《深入理解C#》——协变性和逆变性（第五章）

1、委托参数的逆变性

public Form1()
{
	InitializeComponent();

	//原始
	button1.Click += LogPlainEvent;
	button1.KeyPress += LogKeyEvent;
	button1.MouseClick += LogMouseEvent;

	//裂变性示例
	button2.Click += LogEvent;
	button2.KeyPress += LogEvent;
	button2.MouseClick += LogEvent;
}

static void LogPlainEvent(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
	MessageBox.Show("LogPlain");
}
static void LogKeyEvent(object sender, KeyPressEventArgs e)
{
	MessageBox.Show("LogKey");
}
static void LogMouseEvent(object sender, MouseEventArgs e)
{
	MessageBox.Show("LogMouse");
}

static void LogEvent(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
	MessageBox.Show("An event occurred");
}

KeyPressEventArgss和 MouseEventArgs都是从EventArgs派生而来

所以可以将LogEvent方法直接赋值给KeyPress和MouseClick委托

Click、KeyPress和MouseClick的三个委托类型定义分别是

public delegate void EventHandler(object sender, EventArgs e)
public delegate void KeyPressEventHandler(object sender, KeyPressEventArgs e)
public delegate void MouseEventHandler(object sender, MouseEventArgs e)

2、委托返回类型的协变性

//声明返回Stream的委托类型
delegate Stream StreamFactory();

//声明返回MemoryStream的方法
static MemoryStream GenerateSampleDate()
{
	byte[] buffer = new byte[16];
	for (int i = 0; i < buffer.Length; i++)
	{
		buffer[i] = (byte)i;
	}
	return new MemoryStream(buffer);
}


//利用协变性来转换方法组
StreamFactory factory = GenerateSampleDate;

//调用委托以获得Stream
//factory返回的是一个MemoryStream类型的对象
//因为具有协变性,所有可以将对象赋值给stream对象
using (Stream stream = factory())
{
	int data;
	while ((data = stream.ReadByte()) != -1)
	{
		Console.WriteLine(data);
	}
}