Go语言 Day06 Summary part2

1.XML

Go offers built-in support for XML and XML-like formats with the encoding.xml package.

[maxwell@oracle-db-19c Day06]$ vim xml.go   
[maxwell@oracle-db-19c Day06]$ cat xml.go   
package main

import (
    "encoding/xml"
    "fmt"
)

type Plant struct {
    XMLName xml.Name `xml:"plant"`
    Id      int      `xml:"id,attr"`
    Name    string   `xml:"name"`
    Origin  []string `xml:"origin"`
}

func (p Plant) String() string {
    return fmt.Sprintf("Plant id=%v, name=%v, origin=%v",p.Id, p.Name, p.Origin)
}


func main() {
    coffee := &Plant{Id: 27, Name: "Coffee"}
    coffee.Origin = []string{"Ethiopia","Brazil"}

    out,_ := xml.MarshalIndent(coffee, " ", "  ")
    fmt.Println(string(out))

    fmt.Println(xml.Header + string(out))

    var p Plant
    if err := xml.Unmarshal(out,&p);err!= nil {
        panic(err)
    }
    fmt.Println(p)

    tomato := &Plant{Id: 81, Name: "Tomato"}
    tomato.Origin = []string{"Mexico", "California"}

    type Nesting struct {
        XMLName xml.Name `xml:"nesting"`
        Plants []*Plant  `xml:"Parent>child>plant"`
    }

    nesting := &Nesting{}
    nesting.Plants = []*Plant{coffee, tomato}

    out,_ = xml.MarshalIndent(nesting, "  ", "  ")
    fmt.Println(string(out))
}
[maxwell@oracle-db-19c Day06]$ go run xml.go
 <plant id="27">
   <name>Coffee</name>
   <origin>Ethiopia</origin>
   <origin>Brazil</origin>
 </plant>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <plant id="27">
   <name>Coffee</name>
   <origin>Ethiopia</origin>
   <origin>Brazil</origin>
 </plant>
Plant id=27, name=Coffee, origin=[Ethiopia Brazil]
  <nesting>
    <Parent>
      <child>
        <plant id="27">
          <name>Coffee</name>
          <origin>Ethiopia</origin>
          <origin>Brazil</origin>
        </plant>
        <plant id="81">
          <name>Tomato</name>
          <origin>Mexico</origin>
          <origin>California</origin>
        </plant>
      </child>
    </Parent>
  </nesting>
[maxwell@oracle-db-19c Day06]$ 

2. Time

Go offers extensive support for times and durations; here are some examples.

[maxwell@oracle-db-19c Day06]$ vim time.go
[maxwell@oracle-db-19c Day06]$ cat time.go
package main

import (
   "fmt"
   "time"
)

func main(){
    p := fmt.Println

    now := time.Now()
    p(now)

    then := time.Date(
         2023, 02, 22, 10, 43, 58, 651387237, time.UTC)
    p(then)

    p(then.Year())
    p(then.Month())
    p(then.Day())
    p(then.Hour())
    p(then.Minute())
    p(then.Second())
    p(then.Nanosecond())
    p(then.Location())
    p(then.Weekday())

    p(then.Before(now))
    p(then.After(now))
    p(then.Equal(now))

    diff := now.Sub(then)
    p(diff)

    p(diff.Hours())
    p(diff.Minutes())
    p(diff.Seconds())
    p(diff.Nanoseconds())

    p(then.Add(diff))
    p(then.Add(-diff))

}
[maxwell@oracle-db-19c Day06]$ go run time.go
2023-02-22 10:44:08.274731883 +0800 HKT m=+0.000033700
2023-02-22 10:43:58.651387237 +0000 UTC
2023
February
22
10
43
58
651387237
UTC
Wednesday
false
true
false
-7h59m50.376655354s
-7.997326848709444
-479.8396109225667
-28790.376655354
-28790376655354
2023-02-22 02:44:08.274731883 +0000 UTC
2023-02-22 18:43:49.028042591 +0000 UTC
[maxwell@oracle-db-19c Day06]$ 

3. Epoch

A common requirement in programs is getting the number of seconds, milliseconds, or nanoseconds since the Unix epoch. Here’s how to do it in Go.

