1.新建项目—>Visual C#—>Web—>ASP.NET空Web应用程序 或者 新建网站—>ASP.NET空网站
2.在解决方案处右击—>新建项目—>Windows—>类库,分别创建三层架构,Model(实体层)、Dll(逻辑层)、DAL(数据层),在每一层中创建如下图。
3.创建好三层类库后,在Model类库项目上右击,选择添加—>类,并命名,如下图。
4.在创建好类之后(每一个类对应数据库中的一个表),输入private string Sname(string是数据库中字段类型,Sname是数据库中字段名,与自己的数据库表相对应),如何对private string Sname选中—>右击—>选择重构—>封装字段,然后点击确定即可,实现了对数据库中表的一个字段进行封装,其余字段封装步骤跟上述一样,在创建完之后点击工具栏处的“生成”—>生成Model即可。操作步骤如下图,我的封装后的代码如下(根据自己的数据库表进行封装)。
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace Model
{
public class Users
{
private string Sname;//字段类型和字段名要与数据库对应
public string Sname1//封装后的字段
{
get { return Sname; }
set { Sname = value; }
}
private string Ssex;
public string Ssex1
{
get { return Ssex; }
set { Ssex = value; }
}
private string Snumber;
public string Snumber1
{
get { return Snumber; }
set { Snumber = value; }
}
private string Sgrade;
public string Sgrade1
{
get { return Sgrade; }
set { Sgrade = value; }
}
private string Steacher;
public string Steacher1
{
get { return Steacher; }
set { Steacher = value; }
}
private string Sid;
public string Sid1
{
get { return Sid; }
set { Sid = value; }
}
}
}
5.对DAL层进行代码的编写,主要分为:(1)数据库连接函数,(2)执行sql语句函数,(3)sql语句书写和相应参数存储函数,注意:要在文件头部引用using System.Data; using System.Data.SqlClient; using Model; 前两个是asp.net集成的数据库操作库,调用其中相关函数、变量即可,最后一个是我们自己创建的Model类(在使用using Model命令之前需要将Model这个类在DAL这个项目中引用,在DAL项目中的“引用”处右击,选择添加引用,选择项目找到Model这个项目类确定即可)。其中sql语句执行函数根据返回类型不同有多种,自己可查相关资料学习,sql语句中相应字段实参的存储、传递方法也多种,自己可查相关资料学习,我的DAL代码如下。
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Data;
using System.Data.SqlClient;
using Model;
namespace DAL
{
public class UserService
{
//连接数据库
public static SqlConnection connection;
public static SqlConnection Connection
{
get
{
if (connection == null)
{
//远程连接数据库命令(前提远程数据库服务器已经配置好允许远程连接)
string strConn = @"Data Source=172.18.72.158;Initial Catalog=WebKuangjia;User ID=sa;Password=LIwei123;Persist Security Info=True";
//连接本地数据库命令
//string strConn = @"Data Source=.;Initial Catalog=WebKuangjia;Integrated Security=True";
connection = new SqlConnection(strConn);
connection.Open();
}
else if (connection.State == ConnectionState.Closed)
{
connection.Open();
}
else if (connection.State == ConnectionState.Broken)
{
connection.Close();
connection.Open();
}
return connection;
}
}
//执行sql语句,返回被修改行数
public static int ExecuteCommand(string commandText, CommandType commandType, SqlParameter[] para)
{
SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand();
cmd.Connection = Connection;
cmd.CommandText = commandText;
try
{
if (para != null)
{
cmd.Parameters.AddRange(para);
}
return cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
}
catch (Exception e)
{
throw new Exception(e.Message);
}
finally
{
connection.Close();
cmd.Dispose();
}
}
//执行sql语句,返回数据库表
public static DataTable GetDataTable(string commandText, CommandType commandType, SqlParameter[] para)
{
SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand();
cmd.Connection = Connection;
cmd.CommandText = commandText;
cmd.CommandType = commandType;
try
{
if (para != null)
{
cmd.Parameters.AddRange(para);
