MERGE into的用法

最新推荐文章于 2024-09-15 11:45:00 发布
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最新推荐文章于 2024-09-15 11:45:00 发布
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<span style="font-size:14px;">Oracle9i引入了MERGE命令,你能够在一个SQL语句中对一个表同时执行inserts和updates操作. MERGE命令从一个或多个数据源中选择行来updating或inserting到一个或多个表.

Oracle 10g中MERGE有如下一些改进：


1、UPDATE或INSERT子句是可选的


2、UPDATE和INSERT子句可以加WHERE子句


3、ON条件中使用常量过滤谓词来insert所有的行到目标表中,不需要连接源表和目标表


4、UPDATE子句后面可以跟DELETE子句来去除一些不需要的行

 


首先创建示例表：


create table PRODUCTS
    (
    PRODUCT_ID INTEGER,
    PRODUCT_NAME VARCHAR2(60),
    CATEGORY VARCHAR2(60)
    );

    insert into PRODUCTS values (1501, 'VIVITAR 35MM', 'ELECTRNCS');
    insert into PRODUCTS values (1502, 'OLYMPUS IS50', 'ELECTRNCS');
    insert into PRODUCTS values (1600, 'PLAY GYM', 'TOYS');
    insert into PRODUCTS values (1601, 'LAMAZE', 'TOYS');
    insert into PRODUCTS values (1666, 'HARRY POTTER', 'DVD');
    commit;

    create table NEWPRODUCTS
    (
    PRODUCT_ID INTEGER,
    PRODUCT_NAME VARCHAR2(60),
    CATEGORY VARCHAR2(60)
    );

    insert into NEWPRODUCTS values (1502, 'OLYMPUS CAMERA', 'ELECTRNCS');
    insert into NEWPRODUCTS values (1601, 'LAMAZE', 'TOYS');
    insert into NEWPRODUCTS values (1666, 'HARRY POTTER', 'TOYS');
    insert into NEWPRODUCTS values (1700, 'WAIT INTERFACE', 'BOOKS');
    commit;  

 


 



1、可省略的UPDATE或INSERT子句


在Oracle 9i, MERGE语句要求你必须同时指定INSERT和UPDATE子句.而在Oracle 10g, 你可以省略UPDATE或INSERT子句中的一个. 下面的例子根据表NEWPRODUCTS的PRODUCT_ID字段是否匹配来updates表PRODUCTS的信息:

 

SQL> MERGE INTO products p
    2 USING newproducts np
    3 ON (p.product_id = np.product_id)
    4 WHEN MATCHED THEN
    5 UPDATE
    6 SET p.product_name = np.product_name,
    7 p.category = np.category;

    3 rows merged.

    SQL> SELECT * FROM products;

    PRODUCT_ID PRODUCT_NAME CATEGORY
    ---------- -------------------- ----------
    1501 VIVITAR 35MM ELECTRNCS
    1502 OLYMPUS CAMERA ELECTRNCS
    1600 PLAY GYM TOYS
    1601 LAMAZE TOYS
    1666 HARRY POTTER TOYS
    SQL>
    SQL> ROLLBACK;
    Rollback complete.
    SQL>

 


在上面例子中, MERGE语句影响到是产品id为1502, 1601和1666的行. 它们的产品名字和种 类被更新为表newproducts中的值. 下面例子省略UPDATE子句, 把表NEWPRODUCTS中新的PRODUCT_ID插入到表PRODUCTS中, 对于在两个表中能够匹配上PRODUCT_ID的数据不作任何处理. 从这个例子你能看到PRODUCT_ID=1700的行被插入到表PRODUCTS中.


SQL> MERGE INTO products p
    2 USING newproducts np
    3 ON (p.product_id = np.product_id)
    4 WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
    5 INSERT
    6 VALUES (np.product_id, np.product_name,
    7 np.category);

    1 row merged.

