【Linux基础】虚函数

例 6 用虚函数实现动态多态

#include <iostream.h>

#include <string.h>

class CPoint

{

private:

int X;

int Y;

public:

CPoint(int x=0, int y=0)

{

X=x;

Y=y;

}

CPoint(CPoint &p)

{

X=p.X;

Y=p.Y;

}

int GetX()

{

return X;

}

int GetY()

{

return Y;

}

};

class CShape

{

private:

char Color[10];

public:

CShape(char *c)

{

strcpy(Color,c);

}

virtual void Draw()

{

cout << "Draw a Shape. The color is " << Color << endl;

}

void PrintColor()

{

cout << Color << endl;

}

};

class CLine:public CShape

{

private:

CPoint Start;

CPoint End;

public:

CLine(CPoint s, CPoint e, char *c):CShape(c),Start(s),End(e)

{}

virtual void Draw()

{

cout << "Draw a Line from (" << Start.GetX() << "," << Start.GetY();

cout << ") to ("<< End.GetX() << "," << End.GetY() << "), with color ";

PrintColor();

}

};

class CCircle:public CShape

{

private:

CPoint Center;

int Radius;

public:

CCircle(CPoint ctr, int r, char *c):CShape(c),Center(ctr)

{

Radius = r;

}

virtual void Draw()

{

cout << "Draw a Circle at center (" << Center.GetX() << "," ;

cout << Center.GetY()<< ") with radius " << Radius << " and color ";

PrintColor();

}

};

void main()

{

CShape *ps[3];

CShape s("Red");

CPoint p1(10,10), p2(100,100),p3(50,50);

CLine l(p1,p2,"Green");

CCircle c(p3, 20, "Black");

ps[0] = &s;

ps[1] = &l;

ps[2] = &c;

for(int i=0; i<3; i++)

ps->Draw();

}

程序运行结果为：

Draw a Shape. The color is Red

Draw a Line from (10, 10) to (100, 100) , with color Green

Draw a Circle at center (50, 50) with radius 20 and color Black

总结：

（1）将成员函数声明为虚函数，在函数原型前加关键字virtual，如果成员函数的定义直接写在类中，也在前面加关键字virtual。

（2）将成员函数声明为虚函数后，再将基类指针指向派生类对象，在程序运行时，就会根据指针指向的具体对象来调用各自的虚函数，称之为动态多态。

（3）如果基类的成员函数是虚函数，在其派生类中，原型相同的函数自动成为虚函数。

本文转载于唯C教育，【Linux基础】虚函数
http://www.weicedu.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=79&fromuid=4
(出处: http://www.weicedu.com/)