Rewrite 主要的功能就是实现URL的重写,Nginx的Rewrite规则采用Pcre,perl兼容正则表达式的语法规则匹配,如果需要Nginx的Rewrite功能,在编译Nginx之前,需要编译安装PCRE库。
通过Rewrite规则,可以实现规范的URL、根据变量来做URL转向及选择配置。
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
if 指令
规则语法:
规则语法:
- if ($http_user_agent ~MSIE){
- rewrite ^(.*)$/msie/$1 break;
- }
- if (!-f$request_filename){
- rewrite ^/img/(.*)$/site/$host/images/$1 last;
- }
rewrite 语法规则:
变量名:
变量名可以使用"="或"!="运算符
~ 符号表示区分大小写字母匹配
~* 符号表示不区分大小写字母匹配
!~ 和 !~ 与~ !~ 相反
-f 和 !-f 用来判断文件是否存在
-d 和 !-d 用来判断目录是否存在
-e 和 !-e 用来判断文件或目录是否存在
-x 和 !-x 用来判断文件是否可以执行
也支持$1到$9位置参数
return指令
示例:,如果访问的URL以.sh .bash 结尾,返回状态码403
- location ~ .*\.(sh|bash)?$
- {
- return 403;
- }
rewrite指令
- rewrite指令的最后一项参数为flag标记,支持的flag标记主要有以下几种:
- last :相当于Apache里德(L)标记,表示完成rewrite;
- break;本条规则匹配完成后,终止匹配,不再匹配后面的规则
- redirect:返回302临时重定向,浏览器地址会显示跳转后的URL地址
- permanent:返回301永久重定向,浏览器地址栏会显示跳转后的URL地址
- last和break用来实现URL重写,浏览器地址栏URL地址不变
实例:将访问/b跳转到/bbs目录上去:
- location /b {
- autoindex on;
- alias /usr/local/nginx/html/redhat;
- rewrite ^/b/?$ /bbs permanent;
- }
- location /bbs {
- autoindex on;
- alias /usr/local/nginx/html/bbs;
- }
rewrite规则编写实例
1,将原来要访问/b的目录重写为/bbs
核心语句:
1,将原来要访问/b的目录重写为/bbs
核心语句:
- rewrite ^/b/?$ /bbs permannet;
2,根据不同的浏览器将得到不同的结果。
- if ($http_user_agent ~ Firefox) {
- rewrite ^(.*)$ /firefox/$1 break;
- }
- if ($http_user_agent ~ MSIE) {
- rewrite ^(.*)$ /msie/$1 break;
- }
- if ($http_user_agent ~ Chrome) {
- rewrite ^(.*)$ /chrome/$1 break;
- }
3.防止盗链:
根据Referer信息防止盗链,代码如下:
- location ~*\.(gif|jpg|png|swf|flv)${
- valid_referers none blocked www.cheng.com*.test.com;
- if ($invalid_referer)
- rewrite ^/(.*) http://www.cheng.com/error.html
- }
4.实现域名跳转:
- server {
- listen 80;
- server_name cheng.example.com;
- write ^(.*)$ http://zhang.example.com/$1 permanent;
- location / {
- root html;
- index index.html index.htm;
- }
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
文件和目录不存在的时候重定向:
if (!-e $request_filename) {
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1/;
}
域名跳转
server
{
listen 80;
server_name jump.c1gstudio.com;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /opt/lampp/htdocs/www;
rewrite ^/ http://www.c1gstudio.com/;
access_log off;
}
多域名转向
server_name http://www.c1gstudio.com/ http://www.c1gstudio.net/;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /opt/lampp/htdocs;
if ($host ~ "c1gstudio\.net") {
rewrite ^(.*) http://www.c1gstudio.com$1/ permanent;
}
三级域名跳转
if ($http_host ~* "^(.*)\.i\.c1gstudio\.com$") {
rewrite ^(.*) http://top.yingjiesheng.com$1/;
break;
}
域名镜向
server
{
listen 80;
server_name mirror.c1gstudio.com;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /opt/lampp/htdocs/www;
rewrite ^/(.*) http://www.c1gstudio.com/$1 last;
access_log off;
}
某个子目录作镜向
location ^~ /zhaopinhui {
rewrite ^.+ http://zph.c1gstudio.com/ last;
break;
}
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
