组件通信实例解析

通过一个例子熟悉安卓组件通信：

第一：编写MainActivity：

package com.momo.componentcommunication;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.IntentFilter;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.MenuItem;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.TextView;

public class MainActivity extends Activity {
	public static final int CMD_STOP_SERVICE = 0;// 定义一个常量作为停止服务的标记
	private Button btnStart;// 启动服务按钮
	private Button btnStop;// 关闭服务按钮
	private TextView txtShow; // 用来接收Service传递过来的数据
	private DataReciver dataReciver;// 用来接收来自于Service的数据
	private OnClickListener myOnClickListener = new OnClickListener() {

		@Override
		public void onClick(View v) {
			// TODO Auto-generated method stub
			switch (v.getId()) {
			case R.id.btnStart:
				/** 创建Intent对象 */
				Intent startService = new Intent(MainActivity.this,
						RandomService.class);
				MainActivity.this.startService(startService);// 发送Intent启动Service
				break;
			case R.id.btnStop:
				/** 创建Intent对象 */
				Intent stopService = new Intent();
				stopService
						.setAction("com.momo.componentcommunication.RandomService.STOPACTION");
				stopService.putExtra("cmd", CMD_STOP_SERVICE);
				sendBroadcast(stopService);// 发送广播
				break;
			default:
				break;
			}
		}
	};

	/**
	 * @author Administrator
	 * @description 主要实现 Activity、Service、Broadcast Receiver 之间的通信 具体描述：在
	 *              Activity中通过单击启动Service按钮来启动一个Service,而Service就会启动一个线程，
	 *              让该线程定时产生一个随机数，并将其封装到Intent对象中传递给Activity，Activity接收到Intent后
	 *              提取其中的信息将其显示到TextView控件上面；在服务运行的时候，可以单击Activity上的停止按钮来停止服 务。
	 */

	@Override
	protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
		setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
		init();// 初始化
	}

	/**
	 * 初始化界面组件
	 */
	private void init() {
		/** 获取资源文件中的界面组件 */
		btnStart = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btnStart);
		btnStop = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btnStop);
		txtShow = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.txtShow);

		btnStart.setOnClickListener(myOnClickListener);
		btnStop.setOnClickListener(myOnClickListener);
	}

	/**
	 * 单击按钮的监听器
	 */

	@Override
	protected void onStart() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		dataReciver = new DataReciver();
		IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter();// 创建IntentFilter对象
		filter.addAction("main_activity");
		registerReceiver(dataReciver, filter);// 注册Broadcast Receiver
		super.onStart();
	}

	@Override
	protected void onStop() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		unregisterReceiver(dataReciver);// 取消注册Broadcast Receiver
		super.onStop();
	}

	/**
	 * 
	 * @author Administrator
	 *         内部类描述：服务启动后也会向Activity发Intent，所以Activity也必须注册一个Broadcast
	 *         Receiver组件 用来接受Intent，注册之前需要编写实现了Broadcast Receiver 的子类，如下
	 *
	 */
	private class DataReciver extends BroadcastReceiver {
		@Override
		public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
			// TODO Auto-generated method stub
			double data = intent.getDoubleExtra("data", 0);
			txtShow.setText("来自于Service的数据：" + data);// 将接收到的数据显示在屏幕上
		}
	}

}

第二：编写RandomService：

package com.momo.componentcommunication;

import android.app.Service;
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.IntentFilter;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.util.Log;

public class RandomService extends Service {
	public static final String TAG = "MYSERVICE";

	private boolean flag;// 线程是否执行的标志
	CommandReceiver cmdReceiver;

	/**
	 * 重写onCreate方法
	 */
	@Override
	public void onCreate() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		Log.i(TAG, "MyService:onCreate()");

		flag = true;// 设置线程执行状态为：执行状态
		cmdReceiver = new CommandReceiver();
		super.onCreate();
	}

	@Override
	public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		Log.i(TAG, "MyService:onBind()");
		return null;
	}

	@Override
	public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub

		Log.i(TAG, "MyService:onStartCommand");

		IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter();// 创建IntentFilter对象
		registerReceiver(cmdReceiver, filter);// 注册Broadcast Receiver
		doJob();// 调用方法启动线程

		return super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId);
	}

	@Override
	public void onDestroy() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		Log.i(TAG, "MyService:onDestroy");

		unregisterReceiver(cmdReceiver);// 取消注册Broadcast Receiver
		super.onDestroy();
	}

	public void doJob() {
		new Thread() {// 创建一个新线程
			public void run() {// 重写线程的run方法
				while (true) {
					try {
						Thread.sleep(1000);// 线程睡眠一秒钟
					} catch (Exception e) {
						// TODO: handle exception
					}
					Intent intent = new Intent();// 创建Intent对象
					intent.setAction("com.momo.componentcommunication.MainActivity");
					intent.putExtra("data", Math.random());// 以data为键，随机数为值
					sendBroadcast(intent);// 发送广播
				}
			}
		}.start();
	}

	/**
	 * 
	 * @author Administrator 继承于BroadcastReceiver的子类
	 *
	 */
	private class CommandReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {

		@Override
		public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
			// TODO Auto-generated method stub

			Log.i(TAG, "CommandReceiver:onReceive");

			/** 从 intent 对象中取出以“cmd”为键的值 */
			int cmd = intent.getIntExtra("cmd", -1);// 获取Extra信息
			/** 如果发来的消息是停止服务 */
			if (cmd == MainActivity.CMD_STOP_SERVICE) {
				flag = false;// 停止线程
				stopSelf();// 停止服务
			}

		}
	}

}

布局文件：

<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context="${relativePackage}.${activityClass}" >

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/btnStart"
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="开启服务" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/btnStop"
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_alignParentLeft="true"
        android:layout_below="@+id/btnStart"
        android:text="停止服务" />

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/txtShow"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_alignParentLeft="true"
        android:layout_below="@+id/btnStop"
        android:layout_marginTop="42dp"
        android:padding="20dip"
        android:text="等待接收来自Service的数据" />

</RelativeLayout>

配置文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="com.momo.componentcommunication"
    android:versionCode="1"
    android:versionName="1.0" >

    <uses-sdk
        android:minSdkVersion="8"
        android:targetSdkVersion="16" />

    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:theme="@style/AppTheme" >
        <activity
            android:name=".MainActivity"
            android:label="@string/app_name" >
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
        <service android:name=".RandomService" android:process=":remote" >
			<intent-filter>
				<action android:name="com.momo.componentcommunication.RandomService.STOPACTION"/>
			</intent-filter>
		</service>
    </application>

</manifest>