[maxwell@oracle-db-19c Day06]$ vim epoch.go   
[maxwell@oracle-db-19c Day06]$ cat epoch.go   
package main

import (
     "fmt"
     "time"
)

func main(){
    now := time.Now()
    fmt.Println(now)

    fmt.Println(now.Unix())
    fmt.Println(now.UnixMilli())
    fmt.Println(now.UnixNano())

    fmt.Println(time.Unix(now.Unix(),0))
    fmt.Println(time.Unix(0, now.UnixNano()))
}
[maxwell@oracle-db-19c Day06]$ go run epoch.go
2023-02-22 10:54:33.619707882 +0800 HKT m=+0.000033672
1677034473
1677034473619
1677034473619707882
2023-02-22 10:54:33 +0800 HKT
2023-02-22 10:54:33.619707882 +0800 HKT
[maxwell@oracle-db-19c Day06]$ 

4.Time Formatting / Parsing

[maxwell@oracle-db-19c Day06]$ vim timeformatting_parsing.go   
[maxwell@oracle-db-19c Day06]$ cat timeformatting_parsing.go   
package main

import (
     "fmt"
     "time"
)

func main() {
    p := fmt.Println

    t := time.Now()

    p(t.Format(time.RFC3339))

    t1, e := time.Parse(
        time.RFC3339,"2023-02-22T14:09:41+00:00")
    p(t1)

    p(t.Format("2:10PM"))
    p(t.Format("Mon Feb _22 14:04:05 2023"))
    p(t.Format("2023-02-22T14:04:05.999999-07:00"))
    form := "3 04 PM"
    t2, e := time.Parse(form, "8 41 PM")
    p(t2)

    fmt.Printf("%d-%02d-%02dT%02d:%02d:%02d-00:00\n",t.Year(), t.Month(), t.Day(),t.Hour(), t.Minute(), t.Second())

    ansic := "Wed Feb _22 14:04:05 2023"
    _, e = time.Parse(ansic, "8:41PM")
    p(e)
}
[maxwell@oracle-db-19c Day06]$ go run timeformatting_parsing.go
2023-02-22T14:18:02+08:00
2023-02-22 14:09:41 +0000 +0000
22:20PM
Wed Feb 2222 218:18:02 22222
22222-22-2222T218:18:02.505792+08:00
0000-01-01 20:41:00 +0000 UTC
2023-02-22T14:18:02-00:00
parsing time "8:41PM" as "Wed Feb _22 14:04:05 2023": cannot parse "8:41PM" as "Wed Feb "
[maxwell@oracle-db-19c Day06]$ 

5.Random Numbers

Go’s math/rand package provides pseudorandom number generation.

[maxwell@oracle-db-19c Day06]$ vim random_numbers.go   
[maxwell@oracle-db-19c Day06]$ cat random_numbers.go   
package main

import (
     "fmt"
     "math/rand"
     "time"
)

func main(){
     fmt.Print(rand.Intn(100), ".")
     fmt.Print(rand.Intn(100))
     fmt.Println()

     fmt.Println(rand.Float64())

     fmt.Print((rand.Float64()*5)+5, ",")
     fmt.Print((rand.Float64() * 5) + 5)
     fmt.Println()

     s1 := rand.NewSource(time.Now().UnixNano())
     r1 := rand.New(s1)



     fmt.Print(r1.Intn(100), ",")
     fmt.Print(r1.Intn(100))
     fmt.Println()

     s2 := rand.NewSource(42)
     r2 := rand.New(s2)
     fmt.Print(r2.Intn(100),",")
     fmt.Print(r2.Intn(100))
     fmt.Println()
     s3 := rand.NewSource(42)
     r3 := rand.New(s3)
     fmt.Print(r3.Intn(100),",")
     fmt.Print(r3.Intn(100))
     fmt.Println()
}


[maxwell@oracle-db-19c Day06]$ go run random_numbers.go
81.87
0.6645600532184904
7.1885709359349015,7.123187485356329
10,58
5,87
5,87
[maxwell@oracle-db-19c Day06]$