前言
参加工作从事Java Web开发将近两年,也没有完整的搭建出一个SSH框架的项目,说出来确实有点不好意思,并且前一段一个朋友问我搭建过SSH框架没,我都没有好意思说没有。所以才有了搭建一个SSH框架项目的想法,因此有了今天的这篇博文。
读博文前应该注意:
本文提纲:
1:本文通过一个用户注册的实例讲解SSH的整合。创建Struts项目,整合Hibernate,整合Spring。最后总结如何熟练创建SSH项目。
2:仅是创建SSH项目,对于其他的扩展例如Struts的国际化,Hibernate的缓存优化,Spring的AOP等,本博文涉及不到。想学习更多的东西请搜索其他博文。
3:user表的创建脚本
create table user(
userId int auto_increment,
userName varchar(16) not null,
password varchar(16) not null,
gender int not null,
primary key(userId)
);
一.创建Struts项目
创建工程
1:在MyEclipse中创建一个Web Project,本文项目名称SSHProject。
2:把struts2-Jar包的Jar包复制到SSHProject项目下的WEB-INF/lib内。
3:在src目录下创建相应package。
4:在WebContent下创建Register.jsp文件,并分别创建注册成功和注册失败的Success.jsp和Fail.jsp。
操作完成后的结构如图所示:
编写代码
1:web.xml的内容
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="2.5"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd">
<display-name>SSH Project</display-name>
<filter>
<filter-name>SSH</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>SSH</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>Register.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
</web-app>
2:Register.jsp的内容。
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>User Register Page</title>
</head>
<body>
<s:form action="register">
<s:textfield name="user.username" label="用户名"></s:textfield>
<s:password name="user.password" label="密码"></s:password>
<s:select list="#{'1':'男','0':'女'}" listKey="key" listValue="value"
name="user.gender" label="性别" value="1"></s:select>
<s:submit value="注册"></s:submit>
</s:form>
</body>
</html>
3:用户表单类UserForm.java的内容。
package com.ynwi.ssh.beans;
public class UserForm {
private String username;
private String password;
private int gender;
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
public int getGender() {
return gender;
}
public void setGender(int gender) {
this.gender = gender;
}
}
4:注册Action类RegisterAction.java的内容。
package com.ynwi.ssh.action;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
import com.ynwi.ssh.beans.UserForm;
import com.ynwi.ssh.service.UserManager;
import com.ynwi.ssh.serviceImpl.UserManagerImpl;
public class RegisterAction extends ActionSupport {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
private UserForm user;
private UserManager userManager;
public UserForm getUser() {
return user;
}
public void setUser(UserForm user) {
this.user = user;
}
public UserManager getUserManager() {
return userManager;
}
public void setUserManager(UserManager userManager) {
this.userManager = userManager;
}
public String execute() {
try {
this.setUserManager(new UserManagerImpl());
userManager.regUser(user);
return SUCCESS;
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return ERROR;
}
}
}
5:验证文件RegisterAction-validation.xml的内容。该xml文件为RegisterAction的验证文件,命名格式固定,为< ActionName >-validation.xml。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="GBK"?>
<!DOCTYPE validators PUBLIC "-//OpenSymphony Group//XWork Validator 1.0.2//EN"
"http://www.opensymphony.com/xwork/xwork-validator-1.0.2.dtd">
<validators>
<!-- 添加对用户名的校验 -->
<field name="user.username">
<field-validator type="requiredstring">
<param name="trim">true</param>
<message>用户名不能为空</message>
</field-validator>
<field-validator type="regex">
<param name="expression"><![CDATA[(\w{6,16})]]></param>
<message>用户名输入不合法,必须为长度在6~16中间的数字或字母</message>
</field-validator>
</field>
<!-- 添加对密码的校验 -->
<field name="user.password">
<field-validator type="requiredstring">
<param name="trim">true</param>
<message>密码不能为空</message>
</field-validator>
