UVA 10479 - The Hendrie Sequence(规律+递归)

Hendrie Sequence

The Hendrie Sequence ``H" is a self-describing sequence defined as follows:

• H(1) = 0
• If we expand every number x in H to a subsequence containing x 0's followed by the number x + 1, the resulting sequence is still H (without its first element).

Thus, the first few elements of H are:

0,1,0,2,1,0,0,3,0,2,1,1,0,0,0,4,1,0,0,3,0,...

You must write a program that, given n, calculates the nth element of H.

Input 

Each test case consists of a single line containing the integer  n  (   0 < n < 2⁶³ ) . Input is terminated with a line containing the number ` 0 ' which of course should not be processed.

Output 

For each test case, output the  n th element of H on a single line.

Sample Input 

4
7
44
806856837013209088
0

Sample Output 

2
0
3
16

题意：求Hendrie序列第n项是多少。

思路：写出前几个序列为

0 1 02 1003 02110004 1003020211100005.....

发现规律，以1,2,4,8为长度分界，每个串由1个i-2串,2个i-3串,3个i-4串....最后末尾在加上i。有了这个规律便可以递归求解，n表示为当前还需要的长度，然后用2*m去找到一个不小于n的数字，如果等于，说明正好找到了，如果大于，那么从后面往前考虑，先把0和1的情况考虑完。如果还不满足，继续往前考虑长度为2以上的串，如果找到一个小于的，说明就在这个情况里面，然后剩下的长度为2 * 长度 - n。递归求解。

这题被坑得很惨啊，主要是题目n范围太大了，要用unsigned long long才能存的下，并且一开始求2次方的时候直接用log去求，结果由于n很大会有误差。看了网上别人一个代码，知道有1ULL这个东西，如果用1ULL，那么左移位数就可以为63位了。

代码：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

unsigned long long n;

unsigned long long solve(unsigned long long n) {
	unsigned long long m;
	while ((1ULL<<m) < n) {m++;}
	if ((1ULL<<m) == n) return m;
	n = (1ULL<<m) - n - 1;
	if (n < m - 1) return 0;
	else n -= m - 1;
	if (n < m - 2) return 1;
	else n -= m - 2;
	for (unsigned long long k = 1; ; k++) {
		unsigned long long len = (1ULL<<k);
		for (unsigned long long i = 0; i < m - k - 2; i++) {
			if (n < len)
				return solve(2 * len - n);
			else n -= len;
		}
	}
}

int main() {
	while (cin >> n && n) {
		cout << solve(n) << endl;
	}
	return 0;
}