if (!-e $request_filename) {
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1/;
}
域名跳转
server
{
listen 80;
server_name jump.c1gstudio.com;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /opt/lampp/htdocs/www;
rewrite ^/ http://www.c1gstudio.com/;
access_log off;
}
多域名转向
server_name http://www.c1gstudio.com/ http://www.c1gstudio.net/;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /opt/lampp/htdocs;
if ($host ~ "c1gstudio\.net") {
rewrite ^(.*) http://www.c1gstudio.com$1/ permanent;
}
三级域名跳转
if ($http_host ~* "^(.*)\.i\.c1gstudio\.com$") {
rewrite ^(.*) http://top.yingjiesheng.com$1/;
break;
}
域名镜向
server
{
listen 80;
server_name mirror.c1gstudio.com;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /opt/lampp/htdocs/www;
rewrite ^/(.*) http://www.c1gstudio.com/$1 last;
access_log off;
}
某个子目录作镜向
location ^~ /zhaopinhui {
rewrite ^.+ http://zph.c1gstudio.com/ last;
break;
}
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
- server {
- server_name bbs.palmdy.com;
- rewrite ^/(.*) http://www.palmdy.com/bbs/$1 permanent;
- }
- rewrite "^.+cto/?(.*)$" http://cto.palmdy.com/$1 permanent;
- break;
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
目录对换
/123456/xxxx -> /xxxx?id=123456
rewrite ^/(\d+)/(.+)/ /$2?id=$1 last;
例如下面设定nginx在用户使用ie的使用重定向到/nginx-ie目录下:
if ($http_user_agent ~ MSIE) {
rewrite ^(.*)$ /nginx-ie/$1 break;
}
目录自动加“/”
if (-d $request_filename){
rewrite ^/(.*)([^/])$ http://$host/$1$2/ permanent;
}
禁止htaccess
location ~/\.ht {
deny all;
}
禁止多个目录
location ~ ^/(cron|templates)/ {
deny all;
break;
}
禁止以/data开头的文件
可以禁止/data/下多级目录下.log.txt等请求;
location ~ ^/data {
deny all;
}
禁止单个目录
不能禁止.log.txt能请求
location /searchword/cron/ {
deny all;
}
禁止单个文件
location ~ /data/sql/data.sql {
deny all;
}
给favicon.ico和robots.txt设置过期时间;
这里为favicon.ico为99 天,robots.txt为7天并不记录404错误日志
location ~(favicon.ico) {
log_not_found off;
expires 99d;
break;
}
location ~(robots.txt) {
log_not_found off;
expires 7d;
break;
}
设定某个文件的过期时间;这里为600秒,并不记录访问日志
location ^~ /html/scripts/loadhead_1.js {
access_log off;
root /opt/lampp/htdocs/web;
expires 600;
break;
}
文件反盗链并设置过期时间
这里的return 412 为自定义的http状态码,默认为403,方便找出正确的盗链的请求
“rewrite ^/ http://leech.c1gstudio.com/leech.gif;”显示一张防盗链图片
“access_log off;”不记录访问日志,减轻压力
“expires 3d”所有文件3天的浏览器缓存
location ~* ^.+\.(jpg|jpeg|gif|png|swf|rar|zip|css|js)$ {
valid_referers none blocked *.c1gstudio.com *.c1gstudio.net localhost 208.97.167.194;
if ($invalid_referer) {
rewrite ^/ http://leech.c1gstudio.com/leech.gif;
return 412;
break;
}
access_log off;
root /opt/lampp/htdocs/web;
expires 3d;
break;
}
只充许固定ip访问网站,并加上密码
root /opt/htdocs/www;
allow 208.97.167.194;
allow 222.33.1.2;
allow 231.152.49.4;
deny all;
auth_basic "C1G_ADMIN";
auth_basic_user_file htpasswd;
将多级目录下的文件转成一个文件,增强seo效果
/job-123-456-789.html 指向/job/123/456/789.html
rewrite ^/job-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)\.html$ /job/$1/$2/jobshow_$3.html last;
