C++ STL源码学习（基本算法篇）

最新推荐文章于 2023-02-03 10:40:35 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2023-02-03 10:40:35 发布

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分类专栏：算法 C++ 文章标签： c++ 源码 stl 算法

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stl_algobase.h

///这个文件中提供到的算法都是在STL容器实现中用到的算法

template <class _ForwardIter1, class _ForwardIter2, class _Tp>
inline void __iter_swap(_ForwardIter1 __a, _ForwardIter2 __b, _Tp*) {
  _Tp __tmp = *__a;
  *__a = *__b;
  *__b = __tmp;
}

///推导迭代器所指类型的型别
template <class _ForwardIter1, class _ForwardIter2>
inline void iter_swap(_ForwardIter1 __a, _ForwardIter2 __b) {

    ///在编译期,确保_ForwardIter1是指向非常量的前向迭代器
  __STL_REQUIRES(_ForwardIter1, _Mutable_ForwardIterator);
  __STL_REQUIRES(_ForwardIter2, _Mutable_ForwardIterator);

  ///在编译期,确保_ForwardIter1所指类型可以转化到ForwardIter2所指类型
  __STL_CONVERTIBLE(typename iterator_traits<_ForwardIter1>::value_type,
                    typename iterator_traits<_ForwardIter2>::value_type);
  __STL_CONVERTIBLE(typename iterator_traits<_ForwardIter2>::value_type,
                    typename iterator_traits<_ForwardIter1>::value_type);


  __iter_swap(__a, __b, __VALUE_TYPE(__a));
}

template <class _Tp>
inline void swap(_Tp& __a, _Tp& __b) {
  __STL_REQUIRES(_Tp, _Assignable);   ///在编译期,确保_Tp可以被赋值
  _Tp __tmp = __a;
  __a = __b;
  __b = __tmp;
}


/// min and max

template <class _Tp>
inline const _Tp& min(const _Tp& __a, const _Tp& __b) {
  __STL_REQUIRES(_Tp, _LessThanComparable);  ///在编译期,确保_Tp具有小于操作符
  return __b < __a ? __b : __a;
}

template <class _Tp>
inline const _Tp& max(const _Tp& __a, const _Tp& __b) {
  __STL_REQUIRES(_Tp, _LessThanComparable);
  return  __a < __b ? __b : __a;
}


template <class _Tp, class _Compare>
inline const _Tp& min(const _Tp& __a, const _Tp& __b, _Compare __comp) {
  return __comp(__b, __a) ? __b : __a;
}

template <class _Tp, class _Compare>
inline const _Tp& max(const _Tp& __a, const _Tp& __b, _Compare __comp) {
  return __comp(__a, __b) ? __b : __a;
}

/// copy

/// All of these auxiliary functions serve two purposes.  (1) Replace
/// calls to copy with memmove whenever possible.  (Memmove, not memcpy,
/// because the input and output ranges are permitted to overlap.)
/// (2) If we're using random access iterators, then write the loop as
/// a for loop with an explicit count.

template <class _InputIter, class _OutputIter, class _Distance>
inline _OutputIter __copy(_InputIter __first, _InputIter __last,
                          _OutputIter __result,
                          input_iterator_tag, _Distance*)
{
     ///copy操作是调用赋值运算符实现的,而赋值运算符的两个操作数都必须是合法对象
     ///因此不能将对象复制给一片空白的内存空间
  for ( ; __first != __last; ++__result, ++__first)
    *__result = *__first;
  return __result;
}

template <class _RandomAccessIter, class _OutputIter, class _Distance>
inline _OutputIter
__copy(_RandomAccessIter __first, _RandomAccessIter __last,
       _OutputIter __result, random_access_iterator_tag, _Distance*)
{
    ///此举利用_RandomAccessIter的特性,将循环条件改为n>0;
    ///程序更高效,因为_RandomAccessIter的operator!=函数必然要复杂许多
  for (_Distance __n = __last - __first; __n > 0; --__n) {
    *__result = *__first;
    ++__first;
    ++__result;
  }
  return __result;
}

template <class _Tp>
inline _Tp*
__copy(const _Tp* __first, const _Tp* __last, _Tp* __result,__true_type) {
  memmove(__result, __first, sizeof(_Tp) * (__last - __first));
  return __result + (__last - __first);
}

template <class _Tp>
inline _Tp*
__copy(const _Tp* __first, const _Tp* __last, _Tp* __result,__false_type) {
  __copy(__first,__last,__result,random_access_iterator_tag,(ptrdiff_t*)0);
}

