Android之6.0 权限申请封装

之前一篇博客初试了Android6.0系统的动态权限申请，成功之后开始思考将权限申请功能封装以供更加方便的调用。

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查阅6.0系统权限相关的API，整个权限申请需要调用三个方法：

1. ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission() 

检查应用是否拥有该权限，被授权返回值为PERMISSION_GRANTED，否则返回PERMISSION_DENIED

 /**
     * Determine whether <em>you</em> have been granted a particular permission.
     *
     * @param permission The name of the permission being checked.
     *
     * @return {@link android.content.pm.PackageManager#PERMISSION_GRANTED} if you have the
     * permission, or {@link android.content.pm.PackageManager#PERMISSION_DENIED} if not.
     *
     * @see android.content.pm.PackageManager#checkPermission(String, String)
     */
    public static int checkSelfPermission(@NonNull Context context, @NonNull String permission) {
        if (permission == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("permission is null");
        }

        return context.checkPermission(permission, android.os.Process.myPid(), Process.myUid());
    }

2、ActivityCompat.requestPermissions()

/**
     * Requests permissions to be granted to this application. These permissions
     * must be requested in your manifest, they should not be granted to your app,
     * and they should have protection level {@link android.content.pm.PermissionInfo
     * #PROTECTION_DANGEROUS dangerous}, regardless whether they are declared by
     * the platform or a third-party app.
     * <p>
     * Normal permissions {@link android.content.pm.PermissionInfo#PROTECTION_NORMAL}
     * are granted at install time if requested in the manifest. Signature permissions
     * {@link android.content.pm.PermissionInfo#PROTECTION_SIGNATURE} are granted at
     * install time if requested in the manifest and the signature of your app matches
     * the signature of the app declaring the permissions.
     * </p>
     * <p>
     * If your app does not have the requested permissions the user will be presented
     * with UI for accepting them. After the user has accepted or rejected the
     * requested permissions you will receive a callback reporting whether the
     * permissions were granted or not. Your activity has to implement {@link
     * android.support.v4.app.ActivityCompat.OnRequestPermissionsResultCallback}
     * and the results of permission requests will be delivered to its {@link
     * android.support.v4.app.ActivityCompat.OnRequestPermissionsResultCallback#onRequestPermissionsResult(
     * int, String[], int[])} method.
     * </p>
     * <p>
     * Note that requesting a permission does not guarantee it will be granted and
     * your app should be able to run without having this permission.
     * </p>
     * <p>
     * This method may start an activity allowing the user to choose which permissions
     * to grant and which to reject. Hence, you should be prepared that your activity
     * may be paused and resumed. Further, granting some permissions may require
     * a restart of you application. In such a case, the system will recreate the
     * activity stack before delivering the result to your onRequestPermissionsResult(
     * int, String[], int[]).
     * </p>
     * <p>
     * When checking whether you have a permission you should use {@link
     * #checkSelfPermission(android.content.Context, String)}.
     * </p>
     *
     * @param activity The target activity.
     * @param permissions The requested permissions.
     * @param requestCode Application specific request code to match with a result
     *    reported to {@link OnRequestPermissionsResultCallback#onRequestPermissionsResult(
     *    int, String[], int[])}.
     *
     * @see #checkSelfPermission(android.content.Context, String)
     * @see #shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(android.app.Activity, String)
     */
    public static void requestPermissions(final @NonNull Activity activity,
            final @NonNull String[] permissions, final int requestCode) {
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 23) {
            ActivityCompatApi23.requestPermissions(activity, permissions, requestCode);
        } else if (activity instanceof OnRequestPermissionsResultCallback) {
            Handler handler = new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper());
            handler.post(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    final int[] grantResults = new int[permissions.length];

                    PackageManager packageManager = activity.getPackageManager();
                    String packageName = activity.getPackageName();

                    final int permissionCount = permissions.length;
                    for (int i = 0; i < permissionCount; i++) {
                        grantResults[i] = packageManager.checkPermission(
                                permissions[i], packageName);
                    }

                    ((OnRequestPermissionsResultCallback) activity).onRequestPermissionsResult(
                            requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
                }
            });
        }
    }

3、AppCompatActivity.onRequestPermissionsResult() 
该方法类似于Activity的OnActivityResult()的回调方法，主要接收请求授权的返回值

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下面开始在项目中进行权限封装： 
1、新建一个BaseActivity活动，extends自AppCompatActivity。这里将权限申请设计成基类，让项目中的所有活动都继承BaseActivity类。 
延伸学习：关于extends和implements的区别参考

2、声明两个Map类型的变量，用于存放取得权限后的运行和未获取权限时的运行。 
延伸学习：java中Map,List与Set的区别

 private Map<Integer, Runnable> allowablePermissionRunnables = new HashMap<>();
    private Map<Integer, Runnable> disallowblePermissionRunnables = new HashMap<>();

3、实现requesPermission方法。

* @param requestId            请求授权的Id，唯一即可
     * @param permission           请求的授权
     * @param allowableRunnable    同意授权后的操作
     * @param disallowableRunnable 禁止授权后的操作
     **/

    protected void requestPermission(int requestId, String permission,
                                     Runnable allowableRunnable, Runnable disallowableRunnable) {
        if (allowableRunnable == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("allowableRunnable == null");
        }
        allowablePermissionRunnables.put(requestId, allowableRunnable);

        if (disallowableRunnable != null) {
            disallowblePermissionRunnables.put(requestId, disallowableRunnable);

        }

        //版本判断
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 23) {
            //检查是否拥有权限
            int checkPermission = ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(MyApplication.getContext(), permission);
            if (checkPermission != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                //弹出对话框请求授权
                ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(BaseActivity.this, new String[]{permission}, requestId);
                return;
            } else {
                allowableRunnable.run();
            }
        } else {
            allowableRunnable.run();
        }
    }

4、实现onRequestPermissionsResult方法。

 @Override
    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, String[] permissions, int[] grantResults) {
        super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);

        if (grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){
            Runnable allowRun=allowablePermissionRunnables.get(requestCode);
            allowRun.run();
    }else {
            Runnable disallowRun = disallowblePermissionRunnables.get(requestCode);
            disallowRun.run();
        }
    }

5、调用

public static final String CONTACT_PERMISSION = android.Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS;
    public static final int readContactRequest = 1;

  @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.content_get_contacts);

        ContactsLv = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.ContactsLv);
        adapter = new ContactsAdapter(list, this);
        ContactsLv.setAdapter(adapter);

        requestPermission(readContactRequest, CONTACT_PERMISSION, new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                getContacts();
            }
        }, new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                getContactsDenied();
            }
        });


    }