Oracle 生成和显示执行计划的方法
生成执行计划
一条合法的语句在执行之后,就会在内存中至少产生一条执行计划,可以从视图v$sql_plan查询。每一条执行计划对于一个游标。一条语句生产的第一个游标的CHILD_NUMBER(即v$sql_plan中的CHILD_NUMBER)为0,同一条sql语句可能因为环境或版本等其他因素不同而产生不同的执行计划,也就是说一条sql可能有多个CHILD_NUMBER。
除执行过的sql会在内存中生成执行计划外,还可以通过explain plan让优化器对sql语句进行解析,生成查询计划。执行explain plan命令后,oracle会将解释生成的执行计划插入sys.plan_table$(10g之前,表名为plan_table;10g之后,通过公共同义词plan_table指向sys.plan_table$)中。explain plan产生的执行计划不会在语句执行时重用,而是以类似explain plan for<SQL>的形式在缓存中。
显示执行计划
通过DBMS_XPLAN包显示执行计划(推荐)
DBMS_XPLAN含有5个函数用于输出格式化的执行计划,如下:
display:显示explain plan命令解释的执行计划
display_cursor:显示内存中的执行计划
display_awr:awr历史数据中的执行计划
display_sqlset:SQL优化集中语句的执行计划
display_sql_plan_baseline:SQL执行计划基线
display的用法
语法:
DBMS_XPLAN.DISPLAY( table_name IN VARCHAR2 DEFAULT 'PLAN_TABLE', statement_id IN VARCHAR2 DEFAULT NULL, format IN VARCHAR2 DEFAULT 'TYPICAL', filter_preds IN VARCHAR2 DEFAULT NULL);参数:
Parameter | Description |
---|---|
| 存储查询计划的表名,默认值为PLAN_TABLE |
| 要显示查询计划的SQL语句的ID,如果为空,就会获取最近一条被解释的语句 |
| 输出格式,有以下几种预定义的格式可选择,还可以自定义(这里不多说):
|
| 该参数用谓词条件过滤存储执行计划的表,例如'plan_id = 10或cost>100(显示估算代价大于100的操作),该值默认为空 |
示例:
- 用explain plan执行sql语句:
- EXPLAIN PLAN FOR
- SELECT * FROM emp e, dept d
- WHERE e.deptno = d.deptno
- AND e.ename='benoit';
- Display the plan using the DBMS_XPLAN.DISPLAY table function
- SET LINESIZE 130
- SET PAGESIZE 0
- SELECT * FROM table(DBMS_XPLAN.DISPLAY);
- 输出结果如下
- Plan hash value: 3693697075
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
- | Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time |
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
- | 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 1 | 57 | 6 (34)| 00:00:01 |
- |* 1 | HASH JOIN | | 1 | 57 | 6 (34)| 00:00:01 |
- |* 2 | TABLE ACCESS FULL| EMP | 1 | 37 | 3 (34)| 00:00:01 |
- | 3 | TABLE ACCESS FULL| DEPT | 4 | 80 | 3 (34)| 00:00:01 |
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
- ---------------------------------------------------
- 1 - access("E"."DEPTNO"="D"."DEPTNO")
- 2 - filter("E"."ENAME"='benoit')
- 15 rows selected.
display_cursor的用法
display_cursor可以显示内存中一个或多个游标的执行计划.
语法:
DBMS_XPLAN.DISPLAY_CURSOR( sql_id IN VARCHAR2 DEFAULT NULL, child_number IN NUMBER DEFAULT NULL, format IN VARCHAR2 DEFAULT 'TYPICAL');参数:
Parameter | Description |
---|---|
| 要显示执行计划的sql语句的ID |
| 子游标序号 |
| 输出格式 同于display输出格式 |
示例:
- <span style="color:#009900;">display_cursor 默认是获得由本session执行的之后一条语句的执行计划:</span>
- SELECT ename FROM emp e, dept d
- WHERE e.deptno = d.deptno
- AND e.empno=7369;
- ENAME
- ----------
- SMITH
- SET PAGESIZE 0
- SELECT * FROM table(DBMS_XPLAN.DISPLAY_CURSOR);
- <span style="color:#009900;">输出结果如下:</span>
- Plan hash value: 3693697075, SQL hash value: 2096952573, child number: 0
- ------------------------------------------------------------------
- SELECT ename FROM emp e, dept d WHERE e.deptno = d.deptno
- AND e.empno=7369
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
- | Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time |
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
- | 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | | | | |
- |* 1 | HASH JOIN | | 1 | 16 | 6 (34)| 00:00:01 |
- |* 2 | TABLE ACCESS FULL| EMP | 1 | 13 | 3 (34)| 00:00:01 |
- | 3 | TABLE ACCESS FULL| DEPT | 4 | 12 | 3 (34)| 00:00:01 |
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
- ---------------------------------------------------
- 1 - access("E"."DEPTNO"="D"."DEPTNO")
- 2 - filter("E"."EMPNO"=7369)
- 21 rows selected.
- <span style="color:#009900;">还可以用下面的方式获得SQL_ID和CHILD_NUMBER</span>
- SELECT /* TOTO */ ename, dname
- FROM dept d join emp e USING (deptno);
- <span style="color:#009900;">用上面的语句得到 sql_id和child_number:</span>
- SELECT sql_id, child_number
- FROM v$sql
- WHERE sql_text LIKE '%TOTO%';
- SQL_ID CHILD_NUMBER
- ---------- -----------------------------
- gwp663cqh5qbf 0
- SELECT * FROM table(DBMS_XPLAN.DISPLAY_CURSOR(('gwp663cqh5qbf',0));
- Plan hash value: 3693697075, SQL ID: gwp663cqh5qbf, child number: 0
- --------------------------------------------------------
- SELECT /* TOTO */ ename, dname
- FROM dept d JOIN emp e USING (deptno);
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
- | Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time |
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
- | 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | | | 7 (100)| |
- | 1 | SORT GROUP BY | | 4 | 64 | 7 (43)| 00:00:01 |
- |* 2 | HASH JOIN | | 14 | 224 | 6 (34)| 00:00:01 |
- | 3 | TABLE ACCESS FULL| DEPT | 4 | 44 | 3 (34)| 00:00:01 |
- | 4 | TABLE ACCESS FULL| EMP | 14 | 70 | 3 (34)| 00:00:01 |
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
- ---------------------------------------------------
- 2 - access("E"."DEPTNO"="D"."DEPTNO")
- <span style="color:#009900;">上边的两步还可以用下面的方法一次性得到</span>
- SELECT t.*
- FROM v$sql s, table(DBMS_XPLAN.DISPLAY_CURSOR(s.sql_id, s.child_number)) t WHERE sql_text LIKE '%TOTO%';