ubuntu下如何查看软件安装目录以及安装版本

附上原文网址http://blog.csdn.net/micheal_j/article/details/7386623

1.查询版本

1)aptitude show 软件名

例如：aptitude show kde-runtime 

显示如下：

[html] view plain copy

1. ****@ubuntu:~$ aptitude show kde-runtime  
2. 软件包： kde-runtime               
3. 状态: 未安装  
4. 版本号： 4:4.8.1-0ubuntu1  
5. 优先级： 可选  
6. 部分： kde  
7. 维护者： Kubuntu Developers <kubuntu-devel@lists.ubuntu.com>  
8. 未压缩尺寸： 9,607 k  
9. 依赖于: libasound2 (>= 1.0.23), libattica0.3 (>= 0.3.0), libc6 (>= 2.15),  
10.            libcanberra0 (>= 0.2), libexiv2-11, libgcc1 (>= 1:4.1.1), libjpeg8  
11.            (>= 8c), libkcmutils4 (>= 4:4.8.1), libkdeclarative5 (>= 4:4.7.0),  
12.            libkdecore5 (>= 4:4.8.1), libkdesu5 (>= 4:4.8.1), libkdeui5 (>=  
13.            4:4.8.1), libkdewebkit5 (>= 4:4.8.1), libkdnssd4 (>= 4:4.8.1),  
14.            libkemoticons4 (>= 4:4.8.1), libkfile4 (>= 4:4.8.1), libkhtml5 (>=  
15.            4:4.8.1), libkidletime4 (>= 4:4.8.1), libkio5 (>= 4:4.8.1),  
16.            libkmediaplayer4 (>= 4:4.8.1), libknewstuff3-4 (>= 4:4.8.1),  
17.            libknotifyconfig4 (>= 4:4.8.1), libkparts4 (>= 4:4.8.1), libkpty4 (>=  
18.            4:4.8.1), libnepomuk4 (>= 4:4.8.1), libnepomukdatamanagement4 (>=  
19.            4:4.8.1), libnepomukquery4a (>= 4:4.8.1), libnepomuksync4 (>=  
20.            4:4.8.1), libntrack-qt4-1 (>= 005), libopenexr6 (>= 1.6.1),  
21.            libphonon4 (>= 4:4.7.0really4.5.0), libplasma3 (>= 4:4.8.1),  
22.            libpulse-mainloop-glib0 (>= 1:0.99.1), libpulse0 (>= 1:0.99.1),  
23.            libqt4-dbus (>= 4:4.6.1), libqt4-declarative (>= 4:4.7.0~rc1),  
24.            libqt4-network (>= 4:4.5.3), libqt4-script (>= 4:4.6.1), libqt4-svg  
25.            (>= 4:4.5.3), libqt4-xml (>= 4:4.5.3), libqtcore4 (>= 4:4.8.0),  
26.            libqtgui4 (>= 4:4.8.0), libqtwebkit4 (>= 2.2~2011week36),  
27.            libsmbclient (>= 2:3.2.0), libsolid4 (>= 4:4.8.1), libsoprano4 (>=  
28.            2.6.51), libssh-4 (>= 0.3.91), libstdc++6 (>= 4.6),  
29.            libstreamanalyzer0 (>= 0.7.7), libstreams0 (>= 0.7.7), libx11-6,  
30.            libxcursor1 (> 1.1.2), phonon, perl, kde-runtime-data (>=  
31.            4:4.8.1-0ubuntu1), kdelibs5-plugins (>= 4:4.8.1), oxygen-icon-theme  
32.            (>= 4:4.6), shared-desktop-ontologies, plasma-scriptengine-javascript  
33.            (= 4:4.8.1-0ubuntu1)  
34. 推荐: udisks, upower, virtuoso-minimal, kubuntu-debug-installer, icoutils,  
35.         libcanberra-pulse | libcanberra-gstreamer  
36. 建议: djvulibre-bin, finger  
37. 冲突: kdelibs4-dev  
38. 破坏: kdebase-runtime (< 4:4.6.80), kdebase-runtime-bin-kde4,  
39.         kdebase-runtime-data (< 4:4.4.80), kdebase-workspace-bin (< 4:4.6),  
40.         kdebluetooth (< 1.0~beta7-1), kdelibs5 (< 4:4.4.80), kdelibs5-plugins (<  
41.         4:4.5), nepomukcontroller, plasma-netbook (< 4:4.5.95),  
42.         plasma-scriptengine-declarative, plasma-scriptengine-javascript (<  
43.         4:4.6.80)  
44. 代替: kdebase-runtime (< 4:4.6.80), kdebase-runtime-bin-kde4,  
45.         kdebase-runtime-data (< 4:4.4.80), kdebase-workspace-bin (< 4:4.6),  
46.         kdebluetooth (< 1.0~beta7-1), kdelibs5 (< 4:4.4.80), kdelibs5-plugins (<  
47.         4:4.5), nepomukcontroller, plasma-netbook (< 4:4.5.95),  
48.         plasma-scriptengine-declarative, plasma-scriptengine-javascript (<  
49.         4:4.6.80)  
50. 描述： runtime components from the official KDE release  
51.  KDE is produced by an international technology team that creates free and open  
52.  source software for desktop and portable computing. Among KDE's products are a  
53.  modern desktop system for Linux and UNIX platforms, comprehensive office  
54.  productivity and groupware suites and hundreds of software titles in many  
55.  categories including Internet and web applications, multimedia, entertainment,  
56.  educational, graphics and software development.   
57.    
58.  This package contains programs and data needed at runtime by KDE applications.  
59. 主页： http://www.kde.org/  

