【Linux基础】综合应用

至此，我们己经学习完作为程序设计语言的shell的主要功能。是时候将我们所学的知识结合起来以编写一个实际的示范程序了。

纵贯全章，我们将编写及设计一个记录学生成绩的应用程序。

需求分析

设计框图

对数据进行更新、检索和显示的这三项需求表明采用一个简单的菜单应该就足够了。由于所有需要存储的数据全部都是文本，而且假设要记录的学生数不是很多，所以我们没有必要使用复杂的数据库，使用一些简单的文本文件即可。将资料保存在文本文件中将使我们的应用程序比较简单，而且如果需求发生了变化，操纵文本文件总是要比操纵其它类型的文件更加容易。至少我们可以使用一个编辑器来手工输入和删除数据，而不必非要通过编写程序来完成。

首先，

程序说明

（1）先定义学生个人信息文件、成绩文件和一个临时文件。同时还设置Ctrl+C组合键的中断处理，以确保用户中断脚本程序时删除临时文件。

students_file="students_file"

achievements_file="achievements_file"

temp_file="temp_file"

trap 'rm -f $temp_file' EXIT

（2）由于在与脚本互动时，经常要对一些选项进行判断选择，所以下面将一些利用较高的功能代码做成两个简单的工具型函数。

get_return()

{

echo -e "Please return \c"

# read x

return 0

}

get_confirm()

{

echo -e "Are you sure?\n"

while true

do

read x

case "$x" in

y | Y | YES | yes )

return 0;;

n | N | no | NO )

# echo

echo "Cancelled"

return 1;;

* ) echo "Please enter yes or no" ;;

esac

done

}

菜单项

下面函数为主菜单函数。菜单的选项多样，这主要是根据功能模块来设计的，而且内容是动态变化的，当用户选择了

set_menu_choice()

{

echo "Options :-"

echo

echo " a) Add new Student_Information"

echo " f) Find Student_Information"

echo " c) Count the Student_Informations and scores in the catalog"

echo " s) Reference Information about students"

if [ "$stu_catnum" != "" ];then

echo " l) List scores on $stu_name"

echo " r) Remove $stu_name"

echo " u) Update achievements for $stu_name"

fi

echo " q) Quit"

echo

echo -e "Please enter choice then press return: \c"

read menu_choice

return

}

4、新增

insert_student() # what

{

echo $* >> $students_file

return

}

insert_scores() # what

{

echo $* >> $achievements_file

return

}

add_record_achievements()

{

echo "Enter score information for this student"

echo "When no more scores enter q"

score_num=1

subject_ttitle=""

while [ "$subject_ttitle" != "q" ] # where from

do

echo -e "Enter Subject $score_num title: \c"

read tmp

subject_ttitle=${tmp%%,*}

if [ "$tmp" != "$subject_ttitle" ]; then

echo "Sorry, no commas allowed"

continue

fi

if [ -n "$subject_ttitle" ] ; then

if [ "$subject_ttitle" != "q" ] ;then

echo -e "Enter score: \c"

read tmp

score=${tmp%%,*}

insert_scores $stu_catnum,$score_num,$subject_ttitle,$score

fi

else

score_num=$((score_num-1))

fi

score_num=$((score_num+1))

done

}

add_records()

{

echo -e "Enter student's numble: \c"

read tmp

stu_catnum=${tmp%%,*}

echo -e "Enter student's name: \c"

read tmp

stu_name=${tmp%%,*}

echo -e "Enter student's major: \c"

read tmp

stu_major=${tmp%%,*}

echo -e "Enter student's professor: \c"

read tmp

stu_professor=${tmp%%,*}

echo "about to add new entry"

echo "$stu_catnum $stu_name $stu_major $stu_professor"

if get_confirm ;then

insert_student $stu_catnum,$stu_name,$stu_major,$stu_professor

add_record_achievements

else

remove_records

fi

return

}

5、删除

remove_records()

