centos7通过二进制文件安装mysql5.7

1、系统软件环境

系统信息：

[root@centos7 ~]# cat /proc/version
Linux version 3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64 (builder@kbuilder.dev.centos.org) (gcc version 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-28) (GCC) ) #1 SMP Fri Apr 20 16:44:24 UTC 2018

mysql版本：mysql-5.7.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz(下载地址)

2、上传MySQL二进制包并解压

[root@centos7 mysql]# ls
mysql-5.7.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
[root@centos7 mysql]# tar -xvf mysql-5.7.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz 

3、创建/usr/local/mysql并转移二进制文件

[root@centos7 mysql]# mkdir /usr/local/mysql
[root@centos7 mysql]# mv mysql-5.7.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/* /usr/local/mysql
[root@centos7 mysql]# cd /usr/local/mysql/
[root@centos7 mysql]# ll
总用量 292
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root    4096 10月 14 17:37 bin
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root      55 10月 14 17:37 docs
drwxr-xr-x.  3 root root    4096 10月 14 17:37 include
drwxr-xr-x.  5 root root     230 10月 14 17:37 lib
-rw-r--r--.  1 7161 31415 279547 9月  27 15:00 LICENSE
drwxr-xr-x.  4 root root      30 10月 14 17:37 man
-rw-r--r--.  1 7161 31415    587 9月  27 15:00 README
drwxr-xr-x. 28 root root    4096 10月 14 17:37 share
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root      90 10月 14 17:37 support-files

4、创建mysql用户以及data目录

[root@centos7 mysql]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin -M mysql
[root@centos7 mysql]# mkdir data
[root@centos7 mysql]# pwd
/usr/local/mysql
[root@centos7 mysql]# chown -R mysql:mysql ./
[root@centos7 mysql]# ll
总用量 292
drwxr-xr-x.  2 mysql mysql   4096 10月 14 17:37 bin
drwxr-xr-x.  2 mysql mysql      6 10月 14 17:42 data
drwxr-xr-x.  2 mysql mysql     55 10月 14 17:37 docs
drwxr-xr-x.  3 mysql mysql   4096 10月 14 17:37 include
drwxr-xr-x.  5 mysql mysql    230 10月 14 17:37 lib
-rw-r--r--.  1 mysql mysql 279547 9月  27 15:00 LICENSE
drwxr-xr-x.  4 mysql mysql     30 10月 14 17:37 man
-rw-r--r--.  1 mysql mysql    587 9月  27 15:00 README
drwxr-xr-x. 28 mysql mysql   4096 10月 14 17:37 share
drwxr-xr-x.  2 mysql mysql     90 10月 14 17:37 support-files

useradd参数说明：-s /sbin/nologin(不允许登录)，-M(不创建主目录)

5、接下来初始化数据库安装

[root@centos7 mysql]# cd /usr/local/mysql/bin/
[root@centos7 bin]# ./mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data/
2019-10-14T09:44:56.563354Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2019-10-14T09:44:57.070733Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2019-10-14T09:44:57.275325Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2019-10-14T09:44:57.390688Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 48524e06-ee67-11e9-b446-080027a2aac6.
2019-10-14T09:44:57.407672Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2019-10-14T09:44:59.129046Z 0 [Warning] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
2019-10-14T09:44:59.338406Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: FiFOMii4ts+V

初始化的密码：FiFOMii4ts+V，看打印的日志最后的日志

6、设置mysql服务开机自启动

[root@centos7 mysql]# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@centos7 mysql]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@centos7 mysql]# chkconfig --add mysqld
[root@centos7 mysql]# chkconfig --list mysqld

注：该输出结果只显示 SysV 服务，并不包含
原生 systemd 服务。SysV 配置数据
可能被原生 systemd 配置覆盖。 

      要列出 systemd 服务，请执行 'systemctl list-unit-files'。
      查看在具体 target 启用的服务请执行
      'systemctl list-dependencies [target]'。

mysqld          0:关    1:关    2:开    3:开    4:开    5:开    6:关
[root@centos7 mysql]# service mysqld status
 ERROR! MySQL is not running
[root@centos7 mysql]# service mysqld start
Starting MySQL.2019-10-14T09:48:40.824879Z mysqld_safe error: log-error set to '/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log', however file don't exists. Create writable for user 'mysql'.
 ERROR! The server quit without updating PID file (/var/lib/mysql/centos7.pid).

通过打印的日志，可以看出是缺少日志文件和pid文件，通常这些文件是在my.cnf文件配置，添加my.cnf文件

7、修改/etc/my.cnf并创建/var/run/mysqld目录，并重启MySQL

[root@centos7 mysql]# vi /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
user=mysql

# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0

# Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used.
# If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group,
# customize your systemd unit file for mariadb according to the
# instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd

[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

#
# include all files from the config directory
#
!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d

~
"/etc/my.cnf" 22L, 579C written
[root@centos7 mysql]# mkdir /var/lib/mysql
[root@centos7 mysql]# chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql
[root@centos7 mysql]# service mysqld status
 ERROR! MySQL is not running, but lock file (/var/lock/subsys/mysql) exists
[root@centos7 mysql]# service mysqld start
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS! 

8、环境变量配置，将mysql的bin目录加入PATH环境变量，

[root@centos7 mysql]# vi /etc/profile
# /etc/profile

.....

unset i
unset -f pathmunge

PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin
export PATH

执行命令使其生效

[root@centos7 mysql]# source /etc/profile
[root@centos7 mysql]# echo $PATH
/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin:/usr/local/mysql/bin

9、常见问题处理

   1、

[root@centos7 mysql]# mysql
ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/tmp/mysql.sock' (2)

解决方案：

[root@centos7 mysql]# ln -s /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock /tmp/mysql.sock

 

   2、忘记密码

        my.cnf中[mysqld]下面加skip-grant-tables，重启MySQL，修改密码，删除my.cnf中[mysqld]下面skip-grant-tables，重启MySQL

[root@centos7 mysql]# mysql
mysql> use mysql;
mysql> update user set authentication_string=PASSWORD('test@123456') where user='root';
mysql> flush privileges;
mysql> exit
[root@centos7 mysql]# service mysql restart

   3、给root授予在任意主机（%）访问任意数据库的所有权限

mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by 'admin@123' with grant option;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)