}
SqlDataAdapter da = new SqlDataAdapter(cmd);
DataTable temp = new DataTable();
da.Fill(temp);
return temp;
}
catch (Exception e)
{
throw new Exception(e.Message);
}
finally
{
connection.Close();
cmd.Dispose();
}
}
//增加用户
public static bool AddStudent(Users user)
{
string sql = "insert into Student(Sname,Ssex,Snumber,Sgrade,Steacher)" + "values(@name,@sex,@number,@grade,@teacher)";//sql语句字符串
if (user.Ssex1==null)
{
user.Ssex1 = "";
}
if (user.Sgrade1 == null)
{
user.Sgrade1= "";
}
if (user.Steacher1 == null)
{
user.Steacher1 = "";
}
SqlParameter[] para = new SqlParameter[]//存储相应参数的容器
{
new SqlParameter("@name",user.Sname1),
new SqlParameter("@sex",user.Ssex1),
new SqlParameter("@number",user.Snumber1),
new SqlParameter("@grade",user.Sgrade1),
new SqlParameter("@teacher",user.Steacher1),
};
int count = ExecuteCommand(sql, CommandType.Text, para);//调用执行sql语句函数
if (count>0)
{
return true;
}
else
{
return false;
}
}
//查询数据库表
public static DataTable Selecttable()
{
string sql = "select * from Student";
return GetDataTable(sql, CommandType.Text, null);
}
//删除用户
/****************删除用户返回影响行数*****************/
public static bool DeleteStudentBySnumber(string number)
{
string sql = "delete from Student where Snumber=@number";
SqlParameter[] para = new SqlParameter[]
{
new SqlParameter("@number",number),
};
int count = ExecuteCommand(sql, CommandType.Text, para);
if (count>0)
{
return true;
}
else
{
return false;
}
}
/****************删除用户返回表*****************/
public static DataTable DeleteStudentBySid(int id)
{
string sql = "delete from Student where Sid=@id";
SqlParameter[] para = new SqlParameter[]
{
new SqlParameter("@id",id),
};
return GetDataTable(sql, CommandType.Text, para);
}
//修改用户
public static bool ModifyStudent(Users user)
{
string sql = "update Student set Sname=@name,Ssex=@sex,Snumber=@number,Sgrade=@grade,Steacher=@teacher where Sid=@id";
SqlParameter[] para = new SqlParameter[]
{
new SqlParameter("@name",user.Sname1),
new SqlParameter("@sex",user.Ssex1),
new SqlParameter("@number",user.Snumber1),
new SqlParameter("@grade",user.Sgrade1),
new SqlParameter("@teacher",user.Steacher1),
new SqlParameter("@id",user.Sid1),
};
int count = ExecuteCommand(sql, CommandType.Text, para);
if (count > 0)
{
return true;
}
else
{
return false;
}
}
//查询用户
public static bool QueryStudent(string number)
{
string sql = "select * from Student where Snumber=@number";
SqlParameter[] para = new SqlParameter[]
{
new SqlParameter("@number",number),
};
int count = ExecuteCommand(sql, CommandType.Text, para);
if (count>0)
{
return true;
}
else
{
return false;
}
}
}
}
6.Dll层(逻辑层),只是一个中间层,负责参数的传递和调用DAL中的函数,注意头文件需要包含:using System.Data;using System.Data.SqlClient;using Model;using DAL;将Model和DAL类进行包含(先引用这两个类,引用方法在步骤五中已经介绍),Dll层每个函数的返回类型需要与DAL中相应函数的返回类型一致,我的Dll代码如下。
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Data;
using System.Data.SqlClient;
using Model;
using DAL;
namespace Dll
{
public class UserManage
{
public static bool add(Users user)
{
return UserService.AddStudent(user);
}