{

if [ -z "$stu_catnum" ];then

echo "You must select a student first"

find_student n

fi

if [ -n "$stu_catnum" ];then

echo "You are about to delete $stu_name"

get_confirm && {

grep -v "^${stu_catnum}," $students_file > $temp_file

mv $temp_file $students_file

grep -v "^${stu_catnum}," $achievements_file > $temp_file

mv $temp_file $achievements_file

stu_catnum=""

echo "Enter removed"

}

get_return

fi

return

}

6、更新

update_cd()

{

if [ -z "$stu_catnum" ];then

echo "You must select a student first"

find_student n

fi

if [ -n "$stu_catnum" ];then

echo "Current achievement are :-"

list_achievements

echo

echo "This will re-enter the achievements for $stu_name"

get_confirm && {

grep -v "^${stu_catnum}," $achievements_file > $temp_file

mv $temp_file $achievements_file

echo

add_record_achievements

}

fi

return

}

7、检索

find_student()

{

if [ "$1" = "n" ];then

asklist=n

else

asklist=y

fi

stu_catnum=""

echo -e "Enter a string to search for in the student titles: \c"

read searchstr

if [ "$searchstr" = "" ];then

return 0

fi

grep "$searchstr" $students_file > $temp_file

set $(wc -l $temp_file)

linesfound=$1

case "$linesfound" in

0) echo "Sorry,nothing found"

get_return

return 0

;;

1) ;;

2) echo "Sorry,not unique."

echo "Found the following"

cat $temp_file

get_return

return 0

esac

IFS=","

read stu_catnum stu_name stu_major stu_professor < $temp_file

IFS=" "

if [ -z "$stu_catnum" ];then

echo "Sorry,could not extract catalog field from $temp_file"

get_return

return 0

fi

echo

echo "Student' number: $stu_catnum"

echo "Student' name: $stu_name"

echo "Student's major: $stu_major"

echo "Student's professor: $stu_professor"

echo

get_return

if [ "$asklist" = "y" ];then

echo -e "View scores for this student(y or n ?): \c"

read x

if [ "$x" = "y" ];then

echo

list_achievements

echo

fi

fi

return 1

}

8、

count_students()

{

set $(wc -l $students_file)

num_student=$1

set $(wc -l $achievements_file)

num_achievement=$1

echo "found $num_student students,with a total of $num_achievement achievements"

get_return

return

}

9、

list_achievements()

{

echo "student's numble=$stu_catnum"

if [ "$stu_catnum" = "" ];then

echo "no student select yet"

return

else

grep "^${stu_catnum}," $achievements_file > $temp_file

num_achievements=$(wc -l $temp_file)

if [ "$num_achievements" = "0" ];then

echo "no achievements found for $stu_name"

else {

echo

echo "$stu_name :-"

echo

cut -f 2- -d , $temp_file

echo

} | ${PAGER:-more}

fi

fi

get_return

return

}

10、主程序

rm -f $temp_file

if [ ! -f students_file ];then

touch students_file

fi

if [ ! -f achievements_file ];then

touch achievements_file

fi

clear

echo

echo "*************************************************************"

echo ">> Student_achievement manager <<"

echo ">> http://www.gec-edu.org <<"

echo "*************************************************************"

echo

sleep 1

quit=n

while [ "$quit" != "y" ];

do

set_menu_choice

case "$menu_choice" in

a) add_records;;

r) remove_records;;

f) find_student y;;

u) update_cd;;

c) count_students;;

l) list_achievements;;

s)

echo

more $students_file

echo

get_return;;

q | Q) quit=y;;

*) echo "Sorry,choice not recognized";;

esac

done

rm -f $temp_file

echo "Finish"

exit 0

 

本文转载于唯C教育，【Linux基础】综合应用
http://www.weicedu.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=96&fromuid=4
(出处: http://www.weicedu.com/)