    SQL> SELECT * FROM products;

    PRODUCT_ID PRODUCT_NAME CATEGORY
    ---------- -------------------- ----------
    1501 VIVITAR 35MM ELECTRNCS
    1502 OLYMPUS IS50 ELECTRNCS
    1600 PLAY GYM TOYS
    1601 LAMAZE TOYS
    1666 HARRY POTTER DVD
    1700 WAIT INTERFACE BOOKS

 

2、带条件的Updates和Inserts子句


你能够添加WHERE子句到UPDATE或INSERT子句中去, 来跳过update或insert操作对某些行的处理. 下面例子根据表NEWPRODUCTS来更新表PRODUCTS数据, 但必须字段CATEGORY也得同时匹配上:


SQL> MERGE INTO products p
    2 USING newproducts np
    3 ON (p.product_id = np.product_id)
    4 WHEN MATCHED THEN
    5 UPDATE
    6 SET p.product_name = np.product_name
    7 WHERE p.category = np.category;

    2 rows merged.

    SQL> SELECT * FROM products;

    PRODUCT_ID PRODUCT_NAME CATEGORY
    ---------- -------------------- ----------
    1501 VIVITAR 35MM ELECTRNCS
    1502 OLYMPUS CAMERA ELECTRNCS
    1600 PLAY GYM TOYS
    1601 LAMAZE TOYS
    1666 HARRY POTTER DVD
    SQL>
    SQL> rollback;

 


在这个例子中, 产品ID为1502,1601和1666匹配ON条件但是1666的category不匹配. 因此MERGE命令只更新两行数据. 下面例子展示了在Updates和Inserts子句都使用WHERE子句:


SQL> MERGE INTO products p
    2 USING newproducts np
    3 ON (p.product_id = np.product_id)
    4 WHEN MATCHED THEN
    5 UPDATE
    6 SET p.product_name = np.product_name,
    7 p.category = np.category
    8 WHERE p.category = 'DVD'
    9 WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
    10 INSERT
    11 VALUES (np.product_id, np.product_name, np.category)
    12 WHERE np.category != 'BOOKS'
    SQL> /

    1 row merged.

    SQL> SELECT * FROM products;

    PRODUCT_ID PRODUCT_NAME CATEGORY
    ---------- -------------------- ----------
    1501 VIVITAR 35MM ELECTRNCS
    1502 OLYMPUS IS50 ELECTRNCS
    1600 PLAY GYM TOYS
    1601 LAMAZE TOYS
    1666 HARRY POTTER TOYS

    SQL>

 

注意由于有WHERE子句INSERT没有插入所有不匹配ON条件的行到表PRODUCTS.

 

3、无条件的Inserts


你能够不用连接源表和目标表就把源表的数据插入到目标表中. 这对于你想插入所有行到目标表时是非常有用的. Oracle 10g现在支持在ON条件中使用常量过滤谓词. 举个常量过滤谓词例子ON (1=0). 下面例子从源表插入行到表PRODUCTS, 不检查这些行是否在表PRODUCTS中存在:

SQL> MERGE INTO products p
    2 USING newproducts np
    3 ON (1=0)
    4 WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
    5 INSERT
    6 VALUES (np.product_id, np.product_name, np.category)
    7 WHERE np.category = 'BOOKS'
    SQL> /

    1 row merged.

    SQL> SELECT * FROM products;

    PRODUCT_ID PRODUCT_NAME CATEGORY
    ---------- -------------------- ----------
    1501 VIVITAR 35MM ELECTRNCS
    1502 OLYMPUS IS50 ELECTRNCS
    1600 PLAY GYM TOYS
    1601 LAMAZE TOYS
    1666 HARRY POTTER DVD
    1700 WAIT INTERFACE BOOKS
    6 rows selected.
    SQL>

 


 

4、新增加的DELETE子句


Oracle 10g中的MERGE提供了在执行数据操作时清除行的选项. 你能够在WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE子句中包含DELETE子句. DELETE子句必须有一个WHERE条件来删除匹配某些条件的行.匹配DELETE WHERE条件但不匹配ON条件的行不会被从表中删除.


下面例子验证DELETE子句. 我们从表NEWPRODUCTS中合并行到表PRODUCTS中, 但删除category为ELECTRNCS的行.


SQL> MERGE INTO products p
    2 USING newproducts np
    3 ON (p.product_id = np.product_id)
    4 WHEN MATCHED THEN
    5 UPDATE
    6 SET p.product_name = np.product_name,
    7 p.category = np.category
    8 DELETE WHERE (p.category = 'ELECTRNCS')
    9 WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
    10 INSERT
    11 VALUES (np.product_id, np.product_name, np.category)
    SQL> /

    4 rows merged.

