python3-字典

"""
字典

版本: v1.0
日期: 2019.03.26
作者: Catherine
python版本: 3.7
"""


scores = {'Catherine': 95, 'Mike': 78, 'Joey': 82}
# 通过键可以获取字典中对应的值
print(scores['Catherine'])
print(scores['Joey'])

# 对字典进行遍历(遍历的其实是键再通过键取对应的值)
for elem in scores:
    print('%s\t--->\t%d' % (elem, scores[elem]))

# 更新字典中的元素
scores['Mike'] = 65
print(scores)
scores['诸葛王朗'] = 71
print(scores)
scores.update(冷面=67, 方启鹤=85)
print(scores)
if '武则天' in scores:
    print(scores['武则天'])
print(scores.get('武则天'))  # None

# get方法也是通过键获取对应的值但是可以设置默认值
print(scores.get('武则天', 60))  # 60
print(scores)  # {'Catherine': 95, 'Mike': 65, 'Joey': 82, '诸葛王朗': 71, '冷面': 67, '方启鹤': 85}

# 删除字典中的元素
print(scores.popitem())  # ('方启鹤', 85)
print(scores)  # {'Catherine': 95, 'Mike': 65, 'Joey': 82, '诸葛王朗': 71, '冷面': 67}
print(scores.popitem())  # ('冷面', 67)
print(scores)  # {'Catherine': 95, 'Mike': 65, 'Joey': 82, '诸葛王朗': 71}
print(scores.pop('Catherine', 100))  # 95
print(scores)  # {'Mike': 65, 'Joey': 82, '诸葛王朗': 71}

# 清空字典
scores.clear()
print(scores)  # {}


stu = {'name': 'Catherine', 'age': 30, 'gender': True}
print(stu)  # {'name': 'Catherine', 'age': 30, 'gender': True}
print(stu.keys())  # dict_keys(['name', 'age', 'gender'])
print(stu.values())  # dict_values(['Catherine', 30, True])
print(stu.items())  # dict_items([('name', 'Catherine'), ('age', 30), ('gender', True)])

for elem in stu.items():
    print(elem)
    print(elem[0], elem[1])

if 'age' in stu:
    stu['age'] = 20
print(stu)

stu.setdefault('score', 60)
print(stu)  # {'name': 'Catherine', 'age': 30, 'gender': True, 'score': 60}
stu.setdefault('score', 100)
print(stu)  # {'name': 'Catherine', 'age': 30, 'gender': True, 'score': 60}
stu['score'] = 100
print(stu)  # {'name': 'Catherine', 'age': 30, 'gender': True, 'score': 100}