#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
using namespace std;
int main () {
int cas, n, m, z, l;
scanf("%d", &cas);
while (cas--) {
scanf("%d%d%d%d", &n, &m, &z, &l);
int ans = 0, a = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
ans ^= (2 * a);
a = (1LL * a * m + z) % l;
}
printf("%d\n", ans);
}
return 0;
}