将根目录下某个文件夹指向2级目录
如/shanghaijob/ 指向 /area/shanghai/
如果你将last改成permanent,那么浏览器地址栏显是 /location/shanghai/
rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job/(.*)$ /area/$1/$2 last;
上面例子有个问题是访问/shanghai 时将不会匹配
rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job$ /area/$1/ last;
rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job/(.*)$ /area/$1/$2 last;
这样/shanghai 也可以访问了,但页面中的相对链接无法使用,
如./list_1.html真实地址是/area /shanghia/list_1.html会变成/list_1.html,导至无法访问。
那我加上自动跳转也是不行咯
(-d $request_filename)它有个条件是必需为真实目录,而我的rewrite不是的,所以没有效果
if (-d $request_filename){
rewrite ^/(.*)([^/])$ http://$host/$1$2/ permanent;
}
知道原因后就好办了,让我手动跳转吧
rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job$ /$1job/ permanent;
rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job/(.*)$ /area/$1/$2 last;
文件和目录不存在的时候重定向:
if (!-e $request_filename) {
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1/;
}
域名跳转
server
{
listen 80;
server_name jump.c1gstudio.com;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /opt/lampp/htdocs/www;
rewrite ^/ http://www.c1gstudio.com/;
access_log off;
}
多域名转向
server_name http://www.c1gstudio.com/ http://www.c1gstudio.net/;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /opt/lampp/htdocs;
if ($host ~ "c1gstudio\.net") {
rewrite ^(.*) http://www.c1gstudio.com$1/ permanent;
}
三级域名跳转
if ($http_host ~* "^(.*)\.i\.c1gstudio\.com$") {
rewrite ^(.*) http://top.yingjiesheng.com$1/;
break;
}
域名镜向
server
{
listen 80;
server_name mirror.c1gstudio.com;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /opt/lampp/htdocs/www;
rewrite ^/(.*) http://www.c1gstudio.com/$1 last;
access_log off;
}
某个子目录作镜向
location ^~ /zhaopinhui {
rewrite ^.+ http://zph.c1gstudio.com/ last;
break;
}
discuz ucenter home (uchome) rewrite
rewrite ^/(space|network)-(.+)\.html$ /$1.php?rewrite=$2 last;
rewrite ^/(space|network)\.html$ /$1.php last;
rewrite ^/([0-9]+)$ /space.php?uid=$1 last;
discuz 7 rewrite
rewrite ^(.*)/archiver/((fid|tid)-[\w\-]+\.html)$ $1/archiver/index.php?$2 last;
rewrite ^(.*)/forum-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)\.html$ $1/forumdisplay.php?fid=$2&page=$3 last;
rewrite ^(.*)/thread-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)\.html$ $1/viewthread.php?tid=$2&extra=page\=$4&page=$3 last;
rewrite ^(.*)/profile-(username|uid)-(.+)\.html$ $1/viewpro.php?$2=$3 last;
rewrite ^(.*)/space-(username|uid)-(.+)\.html$ $1/space.php?$2=$3 last;
rewrite ^(.*)/tag-(.+)\.html$ $1/tag.php?name=$2 last;
给discuz某版块单独配置域名
server_name bbs.c1gstudio.com news.c1gstudio.com;
location = / {
if ($http_host ~ news\.c1gstudio.com$) {
rewrite ^.+ http://news.c1gstudio.com/forum-831-1.html last;
break;
}
}
discuz ucenter 头像 rewrite 优化
location ^~ /ucenter {
location ~ .*\.php?$
{
#fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fcgi.conf;