<field-validator type="regex">
<param name="expression"><![CDATA[(\w{6,16})]]></param>
<message>密码输入不合法,必须为长度在6~16之间的数字或者字母</message>
</field-validator>
</field>
</validators>
6:业务逻辑接口UserManaer.java的内容。
package com.ynwi.ssh.service;
import com.ynwi.ssh.beans.UserForm;
public interface UserManager {
public void regUser(UserForm user);
}
7:业务逻辑实现类UserManagerImpl.java的内容
package com.ynwi.ssh.serviceImpl;
import com.ynwi.ssh.beans.UserForm;
import com.ynwi.ssh.service.UserManager;
public class UserManagerImpl implements UserManager {
@Override
public void regUser(UserForm user) {
}
}
8:配置文件struts.xml的内容。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">
<struts>
<include file="struts-default.xml" />
<package name="ynwi" extends="struts-default">
<action name="register" class="com.ynwi.ssh.action.RegisterAction">
<result name="input">/Register.jsp</result>
<result name="success">/Success.jsp</result>
<result name="error">/Fail.jsp</result>
</action>
</package>
</struts>
9:Success.jsp和Fail.jsp仅仅只是一句提示注册成功和失败的话,这里就不在列出。
10:运行效果
(1).输入访问Register.jsp的地址http://localhost:9090/SSHProject/Register.jsp后。
(2).输入用户名和密码不合法时。
二.在Struts基础上整合Hibernate
整合Hibernate
1:将Hibernate-jar内的Jar包复制到SSHProject项目下的WEB-INF/lib内。
2:在上面Struts项目的基础上添加com.ynwi.ssh.dao和com.ynwi.ssh.daoImpl包。分别创建BaseDao接口和UserDao类。
3:在数据库中创建对应的表user来写入要注册的用户。创建表的脚本见前言说明部分。
4:创建user表的Hibernate映射文件。因为这里要创建user表对应的POJO类,所以我这里把之前com.ynwi.ssh.beans包改成com.ynwi.ssh.forms包,用来存放页面传过来的表单数据,新创建com.ynwi.ssh.beans包,用来创建POJO对象来对应数据库中的表。路径:POJO类同目录。
5:建立Hibernate配置文件。路径:src目录下。
6:编写Session工厂类。整合Spring后,数据源的创建和SessionFactory的创建都交给Spring去管理,就无需这个工厂类了,所以这里我临时创建在daoImpl包里面。
7:修改业务逻辑实现类。
操作完成后的结构如图所示:
编写代码
1:接口类BaseDao.java的内容。注意:接口里的两个get/set方法是为了让实现类覆盖。这样使用BaseDao dao = new UserDao()的时候,dao实体中有这两个方法。
package com.ynwi.ssh.dao;
import org.hibernate.HibernateException;
import org.hibernate.Session;
public interface BaseDao {
public void saveObject(Object obj) throws HibernateException;
public Session getSession();
public void setSession(Session session);
}
2:实现类UserDao.java的内容。
package com.ynwi.ssh.daoImpl;
import org.hibernate.HibernateException;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import com.ynwi.ssh.dao.BaseDao;
public class UserDao implements BaseDao {
private Session session;
@Override
public Session getSession() {
return session;
}
@Override
public void setSession(Session session) {
this.session = session;
}
@Override
public void saveObject(Object obj) throws HibernateException {
session.save(obj);
}
}
3:表user的POJO类User.java的内容,因为跟UserForm.java内容差不多,所以不再列出。这个比UserForm.java多一个userId属性,因为在表user里面有userId的column。在POJO类里需要跟这个column有映射。
4:POJO类User.java的Hibernate映射文件User.hbm.xml的内容。代码说明将根据本地数据库的设置来创建userId,如MySQL中将表user的userId设置为自动增长,则在保存记录是,userId将自动增长。对于需要在程序中指定主键的值,则将generator的class属性设置为assigned。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding='UTF-8'?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd" >
<hibernate-mapping package="com.ynwi.ssh.beans">
<class name="User" table="user">
<id name="userId" column="userId">
<generator class="native"></generator>
</id>
<property name="username" column="userName" type="java.lang.String"
not-null="true" length="16"></property>
<property name="password" column="password" type="java.lang.String"
not-null="true" length="16" />
<property name="gender" column="gender" type="java.lang.Integer" length="1" />
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
5:Hibernate配置文件Hibernate.cfg.xml的内容。
