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1. what’s the difference between .cer and .pem?
Both .cer and .pem are file extensions used for digital certificates, but there are some differences between them.
A .cer file is a binary file format that contains an X.509 digital certificate. It is typically used on Microsoft Windows platforms, and can be used to verify the identity of a user or device, or to secure communication between two parties. The .cer file can contain a public key, a private key, or both, and is often used for SSL/TLS encryption.
A .pem file, on the other hand, is a Base64-encoded ASCII file format that contains one or more certificates, as well as the private key associated with those certificates. The .pem file format is used primarily on Unix-based systems, including Linux and macOS. It is a widely used format for SSL/TLS certificates, and can be used for s