LeetCode 题解(248) : Encode and Decode Strings

题目：

Design an algorithm to encode a list of strings to a string. The encoded string is then sent over the network and is decoded back to the original list of strings.

Machine 1 (sender) has the function:

string encode(vector<string> strs) {
  // ... your code
  return encoded_string;
}

Machine 2 (receiver) has the function:

vector<string> decode(string s) {
  //... your code
  return strs;
}

So Machine 1 does:

string encoded_string = encode(strs);

and Machine 2 does:

vector<string> strs2 = decode(encoded_string);

strs2 in Machine 2 should be the same as strs in Machine 1.

Implement the encode and decode methods.

Note:

• The string may contain any possible characters out of 256 valid ascii characters. Your algorithm should be generalized enough to work on any possible characters.
• Do not use class member/global/static variables to store states. Your encode and decode algorithms should be stateless.
• Do not rely on any library method such as eval or serialize methods. You should implement your own encode/decode algorithm.

题解：

理论上用什么字符都无法分割，但是貌似大家都用len + "#"可以通过测试。

C++版：

class Codec {
public:

    // Encodes a list of strings to a single string.
    string encode(vector<string>& strs) {
        string s = "";
        for(auto i : strs) {
            s += to_string(i.length()) + "#" + i;
        }
        return s;
    }

    // Decodes a single string to a list of strings.
    vector<string> decode(string s) {
        vector<string> str;
        int i = 0;
        while(i < s.length()) {
            int sharp = s.find("#", i);
            int l = stoi(s.substr(i, sharp - i));
            str.push_back(s.substr(sharp + 1, l));
            i = sharp + l + 1;
        }
        return str;
    }
};

// Your Codec object will be instantiated and called as such:
// Codec codec;
// codec.decode(codec.encode(strs));

Java版：

public class Codec {

    // Encodes a list of strings to a single string.
    public String encode(List<String> strs) {
        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
        for(String s: strs) {
            sb.append(s.length());
            sb.append("#");
            sb.append(s);
        }
        return sb.toString();
    }

    // Decodes a single string to a list of strings.
    public List<String> decode(String s) {
        List<String> str = new ArrayList<>();
        int i = 0;
        while(i < s.length()) {
            int sharp = s.indexOf('#', i);
            int l = Integer.parseInt(s.substring(i, sharp));
            str.add(s.substring(sharp + 1, sharp + l + 1));
            i = sharp + l + 1;
        }
        return str;
    }
}

// Your Codec object will be instantiated and called as such:
// Codec codec = new Codec();
// codec.decode(codec.encode(strs));

Python版：

class Codec:

    def encode(self, strs):
        """Encodes a list of strings to a single string.
        
        :type strs: List[str]
        :rtype: str
        """
        s = ""
        for i in strs:
            s += str(len(i)) + "#" + i
        return s

    def decode(self, s):
        """Decodes a single string to a list of strings.
        
        :type s: str
        :rtype: List[str]
        """
        i, str = 0, []
        while i < len(s):
            sharp = s.find("#", i)
            l = int(s[i:sharp])
            str.append(s[sharp + 1:sharp + l + 1])
            i = sharp + l + 1
        return str

# Your Codec object will be instantiated and called as such:
# codec = Codec()
# codec.decode(codec.encode(strs))