需要进行 Spring 整合 SpringMVC 吗 ?
还是否需要再加入 Spring 的 IOC 容器 ?
是否需要再 web.xml 文件中配置启动 Spring IOC 容器的 ContextLoaderListener ?
1. 需要: 通常情况下, 类似于数据源, 事务, 整合其他框架都是放在 spring 的配置文件中(而不是放在 SpringMVC 的配置文件中).
实际上放入 Spring 配置文件对应的 IOC 容器中的还有 Service 和 Dao.
2. 不需要: 都放在 SpringMVC 的配置文件中. 也可以分多个 Spring 的配置文件, 然后使用 import 节点导入其他的配置文件
Spring 的 IOC 容器和 SpringMVC 的 IOC 容器扫描的包有重合的部分, 就会导致有的 bean 会被创建 2 次,如下
web.xml
<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?> < web-app xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns = "http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation = "http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" id = "WebApp_ID" version = "2.5" > < context-param > < param-name > contextConfigLocation </ param-name > < param-value > classpath:beans.xml </ param-value > </ context-param > < listener > < listener-class > org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener </ listener-class > </ listener > < servlet > < servlet-name > springDispatcherServlet </ servlet-name > < servlet-class > org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet </ servlet-class > < init-param > < param-name > contextConfigLocation </ param-name > < param-value > classpath:springmvc.xml </ param-value > </ init-param > < load-on-startup > 1 </ load-on-startup > </ servlet > < servlet-mapping > < servlet-name > springDispatcherServlet </ servlet-name > < url-pattern > / </ url-pattern > </ servlet-mapping > </ web-app >
bean.xml
<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?> < beans xmlns = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd"> < context:component-scan base-package = "com.me" > </ context:component-scan > </ beans >
springmvc.xml
<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?> < beans xmlns = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:mvc = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xsi:schemaLocation ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.0.xsd"> < context:component-scan base-package = "com.me" /> < bean class = "org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" > < property name = "prefix" value = "/WEB-INF/views/" > </ property > < property name = "suffix" value = ".jsp" > </ property > </ bean > < mvc:default-servlet-handler /> < mvc:annotation-driven > </ mvc:annotation-driven > </ beans >
上面的配置会导致 Bean 被创建两次
所以 Spring 的 IOC 容器不应该扫描 SpringMVC 中的 bean, 对应的SpringMVC 的 IOC 容器不应该扫描 Spring 中的 bean
解决:
1. 使 Spring 的 IOC 容器扫描的包和 SpringMVC 的 IOC 容器扫描的包没有重合的部分.
但是有时候我们按业务模块创建包名,就不可避免有包重合,所以使用第二种方法
2. 使用 exclude-filter 和 include-filter 子节点来规定只能扫描的注解
bean.xml
<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?> < beans xmlns = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd"> < context:component-scan base-package = "com.me" > < context:exclude-filter type = "annotation" expression = "org.springframework.stereotype.Controller" /> < context:exclude-filter type = "annotation" expression = "org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice" /> </ context:component-scan > </ beans >
springmvc.xml
<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?> < beans xmlns = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:mvc = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xsi:schemaLocation ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.0.xsd"> <!--use-default-filters = "false" 表示不要使用默认的过滤器,此处的默认过滤器,会扫描包含Service,Component,Repository,Controller注解修饰的类; 只让springmvc IOC 扫描指定注解 --> < context:component-scan base-package = "com.atguigu.springmvc" use-default-filters = "false" > < context:include-filter type = "annotation" expression = "org.springframework.stereotype.Controller" /> < context:include-filter type = "annotation" expression = "org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice" /> </ context:component-scan > < bean class = "org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" > < property name = "prefix" value = "/WEB-INF/views/" > </ property > < property name = "suffix" value = ".jsp" > </ property > </ bean > < mvc:default-servlet-handler /> < mvc:annotation-driven > </ mvc:annotation-driven > </ beans >
SpringMVC 的 IOC 容器是 Spring IOC 容器的子容器 SpringMVC 的 IOC 容器中的 bean 可以来引用 Spring IOC 容器中的 bean. 返回来呢 ? 反之则不行. Spring IOC 容器中的 bean 却不能来引用 SpringMVC IOC 容器中的 bean! 多个 Spring IOC 容器之间可以设置为父子关系,以实现良好的解耦。 Spring MVC WEB 层容器可作为 “业务层” Spring容器的子容器:即 WEB 层容器可以引用业务层容器的 Bean,而业务层容器却访问不到 WEB 层容器的 Bean SpringMVC 的 IOC 容器是 Spring IOC 容器关系图解