}
location /ucenter/data/avatar {
log_not_found off;
access_log off;
location ~ /(.*)_big\.jpg$ {
error_page 404 /ucenter/images/noavatar_big.gif;
}
location ~ /(.*)_middle\.jpg$ {
error_page 404 /ucenter/images/noavatar_middle.gif;
}
location ~ /(.*)_small\.jpg$ {
error_page 404 /ucenter/images/noavatar_small.gif;
}
expires 300;
break;
}
}
jspace rewrite
location ~ .*\.php?$
{
#fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fcgi.conf;
}
location ~* ^/index.php/
{
rewrite ^/index.php/(.*) /index.php?$1 break;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fcgi.conf;
}
/123456/xxxx -> /xxxx?id=123456
rewrite ^/(\d+)/(.+)/ /$2?id=$1 last;
例如下面设定nginx在用户使用ie的使用重定向到/nginx-ie目录下:
if ($http_user_agent ~ MSIE) {
rewrite ^(.*)$ /nginx-ie/$1 break;
}
目录自动加“/”
if (-d $request_filename){
rewrite ^/(.*)([^/])$ http://$host/$1$2/ permanent;
}
禁止htaccess
location ~/\.ht {
deny all;
}
禁止多个目录
location ~ ^/(cron|templates)/ {
deny all;
break;
}
禁止以/data开头的文件
可以禁止/data/下多级目录下.log.txt等请求;
location ~ ^/data {
deny all;
}
禁止单个目录
不能禁止.log.txt能请求
location /searchword/cron/ {
deny all;
}
禁止单个文件
location ~ /data/sql/data.sql {
deny all;
}
给favicon.ico和robots.txt设置过期时间;
这里为favicon.ico为99 天,robots.txt为7天并不记录404错误日志
location ~(favicon.ico) {
log_not_found off;
expires 99d;
break;
}
location ~(robots.txt) {
log_not_found off;
expires 7d;
break;
}
设定某个文件的过期时间;这里为600秒,并不记录访问日志
location ^~ /html/scripts/loadhead_1.js {
access_log off;
root /opt/lampp/htdocs/web;
expires 600;
break;
}
文件反盗链并设置过期时间
这里的return 412 为自定义的http状态码,默认为403,方便找出正确的盗链的请求
“rewrite ^/ http://leech.c1gstudio.com/leech.gif;”显示一张防盗链图片
“access_log off;”不记录访问日志,减轻压力
“expires 3d”所有文件3天的浏览器缓存
location ~* ^.+\.(jpg|jpeg|gif|png|swf|rar|zip|css|js)$ {
valid_referers none blocked *.c1gstudio.com *.c1gstudio.net localhost 208.97.167.194;
if ($invalid_referer) {
rewrite ^/ http://leech.c1gstudio.com/leech.gif;
return 412;
break;
}
access_log off;
root /opt/lampp/htdocs/web;
expires 3d;
break;
}
只充许固定ip访问网站,并加上密码
root /opt/htdocs/www;
allow 208.97.167.194;
allow 222.33.1.2;
allow 231.152.49.4;
deny all;
auth_basic "C1G_ADMIN";
auth_basic_user_file htpasswd;
将多级目录下的文件转成一个文件,增强seo效果
/job-123-456-789.html 指向/job/123/456/789.html
rewrite ^/job-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)\.html$ /job/$1/$2/jobshow_$3.html last;
将根目录下某个文件夹指向2级目录
如/shanghaijob/ 指向 /area/shanghai/
如果你将last改成permanent,那么浏览器地址栏显是 /location/shanghai/
rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job/(.*)$ /area/$1/$2 last;
上面例子有个问题是访问/shanghai 时将不会匹配
rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job$ /area/$1/ last;
rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job/(.*)$ /area/$1/$2 last;
这样/shanghai 也可以访问了,但页面中的相对链接无法使用,
如./list_1.html真实地址是/area /shanghia/list_1.html会变成/list_1.html,导至无法访问。
那我加上自动跳转也是不行咯
(-d $request_filename)它有个条件是必需为真实目录,而我的rewrite不是的,所以没有效果
