先上一个简单的例子:
代码
ngnsvr9 [** NONE **]/home/xionghailong/c++/file $ cat file.cpp
#include <fstream>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
ifstream file_reader ("file.txt");
if (! file_reader.is_open())
{
cout<<"could not open file"<<'\n';
}
else
{
cout<<"have opened file"<<'\n';
}
int data;
if(file_reader >> data)
{
cout << "the data is : "<<data<<'\n';
}
else
{
cout<<"read data error."<<'\n';
}
}
处理的file.txt:
ngnsvr9 [** NONE **]/home/xionghailong/c++/file $ cat file.txt
123 a ab abc
编译执行:
ngnsvr9 [** NONE **]/home/xionghailong/c++/file $ g++ file.cpp
ngnsvr9 [** NONE **]/home/xionghailong/c++/file $ ./a.out
have opened file
the data is : 123
上例中实现读入一个文件中的数据,并打印;如果读入的数据与定义的类型不匹配,将输出“read data error.”;
文本读入是以空格符号(可以为其他符号)作为分隔符。
下面来一个新例子
代码:
ngnsvr9 [** NONE **]/home/xionghailong/c++/file $ cat read_file.cpp
#include <fstream>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
ifstream file_reader ("score.txt");
if (! file_reader.is_open())
{
cout<<"could not open file"<<'\n';
}
else
{
cout<<"have opened file"<<'\n';
}
vector<int> scores;
for (int i=0; i<10; i++)
{
int score;
if( ! (file_reader >> score)) //一定要打个括号,‘!’优先级很高
{
break;
}
cout << "the score is : "<<score<<'\n';
scores.push_back(score);
}
vector<int>::iterator it;
for(it=scores.begin(); it != scores.end(); it++)
{
cout <<*it<<'\n';
}
}
ngnsvr9 [** NONE **]/home/xionghailong/c++/file $ cat score.txt
12
123
11
22
33
44
111
222
444
555
编译并执行:
ngnsvr9 [** NONE **]/home/xionghailong/c++/file $ g++ read_file.cpp
ngnsvr9 [** NONE **]/home/xionghailong/c++/file $ ./a.out
have opened file
the score is : 12
the score is : 123
the score is : 11
the score is : 22
the score is : 33
the score is : 44
the score is : 111
the score is : 222
the score is : 444
the score is : 555
12
123
11
22
33
44
111
222
444
555
上例中将score.txt中的数据读入,并且存入vector<int> scores,最后打印存入的数据。if( ! (file_reader >> score)) 这一步,
一定要加个括号,非的优先级比较高,否则会出错!
文件的写入:
ngnsvr9 [** NONE **]/home/xionghailong/c++/file/write $ cat write_file.cpp
#include <fstream>
#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
ofstream file_writer("data.txt", ios::app);
if (! file_writer.is_open() )
{
cout<<"could not open file"<<'\n';
return 0;
}
for( int i=0; i<10; i++)
{
file_writer << 10-i << '\n';
}
}
ngnsvr9 [** NONE **]/home/xionghailong/c++/file/write $ cat data.txt
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
如果没有data.txt,运行时会自动创建文件;ofstream 接收第二个参数。
ios::app 在文件后面作添加,每次写入之后把位置设到最后
ios::ate 把当前位置设为最后
ios::trunc 删除文件中所有东西
ios::out 允许向文件输入
ios::binary 允许对流进行二进制操作,读取文件同样可以这样
eg:
ofstream a_fie("data.txt", ios::app | ios::binary)
比较基础,希望对你有所帮助!