public static bool delete(string number)
{
return UserService.DeleteStudentBySnumber(number);
}
public static bool xiugai(string number)
{
return UserService.QueryStudent(number);
}
public static bool modify(Users user)
{
return UserService.ModifyStudent(user);
}
public static bool select(string number)
{
return UserService.QueryStudent(number);
}
public static DataTable table()
{
return UserService.Selecttable();
}
public static DataTable deletebyid(int id)
{
return UserService.DeleteStudentBySid(id);
}
}
}
7.在三层架构文件创建成功之后,只需要在前台引用Model和Dll即可,在using中添加using System.Data;using System.Data.SqlClient;using Model;using Dll;,剩余的就是控件的使用了,我用的是gridview控件进行数据表的操作,关于gridview控件的详细使用参考http://blog.csdn.net/21aspnet/article/details/1540301。我的前台代码如下。
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.UI;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls;
using System.Data;
using System.Data.SqlClient;
using Model;
using Dll;
namespace WebKuangJia
{
public partial class index : System.Web.UI.Page
{
protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if (!IsPostBack)//初次加载该页
{
gvbind();
}
}
protected void GridView1_RowDeleting(object sender, GridViewDeleteEventArgs e)
{
string number = GridView1.Rows[e.RowIndex].Cells[3].Text;
UserManage.delete(number);
// GridView1.DataBind();
gvbind();
}
protected void GridView1_SelectedIndexChanging(object sender, GridViewSelectEventArgs e)
{
GridView1.SelectedIndex = e.NewSelectedIndex;
//GridView1.DataBind();
gvbind();
}
protected void GridView1_RowEditing(object sender, GridViewEditEventArgs e)
{
GridView1.EditIndex = e.NewEditIndex;
// GridView1.DataBind();
gvbind();
}
protected void GridView1_RowUpdating(object sender, GridViewUpdateEventArgs e)
{
Users us = new Users();
us.Sid1 = GridView1.DataKeys[e.RowIndex].Value.ToString();//获取编辑行的数据主键值//((TextBox)GridView1.Rows[e.RowIndex].Cells[0].Controls[0]).Text;//[0].Controls[0]).Text;
us.Sname1 = ((TextBox)GridView1.Rows[e.RowIndex].Cells[1].Controls[0]).Text.ToString().Trim();//获取编辑行的第1列的textbox控件中的内容赋值给Users对象us的Sname1封装字段
us.Ssex1 = ((TextBox)GridView1.Rows[e.RowIndex].Cells[2].Controls[0]).Text.ToString().Trim();
us.Snumber1 = ((TextBox)GridView1.Rows[e.RowIndex].Cells[3].Controls[0]).Text.ToString().Trim();
us.Sgrade1 = ((TextBox)GridView1.Rows[e.RowIndex].Cells[4].Controls[0]).Text.ToString().Trim();
us.Steacher1 = ((TextBox)GridView1.Rows[e.RowIndex].Cells[5].Controls[0]).Text.ToString().Trim();
if (UserManage.modify(us))
{
GridView1.EditIndex = -1;
//GridView1.DataBind();
gvbind();
}
else
{
Response.Write("<script>alert('修改失败!')</script>");
}
}
protected void GridView1_RowCancelingEdit(object sender, GridViewCancelEditEventArgs e)
{
GridView1.EditIndex = -1;
// GridView1.DataBind();
gvbind();
}
private void gvbind()
{
DataTable list;//声明表变量
list = UserManage.table();
GridView1.DataSource = list;
GridView1.DataKeyNames = new string[] { "Sid" };//主键
GridView1.DataBind();
}
}
}
8.按照上述步骤即实现了网站的创建和数据的增删改查操作,其余网站的功能和上述类型,只需要添加相应的Model子类、Dll子类和DAL子类即可(所说的子类是在类库项目中添加的类而已,并进行相应代码的书写),我的数据库表如下,前台测试如下。