch-pending = 10
read-buffer = 0 //udp读取buffer的大小，0表示操作系统提供的值，如果超过操作系统的默认配置则会出错
batch-timeout = "1s"
precision = ""
[continuous_queries]
log-enabled = true
enabled = true //是否开启CQ，默认为true
query-stats-enabled = false // 是否开启日志，默认为true
run-interval = "1s" //时间间隔，默认1s
http api write
http api query
聚合函数
count()
返回一个field字段中的非空值的数量。
SELECT COUNT(<field_key>) FROM <measurement_name> [WHERE <stuff>] [GROUP BY <stuff>]distanct()
返回一个字段的唯一值。
SELECT DISTINCT(<field_key>) FROM <measurement_name> [WHERE <stuff>] [GROUP BY <stuff>]mean()
返回一个字段中的值的算术平均值(平均值)，字段类型必须是长整形或者float64
SELECT MEAN(<field_key>) FROM <measurement_name> [WHERE <stuff>] [GROUP BY <stuff>]median()
从单个字段中的排序值返回中间值(中位数)，在一组数值中居于中间的数值，字段类型必须是长整形或float64。
SELECT MEDIAN(<field_key>) FROM <measurement_name> [WHERE <stuff>] [GROUP BY <stuff>]spread()
返回字段的最小值和最大值之间的差值，数据类型必须是长整形或者float64。
SELECT SPREAD(<field_key>) FROM <measurement_name> [WHERE <stuff>] [GROUP BY <stuff>]sum()
返回一个字段中所有值得和，字段类型必须是长整形或者float64。
SELECT SUM(<field_key>) FROM <measurement_name> [WHERE <stuff>] [GROUP BY <stuff>]integral()
返回曲线
SELECT INTEGRAL( [ * | <field_key> | /<regular_expression>/ ] [ , <unit> ] ) [INTO_clause] FROM_clause [WHERE_clause] [GROUP_BY_clause] [ORDER_BY_clause] [LIMIT_clause] [OFFSET_clause] [SLIMIT_clause] [SOFFSET_clause]
正则查询
https://docs.influxdata.com/influxdb/v1.7/query_language/data_exploration/#regular-expressions
语法
SELECT /<regular_expression_field_key>/ FROM /<regular_expression_measurement>/ WHERE [<tag_key> <operator> /<regular_expression_tag_value>/ | <field_key> <operator> /<regular_expression_field_value>/] GROUP BY /<regular_expression_tag_key>/支持的运算符
=~: 匹配
!~ : 不匹配
查询docker_container_cpu中cpu为total-cpu和container_name不是以k8s_开头的记录
SELECT container_name, usage_percent FROM "docker_container_cpu" WHERE "cpu"='cpu-total' and "container_name" !~ /^k8s.*$/ order by time desc limit 100;参考：
influxdb原理详解：https://www.cnblogs.com/gaoguangjun/p/8513054.html
influxdb相关论文： https://www.influxdata.com/_resources/techpapers-new/
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