JavaWeb学习-会话管理系列-6-cookie练习-浏览历史记录

最新推荐文章于 2021-12-08 22:21:11 发布

Anthony_tester

最新推荐文章于 2021-12-08 22:21:11 发布

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分类专栏： Anthony的JavaWeb学习记录文章标签： cookie 历史纪录实现

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/u011541946/article/details/90349533

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本篇继续来做一个cookie的经典练习场景，如何显示用户浏览器网站上的商品的历史纪录。这个功能很多购物网站上都有，我们来模拟这个场景的实现过程。例如一个卖书的网站，我们定义这个网站有4本书，然后我们历史纪录只显示用户最近浏览的三本书，当然也可能用户只浏览了一本，两本或者没有一本书，这些场景都需要考虑。

需求场景

上面就是用户第一次打开这个卖书网站，这个时候没有浏览任何一本书详情页，所以没有cookie也就没有历史纪录。下面点击四本书任何一本，跳转到详情页。

返回带主页

1.项目结构

web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.1">

  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>showAllBooksServlet</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>com.anthony.history.ShowAllBooksServlet</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>showAllBooksServlet</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/cookie/showAllBook</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
  
  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>showBookDetail</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>com.anthony.history.ShowBookDetail</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>showBookDetail</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/cookie/showBookDetail</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
  
  <welcome-file-list>
    <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
  </welcome-file-list>
</web-app>

Book.java

package com.anthony.entity;

public class Book {
	private String id;
	private String name;
	private double price;
	private String author;
	
	public Book(String id, String name, double price, String author) {
		super();
		this.id = id;
		this.name = name;
		this.price = price;
		this.author = author;
	}
	public String getId() {
		return id;
	}
	public void setId(String id) {
		this.id = id;
	}
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	public double getPrice() {
		return price;
	}
	public void setPrice(double price) {
		this.price = price;
	}
	public String getAuthor() {
		return author;
	}
	public void setAuthor(String author) {
		this.author = author;
	}
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Book [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", price=" + price + ", author=" + author + "]";
	}
	
}

DBUtil.java

package com.anthony.util;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

import com.anthony.entity.Book;

public class DBUtil {
	
	private static Map<String, Book> books = new HashMap<String, Book>();
	
	//这里不走数据库查询，直接生成几本书来模拟下
	static {
		books.put("1", new Book("1", "西游记", 16.9, "吴承恩"));
		books.put("2", new Book("2", "红楼梦", 37.3, "曹雪芹"));
		books.put("3", new Book("3", "三国演义", 25.8, "罗贯中"));
		books.put("4", new Book("4", "水浒传", 33.0, "施耐庵"));
	}
	
	//得到所有图书
	public static Map<String, Book> findAllBooks() {
		return books;
	}	
	
	//根据id查找到书
	public static Book findBookById(String id) {
		return books.get(id);
	}
}

com.anthony.history.ShowAllBooksServlet.java

package com.anthony.history;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.Map;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.Cookie;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import com.anthony.entity.Book;
import com.anthony.util.DBUtil;

public class ShowAllBooksServlet extends HttpServlet {

	@Override
	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
		resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
		PrintWriter out = resp.getWriter();
		out.write("本网站有以下好书：<br/>");
		Map<String, Book> books = DBUtil.findAllBooks();
		for (Map.Entry<String, Book> b : books.entrySet()) {
			out.write("<a href='"+req.getContextPath()+"/cookie/showBookDetail?id="+b.getKey()+" ' target='_blank'>"+b.getValue().getName()+"</a><br/>");
		}
		
		out.write("<hr/>你最近浏览过的书有：<br/>");
		//拿到cookie
		Cookie[] cookies = req.getCookies();
		for (int i = 0; cookies != null && i < cookies.length; i++) {
			if("bookHistoryId".equals(cookies[i].getName())) {
				String value = cookies[i].getValue();
				String[] ids = value.split("-"); //切割 然后遍历
				for (int j = 0; j < ids.length; j++) {
					//根据id查找书
					Book book = DBUtil.findBookById(ids[j]);
					//out.print(book.getName() + "<br/>");
					out.write("<a href='"+req.getContextPath()+"/cookie/showBookDetail?id=" + book.getId()+" ' target='_blank'>" + book.getName()+"</a><br/>");
				}
			}
		}
	}

	@Override
	protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
		doGet(req, resp);
	}

}

com.anthony.history.ShowBookDetail.java

package com.anthony.history;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.LinkedList;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.Cookie;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import com.anthony.entity.Book;
import com.anthony.util.DBUtil;

public class ShowBookDetail extends HttpServlet {
	
	@Override
	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
		resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
		PrintWriter out = resp.getWriter();
		//显示图书的详细信息
		
		//获得id
		String id = req.getParameter("id");
		Book book = DBUtil.findBookById(id);
		out.print(book);
		//把当前浏览过书的ID写到cookie(客户端)
		String bookHistoryId = organizeId( id, req);
		Cookie ck = new Cookie("bookHistoryId", bookHistoryId);
		ck.setPath("/");
		ck.setMaxAge(Integer.MAX_VALUE);// 一直保存
		resp.addCookie(ck);
		
	}
	
	private String organizeId(String id, HttpServletRequest req) {
		//拿到cookie
		Cookie[] cookies = req.getCookies();
		if(cookies == null) {
			return id; //第一次请求时没有cookie
		}
		//判断cookie数组中有没有叫做historyBookId的cookie
		Cookie historyBookId = null;
		for (int i = 0; i < cookies.length; i++) {
			if("bookHistoryId".equals(cookies[i].getName())) {
				historyBookId = cookies[i];
			}
		}
		//如果没有想要的cookie
		if(historyBookId == null) {
			return id;
		}
		
		String value = historyBookId.getValue(); //得到可能时 2-1-3这样字符串
		String[] values = value.split("-"); //切割拿到全部id
		LinkedList<String> list = new LinkedList<String>(Arrays.asList(values));
		
		//这里我们模拟历史纪录只能存3本书的场景
		if(list.size() < 3) { // 1-2
			if(list.contains(id)) {
				list.remove(id); // 如果 1-2 中包含2， 那么就删除2
			}
		}else { //三本数
			if(list.contains(id)) {
				list.remove(id);// 从3本书中删除id对应这本，后面还会添加回来
			}else {
				list.removeLast(); //删除最后一本，后面会添加id新纪录进去
			}
			
		}
		list.addFirst(id); // 62行删除的id，这行会加回来，这样浏览先后顺序就对了
		
		//从浏览先后顺序倒叙输出三本书ID
		StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
		for (int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++) {
			if( i > 0) {
				sb.append("-"); // 1-2-3
			}
			sb.append(list.get(i));
		}
		
		return sb.toString();
	}

	@Override
	protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
		doGet(req,resp);
	}
}

启动tomcat，部署代码，就可以看到需求描述的场景。