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-configuration>
<session-factory>
<!-- Database connection settings -->
<property name="connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
<property name="connection.url">jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/project</property>
<property name="connection.username">root</property>
<property name="connection.password">root</property>
<!-- JDBC connection pool (use the built-in) -->
<!-- <property name="connection.pool_size">1</property> -->
<!-- SQL dialect -->
<property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property>
<!-- Enable Hibernate's automatic session context management -->
<!-- <property name="current_session_context_class">thread</property> -->
<!-- Disable the second-level cache -->
<!-- <property name="cache.provider_class">org.hibernate.cache.internal.NoCacheProvider</property> -->
<!-- Echo all executed SQL to stdout -->
<property name="show_sql">true</property>
<!-- Drop and re-create the database schema on startup -->
<!-- <property name="hbm2ddl.auto">update</property> -->
<mapping resource="com/ynwi/ssh/beans/User.hbm.xml"/>
</session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>
6:工厂类SessionFactory的内容。
package com.ynwi.ssh.daoImpl;
import org.hibernate.HibernateException;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
/**
* Configures and provides access to Hibernate sessions, tied to the
* current thread of execution. Follows the Thread Local Session
* pattern, see {@link http://hibernate.org/42.html }.
*/
public class HibernateSessionFactory {
/**
* Location of hibernate.cfg.xml file.
* Location should be on the classpath as Hibernate uses
* #resourceAsStream style lookup for its configuration file.
* The default classpath location of the hibernate config file is
* in the default package. Use #setConfigFile() to update
* the location of the configuration file for the current session.
*/
private static String CONFIG_FILE_LOCATION = "/hibernate.cfg.xml";
private static final ThreadLocal<Session> threadLocal = new ThreadLocal<Session>();
//private static Configuration configuration = new Configuration();
private static Configuration configuration = new AnnotationConfiguration();
private static org.hibernate.SessionFactory sessionFactory;
private static String configFile = CONFIG_FILE_LOCATION;
static {
try {
configuration.configure(configFile);
sessionFactory = configuration.buildSessionFactory();
} catch (Exception e) {
System.err
.println("%%%% Error Creating SessionFactory %%%%");
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
private HibernateSessionFactory() {
}
/**
* Returns the ThreadLocal Session instance. Lazy initialize
* the <code>SessionFactory</code> if needed.
*
* @return Session
* @throws HibernateException
*/
public static Session getSession() throws HibernateException {
Session session = (Session) threadLocal.get();
if (session == null || !session.isOpen()) {
if (sessionFactory == null) {
rebuildSessionFactory();
}
session = (sessionFactory != null) ? sessionFactory.openSession()
: null;
threadLocal.set(session);
}
return session;
}
/**
* Rebuild hibernate session factory
*
*/
public static void rebuildSessionFactory() {
try {
configuration.configure(configFile);
sessionFactory = configuration.buildSessionFactory();
} catch (Exception e) {
System.err
.println("%%%% Error Creating SessionFactory %%%%");
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
* Close the single hibernate session instance.