if (-d $request_filename){
rewrite ^/(.*)([^/])$ http://$host/$1$2/ permanent;
}
知道原因后就好办了,让我手动跳转吧
rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job$ /$1job/ permanent;
rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job/(.*)$ /area/$1/$2 last;
文件和目录不存在的时候重定向:
if (!-e $request_filename) {
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1/;
}
域名跳转
server
{
listen 80;
server_name jump.c1gstudio.com;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /opt/lampp/htdocs/www;
rewrite ^/ http://www.c1gstudio.com/;
access_log off;
}
多域名转向
server_name http://www.c1gstudio.com/ http://www.c1gstudio.net/;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /opt/lampp/htdocs;
if ($host ~ "c1gstudio\.net") {
rewrite ^(.*) http://www.c1gstudio.com$1/ permanent;
}
三级域名跳转
if ($http_host ~* "^(.*)\.i\.c1gstudio\.com$") {
rewrite ^(.*) http://top.yingjiesheng.com$1/;
break;
}
域名镜向
server
{
listen 80;
server_name mirror.c1gstudio.com;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /opt/lampp/htdocs/www;
rewrite ^/(.*) http://www.c1gstudio.com/$1 last;
access_log off;
}
某个子目录作镜向
location ^~ /zhaopinhui {
rewrite ^.+ http://zph.c1gstudio.com/ last;
break;
}
discuz ucenter home (uchome) rewrite
rewrite ^/(space|network)-(.+)\.html$ /$1.php?rewrite=$2 last;
rewrite ^/(space|network)\.html$ /$1.php last;
rewrite ^/([0-9]+)$ /space.php?uid=$1 last;
discuz 7 rewrite
rewrite ^(.*)/archiver/((fid|tid)-[\w\-]+\.html)$ $1/archiver/index.php?$2 last;
rewrite ^(.*)/forum-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)\.html$ $1/forumdisplay.php?fid=$2&page=$3 last;
rewrite ^(.*)/thread-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)\.html$ $1/viewthread.php?tid=$2&extra=page\=$4&page=$3 last;
rewrite ^(.*)/profile-(username|uid)-(.+)\.html$ $1/viewpro.php?$2=$3 last;
rewrite ^(.*)/space-(username|uid)-(.+)\.html$ $1/space.php?$2=$3 last;
rewrite ^(.*)/tag-(.+)\.html$ $1/tag.php?name=$2 last;
给discuz某版块单独配置域名
server_name bbs.c1gstudio.com news.c1gstudio.com;
location = / {
if ($http_host ~ news\.c1gstudio.com$) {
rewrite ^.+ http://news.c1gstudio.com/forum-831-1.html last;
break;
}
}
discuz ucenter 头像 rewrite 优化
location ^~ /ucenter {
location ~ .*\.php?$
{
#fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fcgi.conf;
}
location /ucenter/data/avatar {
log_not_found off;
access_log off;
location ~ /(.*)_big\.jpg$ {
error_page 404 /ucenter/images/noavatar_big.gif;
}
location ~ /(.*)_middle\.jpg$ {
error_page 404 /ucenter/images/noavatar_middle.gif;
}
location ~ /(.*)_small\.jpg$ {
error_page 404 /ucenter/images/noavatar_small.gif;
}
expires 300;
break;
}
}
jspace rewrite
location ~ .*\.php?$
{
#fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fcgi.conf;
}
location ~* ^/index.php/
{
rewrite ^/index.php/(.*) /index.php?$1 break;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fcgi.conf;
}