设计模式——中介者模式

定义

用一个中介对象来封装一系列的对象交互。中介者使各对象不需要显式地相互引用，从而使其耦合松散，而且可以独立地改变它们之间的交互。

UML

示例代码

// 比如两个同事分别熟悉CTS和SElinux的问题，现在要找他们协助，就需要找PM协调
// 同事之间不一定都认识，但PM肯定认识。所以PM作为中介者
interface Mediator {
	public void send(String msg, Colleague colleague);
}
// PM认识所有同事，所以会持有同事们的实例，然后管理同事
public class ConcreteMediator implements Mediator {

	private ConcreteColleague1 tom;
	private ConcreteColleague2 jerry;

	public void setTom(ConcreteColleague1 tom) {
		this.tom = tom;
	}

	public void setJerry(ConcreteColleague2 jerry) {
		this.jerry = jerry;
	}
	
	@Override
	public void send(String msg, Colleague colleague) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		if (colleague.getClass().equals(tom.getClass())) {
			jerry.notify(msg);
		} else {
			tom.notify(msg);
		}
	}

}
//同事只认识PM  由PM转发消息
abstract class Colleague {
	protected Mediator mediator;
	
	public Colleague(Mediator mediator) {
		this.mediator = mediator;
	}
}
public class ConcreteColleague1 extends Colleague {

	public ConcreteColleague1(Mediator mediator) {
		super(mediator);
	}
	
	public void send(String msg) {
		mediator.send(msg, this);
	}
	
	public void notify(String msg) {
		System.out.println("Hi Tom: " + msg);
	}
}
public class ConcreteColleague2 extends Colleague {

	public ConcreteColleague2(Mediator mediator) {
		super(mediator);
	}
	
	public void send(String msg) {
		mediator.send(msg, this);
	}
	
	public void notify(String msg) {
		System.out.println("Hi Jerry: " + msg);
	}

}
//客户代码
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		ConcreteMediator mediator = new ConcreteMediator();
		
		ConcreteColleague1 tom = new ConcreteColleague1(mediator);
		ConcreteColleague2 jerry = new ConcreteColleague2(mediator);
		
		mediator.setTom(tom);
		mediator.setJerry(jerry);
		
		tom.send("Could you do the CTS job?");
		jerry.send("Could you do the SElinux job?");
	}
//输出
Hi Jerry: Could you do the CTS job?
Hi Tom: Could you do the SElinux job?

评价

当系统出现多对多交互复杂的对象群时，不要急着使用中介者模式，而要先反思你的系统在设计上是不是合理。

优点： 减少各个Colleague之间的耦合，使得可以独立地改变和复用各个Colleague类和Mediator 缺点： Mediator实现过于复杂

计算器就是中介者模式的实现，所有按键以及屏幕互相不了解，中介者处理按键结果给屏幕显示

适用于一组对象用定义良好但是复杂的方式进行通信的场合

原文：https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/1341548