*
* @throws HibernateException
*/
public static void closeSession() throws HibernateException {
Session session = (Session) threadLocal.get();
threadLocal.set(null);
if (session != null) {
session.close();
}
}
/**
* return session factory
*
*/
public static org.hibernate.SessionFactory getSessionFactory() {
return sessionFactory;
}
/**
* return session factory
*
* session factory will be rebuilded in the next call
*/
public static void setConfigFile(String configFile) {
HibernateSessionFactory.configFile = configFile;
sessionFactory = null;
}
/**
* return hibernate configuration
*
*/
public static Configuration getConfiguration() {
return configuration;
}
}
7:修改后的业务逻辑实现类的内容。
package com.ynwi.ssh.serviceImpl;
import org.hibernate.HibernateException;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import com.ynwi.ssh.beans.User;
import com.ynwi.ssh.dao.BaseDao;
import com.ynwi.ssh.daoImpl.HibernateSessionFactory;
import com.ynwi.ssh.daoImpl.UserDao;
import com.ynwi.ssh.forms.UserForm;
import com.ynwi.ssh.service.UserManager;
public class UserManagerImpl implements UserManager {
private BaseDao dao;
private Session session;
public UserManagerImpl() {
dao = new UserDao();
}
@Override
public void regUser(UserForm userForm) throws HibernateException {
session = HibernateSessionFactory.currentSession();
dao.setSession(session);
// 获取事务
Transaction ts = session.beginTransaction();
// 构造User对象
User user = new User();
user.setUsername(userForm.getUsername());
user.setPassword(userForm.getPassword());
user.setGender(userForm.getGender());
// 保存User对象
dao.saveObject(user);
// 提交事务
ts.commit();
// 关闭Session
HibernateSessionFactory.closeSession();
}
}
运行效果
输入访问Register.jsp的地址http://localhost:9090/SSHProject/Register.jsp后。
输入用户名及密码,点击注册,数据存入数据库中。
三.在Struts + Hibernate项目中整合Spring
整合Spring
1:将Spring-jar内的Jar包复制到SSHProject项目下的WEB-INF/lib内。
2:编写Spring的配置文件applicationContext.xml。路径:src目录下,需要在web.xml配置context-param指定路径,或者把该文件放在WEB-INF下,跟web.xml同目录。这里由于Spring配置数据源的需要,需要把Hibernate内lib/optional/c3p0下的c3p0-0.9.1.jar复制到lib不目下。
3:修改BaseDao和UserDao。在引入Spring后,需要用Spring进行统一的事务管理,数据源和sessionFactory都交给Spring去生成,因此接口类和实现类BaseDao和UserDao都需要做相应的修改。Spring提供了HibernateDaoSupport类来完成对数据的操作,因此UserDao在实现BaseDao的同时还需要继承HibernateDaoSupport类。并将先前session的操作修改成HibernateTemplate(可通过getHibernateTemplate()方法来获得)的操作。
4:修改业务逻辑实现类。在没有加入Spring之前,业务逻辑实现类的Session的获得,dao的实例化,以及事务的管理都是该类执行管理的。加入Spring后,这些都交给Spring去管理。该类的dao的实例化由Spring注入。
5:修改用户注册的RegisterAction类。同样,RegisterAction类中的userManager的实例化也由Spring注入。
6:删除Hibernate的配置文件Hibernate.cfg.xml和工厂类HibernateSesseionFactory类。他们的工作已经交给Spring去做,已经不再有用。
7:修改web.xml,加载Spring。要想启动时加载Spring的配置文件,需要在web.xml中配置对应的监听器(listenser),并制定Spring的配置文件。
8:修改Struts的配置文件struts.xml。把原来指定的名为register的action的class由原来的路径变为applicationContext.xml文件中该Action的id。
操作完成后的结构如图所示:
编写代码
1:Spring的配置文件applicationContext.xml的内容。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd">
<!-- 定义数据源的信息 -->
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource"
destroy-method="close">
<property name="driverClass">
<value>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</value>
</property>
<property name="jdbcUrl">
<value>jdbc:mysql://localhost/project</value>
</property>
<property name="user">
<value>root</value>
</property>
<property name="password">
<value>root</value>
</property>
<property name="maxPoolSize">
<value>80</value>
</property>
<property name="minPoolSize">
<value>1</value>
</property>
<property name="initialPoolSize">
<value>1</value>
</property>
<property name="maxIdleTime">
<value>20</value>
</property>
</bean>
<!--定义Hibernate的SessionFactory -->
<!-- SessionFactory使用的数据源为上面的数据源 -->
<!-- 指定了Hibernate的映射文件和配置信息 -->
<bean id="sessionFactory"
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="dataSource">
<ref local="dataSource" />