template <class _Tp,_Distance>
inline _Tp*
__copy(const _Tp* __first, const _Tp* __last, _Tp* __result,random_access_iterator_tag,_Distance*) {
  return __copy(__first,__last,__result,__type_traits<Tp>::is_POD_type());
}

template <class _InputIter, class _OutputIter>
inline _OutputIter copy(_InputIter __first, _InputIter __last,
                        _OutputIter __result)
{
  return __copy(__first, __last, __result,
                __ITERATOR_CATEGORY(__first),
                __DISTANCE_TYPE(__first));
}



template <class _BidirectionalIter1, class _BidirectionalIter2,
          class _Distance>
inline _BidirectionalIter2 __copy_backward(_BidirectionalIter1 __first,
                                           _BidirectionalIter1 __last,
                                           _BidirectionalIter2 __result,
                                           bidirectional_iterator_tag,
                                           _Distance*)
{
  while (__first != __last)
    *--__result = *--__last;
  return __result;
}

template <class _RandomAccessIter, class _BidirectionalIter, class _Distance>
inline _BidirectionalIter __copy_backward(_RandomAccessIter __first,
                                          _RandomAccessIter __last,
                                          _BidirectionalIter __result,
                                          random_access_iterator_tag,
                                          _Distance*)
{
  for (_Distance __n = __last - __first; __n > 0; --__n)
    *--__result = *--__last;
  return __result;
}


//--------------------------------------------------
// copy_n (not part of the C++ standard)

template <class _InputIter, class _Size, class _OutputIter>
pair<_InputIter, _OutputIter> __copy_n(_InputIter __first, _Size __count,
                                       _OutputIter __result,
                                       input_iterator_tag) {
  for ( ; __count > 0; --__count) {
    *__result = *__first;
    ++__first;
    ++__result;
  }
  return pair<_InputIter, _OutputIter>(__first, __result);
}

template <class _RAIter, class _Size, class _OutputIter>
inline pair<_RAIter, _OutputIter>
__copy_n(_RAIter __first, _Size __count,
         _OutputIter __result,
         random_access_iterator_tag) {
  _RAIter __last = __first + __count;
  return pair<_RAIter, _OutputIter>(__last, copy(__first, __last, __result));
}

template <class _InputIter, class _Size, class _OutputIter>
inline pair<_InputIter, _OutputIter>
__copy_n(_InputIter __first, _Size __count, _OutputIter __result) {
  return __copy_n(__first, __count, __result,
                  __ITERATOR_CATEGORY(__first));
}

template <class _InputIter, class _Size, class _OutputIter>
inline pair<_InputIter, _OutputIter>
copy_n(_InputIter __first, _Size __count, _OutputIter __result) {
  __STL_REQUIRES(_InputIter, _InputIterator);
  __STL_REQUIRES(_OutputIter, _OutputIterator);
  return __copy_n(__first, __count, __result);
}

//--------------------------------------------------
// fill and fill_n


template <class _ForwardIter, class _Tp>
void fill(_ForwardIter __first, _ForwardIter __last, const _Tp& __value) {
  __STL_REQUIRES(_ForwardIter, _Mutable_ForwardIterator);
  for ( ; __first != __last; ++__first)
    *__first = __value;
}

template <class _OutputIter, class _Size, class _Tp>
_OutputIter fill_n(_OutputIter __first, _Size __n, const _Tp& __value) {
  __STL_REQUIRES(_OutputIter, _OutputIterator);
  for ( ; __n > 0; --__n, ++__first)
    *__first = __value;
  return __first;
}

// Specialization: for one-byte types we can use memset.

inline void fill(unsigned char* __first, unsigned char* __last,
                 const unsigned char& __c) {
  unsigned char __tmp = __c;
  memset(__first, __tmp, __last - __first);
}

inline void fill(signed char* __first, signed char* __last,
                 const signed char& __c) {
  signed char __tmp = __c;
  memset(__first, static_cast<unsigned char>(__tmp), __last - __first);
}

inline void fill(char* __first, char* __last, const char& __c) {
  char __tmp = __c;
  memset(__first, static_cast<unsigned char>(__tmp), __last - __first);
}

//--------------------------------------------------
// equal and mismatch

template <class _InputIter1, class _InputIter2>
pair<_InputIter1, _InputIter2> mismatch(_InputIter1 __first1,
                                        _InputIter1 __last1,
                                        _InputIter2 __first2) {

