Spring 4.0 学习日记（1） --IOC 控制反转概念解释

写在前面 以前的那个坑了 被提溜去做手顺作业的测试了 坑 真坑 打死不干这种活了

说spring 主要的特点就是 IOC 和 AOP了 先说IOC
恩…
先看一段代码
很简单的Dao层→Service层实现 这本来没什么问题 不引入框架的原始JDBC就是这么个原理 可是这就出现类与类之间的耦合性很重 不符合的高内聚低耦合的目的

package com.wow.StudentDao;

public interface StudentDao {

    public void getStudent();
}

package com.wow.StudentDaoImpl;

import com.wow.StudentDao.StudentDao;

public class StudentDaoImpl implements StudentDao{

    @Override
    public void getStudent() {
        System.out.println("Student info !!!");
    }

}

package com.wow.StudentService;

public interface StudentService {

    public void getStudent();
}

package com.wow.StudentServiceImpl;

import com.wow.StudentDao.StudentDao;
import com.wow.StudentDaoImpl.StudentDaoImpl;
import com.wow.StudentService.StudentService;

public class StudentServiceImpl implements StudentService{
    StudentDao stuDao = new StudentDaoImpl();
    @Override
    public void getStudent() {
        stuDao.getStudent();    
    }

}

所以做一下小的修改 我们把StudentServiceImpl实现层的代码利用get，set方法修改一下 于是变成了

package com.wow.StudentServiceImpl;

import com.wow.StudentDao.StudentDao;
import com.wow.StudentService.StudentService;

public class StudentServiceImpl implements StudentService{
    private StudentDao stuDao = null;
    public void setStudentDao (StudentDao stuDao){
        this.stuDao = stuDao;
    }
    @Override
    public void getStudent() {
        stuDao.getStudent();    
    }

}

修改好了之后 做一个测试类

package com.wow.TestInfo;

import com.wow.StudentDaoImpl.StudentDaoImpl;
import com.wow.StudentServiceImpl.StudentServiceImpl;

public class StudentInfoTest {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        StudentServiceImpl stuServiceImpl = new StudentServiceImpl();
        stuServiceImpl.setStudentDao(new StudentDaoImpl());
        stuServiceImpl.getStudent();
    }
}

于是run的结果是

Student info !!!

ps.如果实现多个方法例如Teacher的实例 也是一样的 不过这样就体现出了一点 实例化对象并主动的带入实参的值 试想如果一个两个实例还是可以接受的 在大型的企业架构体系中这样的信息是足以让人崩溃的 所以！！！ 引入Spring的IOC概念

那么假如IOC之后呢

首先是Spring的文件

package com.wower.Paladin;

public class PaladinInfo {
    private String name;
    public void setName(String name){
        this.name = name;
    }
    public void printInfo(){
        System.out.println("Paladin info get!!!"+name);
    }
}

测试类

package com.wower.TestInfo;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import com.wower.Paladin.PaladinInfo;

public class TestInfo {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
            PaladinInfo Paladin = (PaladinInfo) context.getBean("PaladinInfoo");
            Paladin.printInfo();
        }
}

beans.xml文件 或者 ApplicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>  
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"  
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"  
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans  
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <bean name = "PaladinInfoo" class = "com.wower.Paladin.PaladinInfo">
    //这里的name对应的是测试类中 context.getBean("PaladinInfoo")中的字符串"PaladinInfoo"
     <property name= "name" value = "瓦里安国王"></property>
    //此处的name对应的是被测试类中的private String name属性 value则是传递进去的值
    </bean>
</beans>  

run之后打印

Paladin info get!!!瓦里安国王

所以可以很明显的看出测试类中拿到了被测试类的实例 因为有着

<bean name = "PaladinInfoo" class = "com.wower.Paladin.PaladinInfo">

这句映射

所以可以得出结论

IOC 控制反转

控制——–实际上从原先的由运行的类主动创建的实例变成了由spring框架被动的实例化对象
反转——–原先由测试类主动的new一个对象传参进去变成了由spring框架被动的传参

由此也可以得出依赖注入是个什么意思了。

---

2017.7.21补充

针对最开始的studentInfo类可以用Spring包装一下 beans.xml文件如下配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>  
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"  
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"  
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans  
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <bean id = "StudentDao" class = "com.wow.StudentDaoImpl">
    <bean id = "StudentService" class = "com.wow.StudentServiceImpl">
         <property name= "stuDao " ref= "StudentDao"></property>
         //ref 映射引用对象 在StudentService中引用的是StudentDao类型的stuDao 
         //ref= "StudentDao"对应的是bean id = "StudentDao"中的StudentDao
         //id = "StudentDao" 指向了ref= "StudentDao" 
         //想起一个词 依赖注入
    </bean>
</beans>  

那么测试类就相应的变为

package com.wow.TestInfo;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import com.wow.StudentService.StudentService;


public class TestInfo {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
            StudentService StuService = (StudentService) context.getBean("StudentService");
            StuService.getStudent();
                    }
}

以上