</property>
<property name="mappingResources">
<list>
<value>com/ynwi/ssh/beans/User.hbm.xml</value>
</list>
</property>
<property name="hibernateProperties">
<props>
<prop key="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</prop>
<prop key="show_sql">true</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.jdbc.batch_size">20</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
<bean id="transactionManager"
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
</bean>
<bean id="baseDao" class="com.ynwi.ssh.daoImpl.UserDao">
<property name="sessionFactory">
<ref bean="sessionFactory" />
</property>
</bean>
<!--用户注册业务逻辑类 -->
<bean id="userManager" class="com.ynwi.ssh.serviceImpl.UserManagerImpl">
<property name="dao">
<ref bean="baseDao" />
</property>
</bean>
<!-- 用户注册的Action -->
<bean id="regAction" class="com.ynwi.ssh.action.RegisterAction">
<property name="userManager">
<ref bean="userManager" />
</property>
</bean>
<!-- more bean definitions go here -->
</beans>
2:修改后的接口类Dao和实现类UserDao的内容。
BaseDao.java
package com.ynwi.ssh.dao;
import org.hibernate.HibernateException;
public interface BaseDao {
public void saveObject(Object obj) throws HibernateException;
}
UserDao.java
package com.ynwi.ssh.daoImpl;
import org.hibernate.HibernateException;
import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.HibernateDaoSupport;
import com.ynwi.ssh.dao.BaseDao;
public class UserDao extends HibernateDaoSupport implements BaseDao {
@Override
public void saveObject(Object obj) throws HibernateException {
getHibernateTemplate().save(obj);
}
}
3:修改后的业务逻辑实现类UserManagerImpl的内容。
package com.ynwi.ssh.serviceImpl;
import org.hibernate.HibernateException;
import org.springframework.beans.BeanUtils;
import com.ynwi.ssh.beans.User;
import com.ynwi.ssh.dao.BaseDao;
import com.ynwi.ssh.forms.UserForm;
import com.ynwi.ssh.service.UserManager;
public class UserManagerImpl implements UserManager {
private BaseDao dao;
public void setDao(BaseDao dao) {
this.dao = dao;
}
@Override
public void regUser(UserForm userForm) throws HibernateException {
User user = new User();
BeanUtils.copyProperties(userForm, user);
dao.saveObject(user);
}
}
4:修改后的用户注册Action类RegisterAction的内容。
package com.ynwi.ssh.action;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
import com.ynwi.ssh.forms.UserForm;
import com.ynwi.ssh.service.UserManager;
public class RegisterAction extends ActionSupport {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
private UserForm user;
private UserManager userManager;
public UserForm getUser() {
return user;
}
public void setUser(UserForm user) {
this.user = user;
}
public void setUserManager(UserManager userManager) {
this.userManager = userManager;
}
public String execute() {
try {
userManager.regUser(user);
return SUCCESS;
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return ERROR;
}
}
}
5:修改后的web.xml的内容。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app id="WebApp_9" version="2.4" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd">
<display-name>SSH Project</display-name>
<filter>
<filter-name>SSH</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>SSH</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
</web-app>
6:修改后的Struts配置文件struts.xml的内容。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">
<struts>
<include file="struts-default.xml" />
<package name="ynwi" extends="struts-default">
<action name="register" class="regAction">
<result name="input">/Register.jsp</result>
<result name="success">/Success.jsp</result>
<result name="error">/Fail.jsp</result>
</action>
</package>
</struts>
运行结果
输入访问Register.jsp的地址http://localhost:9090/SSHProject/Register.jsp后。
输入用户名及密码,点击注册,数据存入数据库中。
总结
本文是转载(YnWi)的一篇文章,按照他的步骤我成功搭建起来,还是很感谢。需要的Jar包我也上传到csdn需要的小伙伴可以好好参考参考(下载)。