    SQL> SELECT * FROM products;

    PRODUCT_ID PRODUCT_NAME CATEGORY
    ---------- -------------------- ----------
    1501 VIVITAR 35MM ELECTRNCS
    1600 PLAY GYM TOYS
    1601 LAMAZE TOYS
    1666 HARRY POTTER TOYS
    1700 WAIT INTERFACE BOOKS
    SQL>


产品ID为1502的行从表PRODUCTS中被删除, 因为它同时匹配ON条件和DELETE WHERE条件. 产品ID为1501的行匹配DELETE WHERE条件但不匹配ON条件, 所以它没有被删除. 产品ID为1700 的行不匹配ON条件, 所以被插入表PRODUCTS. 产品ID为1601和1666的行匹配ON条件但不匹配DELETE WHERE条件, 所以被更新为表NEWPRODUCTS中的值.

**************************************************************************************************

定义游标类型

CREATE OR REPLACE PACKAGE 包名 IS

   创建作者：

   创建日期：

   功能描述：定义ref cursor变量类型
   实现逻辑：
  TYPE TYPE_CURSOR IS REF CURSOR;   --定义游标变量

包体：

CREATE OR REPLACE PACKAGE 包名 IS

procedure 存过名(

.........

) as

CURSOR_MODULEID TYPE_CURSOR; --模块游标

begin

OPEN CURSOR_MODULEID FOR
      SELECT DISTINCT (MODULEID)
      FROM SYS_USERROLE A, SYS_ROLEPERMIT B
      WHERE USERID = I_USER
      AND A.ROLEID = B.ROLEID;

......

end;

或

CURSOR cur_prod is
           select branch,remainprinamt
           from prod_daily_prin_branch
           where prodid=is_prodid
                 and cdate = is_cdate;

begin

open cur_prod;
    loop
        fetch cur_prod into vs_brach,vn_prinamt;
        exit when cur_prod%notfound;
        --销售费
        vn_sale := vn_prinamt*vn_syield/vn_basis;
        merge into bm_yieldassign a
        using
        (select is_cdate as cdate
                ,vs_assetpool as assetpool
                ,vs_brach as branch
                ,0 as assetofamt       --资产提供额
                ,0 as hostamt          --托管费
                ,0 as assetamt         --资产推介费
                ,decode(vs_mktdeptno,'L',vn_prinamt,0) as reprinamt --零售销售额
                ,decode(vs_mktdeptno,'L',vn_sale,0) as resamt       --零售销售费
                ,decode(vs_mktdeptno,'T',vn_prinamt,0) as typrinamt --同业销售额
                ,decode(vs_mktdeptno,'T',vn_sale,0) as tysamt       --同业销售费
                ,decode(vs_mktdeptno,'G',vn_prinamt,0) as cwprinamt --公司销售额
                ,decode(vs_mktdeptno,'G',vn_sale,0) as cwsamt       --公司销售费
         from dual) b
         on (a.cdate = b.cdate
              and a.assetpool=b.assetpool
              and a.branch = b.branch)
         when matched then
              update  set a.reprinamt = nvl(a.reprinamt,0)+b.reprinamt,
                          a.resamt = nvl(a.resamt,0) + b.resamt,
                          a.typrinamt = nvl(a.typrinamt,0) + b.typrinamt,
                          a.tysamt = nvl(a.tysamt,0) + b.typrinamt,
                          a.cwprinamt = nvl(a.cwprinamt,0) + b.cwprinamt,
                          a.cwsamt = nvl(a.cwsamt,0) + b.cwsamt
         when not matched then
              insert(cdate,assetpool,branch
                      ,assetofamt,hostamt,assetamt
                      ,reprinamt,resamt
                      ,typrinamt,tysamt
                      ,cwprinamt,cwsamt
                      ,lstmntuser,lstmntdate)
                  values(b.cdate,b.assetpool,b.branch
                      ,b.assetofamt,b.hostamt,b.assetamt
                      ,b.reprinamt,b.resamt
                      ,b.typrinamt,b.tysamt
                      ,b.cwprinamt,b.cwsamt
                      ,is_operator,sysdate);
    end loop;
    close cur_prod;
</span>
原作者：
http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_634c33eb0101603k.html