2)dpkg -l软件名

 例如：dpkg -l gedit 

[html] view plain copy

1. *****@ubuntu:~$ dpkg -l gedit  
2. 期望状态=未知(u)/安装(i)/删除(r)/清除(p)/保持(h)  
3. | 状态=未安装(n)/已安装(i)/仅存配置(c)/仅解压缩(U)/配置失败(F)/不完全安装(H)/触发器等待(W)/触发器未决(T)  
4. |/ 错误?=(无)/须重装(R) (状态，错误：大写=故障)  
5. ||/ 名称         版本         描述  
6. +++-==============-==============-============================================  
7. ii  gedit          3.3.8-0ubuntu1 official text editor of the GNOME desktop en  

2.查询安装路径

1)dpkg -L 软件名

例如：dpkg -L gedit  

[html] view plain copy

1. *****@ubuntu:~$ dpkg -L gedit  
2. /.  
3. /usr  
4. /usr/bin  
5. /usr/bin/gedit  
6. /usr/share  
7. /usr/share/applications  
8. /usr/share/applications/gedit.desktop  
9. /usr/share/dbus-1  
10. /usr/share/dbus-1/services  
11. /usr/share/dbus-1/services/org.gnome.gedit.service  
12. /usr/share/bug  
13. /usr/share/bug/gedit  
14. /usr/share/bug/gedit/script  
15. /usr/share/pyshared  
16. /usr/share/pyshared/gi  
17. /usr/share/pyshared/gi/overrides  
18. /usr/share/pyshared/gi/overrides/Gedit.py  
19. /usr/share/gedit  
20. /usr/share/gedit/gedit-bugreport  
21. /usr/share/lintian  
22. /usr/share/lintian/overrides  
23. /usr/share/lintian/overrides/gedit  
24. /usr/share/menu  
25. /usr/share/menu/gedit  
26. /usr/share/doc  
27. /usr/share/doc/gedit  
28. /usr/share/doc/gedit/README  
29. /usr/share/doc/gedit/BUGS  
30. /usr/share/doc/gedit/copyright  
31. /usr/share/doc/gedit/NEWS.gz  
32. /usr/share/doc/gedit/AUTHORS  
33. /usr/share/doc/gedit/changelog.Debian.gz  
34. /usr/share/python  
35. /usr/share/python/runtime.d  
36. /usr/share/python/runtime.d/gedit.rtupdate  
37. /usr/lib  
38. /usr/lib/gedit  
39. /usr/lib/gedit/girepository-1.0  
40. /usr/lib/gedit/girepository-1.0/Gedit-3.0.typelib  
41. /usr/lib/gedit/plugins  
42. /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/libmodelines.so  
43. /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/zeitgeist.plugin  
44. /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/time.plugin  
45. /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/libspell.so  
46. /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/libtime.so  
47. /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/quickopen.plugin  
48. /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/libsort.so  
49. /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/externaltools  
50. /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/externaltools/outputpanel.py  
51. /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/externaltools/windowactivatable.py  
52. /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/externaltools/manager.py  
53. /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/externaltools/capture.py  
54. /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/externaltools/library.py  
55. /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/externaltools/filelookup.py  
56. /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/externaltools/__init__.py  
57. /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/externaltools/functions.py  
58. /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/externaltools/linkparsing.py  
59. /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/pythonconsole.plugin  
60. /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/docinfo.plugin  
61. /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/changecase.plugin  
62. /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/modelines.plugin  
63. /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/snippets  
64. /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/snippets/placeholder.py  
65. /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/snippets/shareddata.py  
66. /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/snippets/substitutionparser.py  
67. /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/snippets/snippet.py  
68. /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/snippets/completion.py  
69. /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/snippets/exporter.py  
70. /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/snippets/singleton.py  
71. /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/snippets/windowactivatable.py  
72. /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/snippets/document.py  
73. /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/snippets/appactivatable.py  
74. /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/snippets/languagemanager.py  
75. /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/snippets/importer.py  
76. /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/snippets/manager.py  
77. /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/snippets/library.py  
78. /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/snippets/signals.py  
79. /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/snippets/__init__.py  
80. /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/snippets/helper.py  
81. /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/snippets/parser.py  
82. /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/sort.plugin  
83. /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/externaltools.plugin  
84. /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/spell.plugin  
85. /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/quickopen  
86. /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/quickopen/popup.py  
87. /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/quickopen/__init__.py  
88. /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/quickopen/virtualdirs.py  
89. /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/libchangecase.so  
90. /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/filebrowser.plugin  
91. /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/pythonconsole  
92. /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/pythonconsole/__init__.py  
93. /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/pythonconsole/console.py  
94. /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/pythonconsole/config.py  
95. /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/snippets.plugin  
96. /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/libdocinfo.so  
97. /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/libzeitgeistplugin.so  
98. /usr/lib/gedit/plugins/libfilebrowser.so  
99. /usr/lib/python2.7  
100. /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages  
101. /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/gi  
102. /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/gi/overrides  
103. /usr/lib/libgedit-private.so.0.0.0  
104. /usr/lib/libgedit-private.so.0  
105. /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/gi/overrides/Gedit.py  

或者

2)whereis 软件名

例如：whereis gedit