  __STL_REQUIRES(_InputIter1, _InputIterator);
  __STL_REQUIRES(_InputIter2, _InputIterator);
  __STL_REQUIRES(typename iterator_traits<_InputIter1>::value_type,
                 _EqualityComparable);
  __STL_REQUIRES(typename iterator_traits<_InputIter2>::value_type,
                 _EqualityComparable);

  while (__first1 != __last1 && *__first1 == *__first2) {
    ++__first1;
    ++__first2;
  }
  return pair<_InputIter1, _InputIter2>(__first1, __first2);
}

template <class _InputIter1, class _InputIter2, class _BinaryPredicate>
pair<_InputIter1, _InputIter2> mismatch(_InputIter1 __first1,
                                        _InputIter1 __last1,
                                        _InputIter2 __first2,
                                        _BinaryPredicate __binary_pred) {

  __STL_REQUIRES(_InputIter1, _InputIterator);
  __STL_REQUIRES(_InputIter2, _InputIterator);

  while (__first1 != __last1 && __binary_pred(*__first1, *__first2)) {
    ++__first1;
    ++__first2;
  }
  return pair<_InputIter1, _InputIter2>(__first1, __first2);
}

template <class _InputIter1, class _InputIter2>
inline bool equal(_InputIter1 __first1, _InputIter1 __last1,
                  _InputIter2 __first2) {

  __STL_REQUIRES(_InputIter1, _InputIterator);
  __STL_REQUIRES(_InputIter2, _InputIterator);
  __STL_REQUIRES(typename iterator_traits<_InputIter1>::value_type,
                 _EqualityComparable);
  __STL_REQUIRES(typename iterator_traits<_InputIter2>::value_type,
                 _EqualityComparable);

  for ( ; __first1 != __last1; ++__first1, ++__first2)
    if (*__first1 != *__first2)
      return false;
  return true;
}

template <class _InputIter1, class _InputIter2, class _BinaryPredicate>
inline bool equal(_InputIter1 __first1, _InputIter1 __last1,
                  _InputIter2 __first2, _BinaryPredicate __binary_pred) {

  __STL_REQUIRES(_InputIter1, _InputIterator);
  __STL_REQUIRES(_InputIter2, _InputIterator);

  for ( ; __first1 != __last1; ++__first1, ++__first2)
    if (!__binary_pred(*__first1, *__first2))
      return false;
  return true;
}

//--------------------------------------------------
// lexicographical_compare and lexicographical_compare_3way.
// (the latter is not part of the C++ standard.)

template <class _InputIter1, class _InputIter2>
bool lexicographical_compare(_InputIter1 __first1, _InputIter1 __last1,
                             _InputIter2 __first2, _InputIter2 __last2) {

  __STL_REQUIRES(_InputIter1, _InputIterator);
  __STL_REQUIRES(_InputIter2, _InputIterator);
  __STL_REQUIRES(typename iterator_traits<_InputIter1>::value_type,
                 _LessThanComparable);
  __STL_REQUIRES(typename iterator_traits<_InputIter2>::value_type,
                 _LessThanComparable);

  for ( ; __first1 != __last1 && __first2 != __last2
        ; ++__first1, ++__first2) {
    if (*__first1 < *__first2)
      return true;
    if (*__first2 < *__first1)
      return false;
  }

  return __first1 == __last1 && __first2 != __last2;
}

template <class _InputIter1, class _InputIter2, class _Compare>
bool lexicographical_compare(_InputIter1 __first1, _InputIter1 __last1,
                             _InputIter2 __first2, _InputIter2 __last2,
                             _Compare __comp) {

  __STL_REQUIRES(_InputIter1, _InputIterator);
  __STL_REQUIRES(_InputIter2, _InputIterator);

  for ( ; __first1 != __last1 && __first2 != __last2
        ; ++__first1, ++__first2) {
    if (__comp(*__first1, *__first2))
      return true;
    if (__comp(*__first2, *__first1))
      return false;
  }

  return __first1 == __last1 && __first2 != __last2;
}

inline bool
lexicographical_compare(const unsigned char* __first1,
                        const unsigned char* __last1,
                        const unsigned char* __first2,
                        const unsigned char* __last2)
{
  const size_t __len1 = __last1 - __first1;
  const size_t __len2 = __last2 - __first2;

  const int __result = memcmp(__first1, __first2, min(__len1, __len2));
  return __result != 0 ? __result < 0 : __len1 < __len2;
}