JAVA 多线程同步工具类总结



这两天看了《JAVA 并发编程实战》一书，内容很不错，关于同步常用的几个工具类总结如下：

• CountDownLatch 闭锁：可以延迟线程的进度，直到锁到达终止状态。闭锁的作用相当于一扇门，在锁到达终止状态之前这扇门一直是关闭的。当锁到达终止状态时，允许所有线程通过。CountDownLatch 有一个初始值，通过调用 countDown 可以减少该值，一直到 0 时到达终止状态。
  
  
• FutureTask 用于执行一个可返回结果的长任务，任务在单独的线程中执行，其他线程可以用 get 方法取任务结果，如果任务尚未完成，线程在 get 上阻塞。
  
  
• Semaphore 用于控制同时访问某资源，或同时执行某操作的线程数目。信号量有一个初始值即可以分配的信号量总数目。线程任务开始前先调用 acquire 取得信号量，任务结束后调用 release 释放信号量。在 acquire 是如果没有可用信号量，线程将阻塞在 acquire 上，直到其他线程释放一个信号量。
  
  
• CyclicBarrier 栅栏用于多个线程多次迭代时进行同步，在一轮任务中，任何线程完成任务后都在 barrier 上等待，直到所有其他线程也完成任务，然后一起释放，同时进入下一轮迭代。

CountDownLatch 的例子：

[java] view plain copy print ?

1. import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;  
2. import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;  
3.   
4.   
5. public class DemoOfLatch {  
6.   
7.     // 利用闭锁 CountDownLatch 控制主线程和子线程的同步  
8.     public static void main(String[] args) {  
9.           
10.         int numberOfThread = 5;  
11.         final CountDownLatch startLatch = new CountDownLatch(1);                // 用于控制子线程开始  
12.         final CountDownLatch stopLatch = new CountDownLatch(numberOfThread);    // 用于子线程计数  
13.         final AtomicInteger count = new AtomicInteger(0);                       // 用于分配子线程唯一标识  
14.           
15.         System.out.println("Main thread start...");  
16.           
17.         for ( int i=0; i<numberOfThread; i++ ) {  
18.             Thread thread = new Thread( new Runnable() {  
19.   
20.                 @Override  
21.                 public void run() {  
22.                     int tid = count.getAndIncrement();  
23.                     try {  
24.                         // 等代主线程打开启动信号  
25.                         startLatch.await();  
26.                         System.out.printf("Thread %d started...%n", tid);  
27.                         int duration = (int)(Math.random() * 5000);  
28.                         Thread.sleep(duration);  
29.                     } catch (InterruptedException e) {  
30.                         e.printStackTrace();  
31.                         Thread.currentThread().interrupt();  
32.                     } finally {  
33.                         System.out.printf("Thread %d stoped...%n", tid);  
34.                         // 线程终止前减少线程计数  
35.                         stopLatch.countDown();  
36.                     }  
37.                 }  
38.                   
39.             });  
40.             thread.start();  
41.         }  
42.           
43.         // 在放行子线程之前做点什么别的事情  
44.         System.out.println("Main thread do preparation work for child threads...");  
45.         try {  
46.             Thread.sleep(2000);  
47.         } catch (InterruptedException e) {  
48.             e.printStackTrace();  
49.         }  
50.   
51.         // 打开闭锁放行所有子线程  
52.         System.out.println("Main thread let child threads go...");  
53.         startLatch.countDown();  
54.           
55.         try {  
56.             // 等待子线程计数降为 0 即所有子线程执行完毕  
57.             System.out.println("Main thread wait for all child threads...");  
58.             stopLatch.await();  
59.         } catch (InterruptedException e) {  
60.             e.printStackTrace();  
61.         }  
62.           
63.         System.out.println("Main thread exit...");  
64.     }  
65.   
66. }  

import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;


public class DemoOfLatch {

	// 利用闭锁 CountDownLatch 控制主线程和子线程的同步
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		
		int numberOfThread = 5;
		final CountDownLatch startLatch = new CountDownLatch(1);				// 用于控制子线程开始
		final CountDownLatch stopLatch = new CountDownLatch(numberOfThread);	// 用于子线程计数
		final AtomicInteger count = new AtomicInteger(0);						// 用于分配子线程唯一标识
		
		System.out.println("Main thread start...");
		
		for ( int i=0; i<numberOfThread; i++ ) {
			Thread thread = new Thread( new Runnable() {

				@Override
				public void run() {
					int tid = count.getAndIncrement();
					try {
						// 等代主线程打开启动信号
						startLatch.await();
						System.out.printf("Thread %d started...%n", tid);
						int duration = (int)(Math.random() * 5000);
						Thread.sleep(duration);
					} catch (InterruptedException e) {
						e.printStackTrace();
						Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
					} finally {
						System.out.printf("Thread %d stoped...%n", tid);
						// 线程终止前减少线程计数
						stopLatch.countDown();
					}
				}
				
			});
			thread.start();
		}
		
		// 在放行子线程之前做点什么别的事情
		System.out.println("Main thread do preparation work for child threads...");
		try {
			Thread.sleep(2000);
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}

		// 打开闭锁放行所有子线程
		System.out.println("Main thread let child threads go...");
		startLatch.countDown();
		
		try {
			// 等待子线程计数降为 0 即所有子线程执行完毕
			System.out.println("Main thread wait for all child threads...");
			stopLatch.await();
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		
		System.out.println("Main thread exit...");
	}

}

FutureTask 的例子：

[java] view plain copy print ?

1. import java.util.concurrent.Callable;  
2. import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;  
3. import java.util.concurrent.FutureTask;  
4.   
5.   
6. public class DemoOfFutureTask {  
7.   
8.     public static void main(String[] args) {  
9.           
10.         // 创建一个 Future Task 用于并发执行长任务  
11.         final FutureTask<Movie> future = new FutureTask<Movie>( new Callable<Movie>() {  
12.   
13.             @Override  
14.             public Movie call() throws Exception {  
15.                 System.out.println("Future task started...");  
16.                 Thread.sleep(5000);  
17.                 System.out.println("Future task finished...");  
18.                 return new Movie("2012","Unknown");  
19.             }  
20.               
21.         });  
22.           
23.         // 在子线程中启动任务  
24.         Thread thread = new Thread(future);  
25.         thread.start();  
26.           
27.         // 主线程干点别的事情  
28.         System.out.println("Now let's do sth eles...");  
29.         try {  
30.             Thread.sleep(1000);  
31.         } catch (InterruptedException e1) {  
32.             e1.printStackTrace();  
33.         }  
34.           
35.         // 主线程开始取结果  
36.         System.out.println("Now wait for result of future task...");  
37.         try {  
38.             Movie res = future.get();  
39.             System.out.printf("Result from task is name=%s, actor=%s", res.name, res.actor);  
40.         } catch (InterruptedException e) {  
41.             e.printStackTrace();  
42.         } catch (ExecutionException e) {  
43.             e.printStackTrace();  
44.         }  
45.   
46.     }  
47.       
48.     public static class Movie {  
49.         final public String name;  
50.         final public String actor;  
51.         public Movie(String name, String actor) {  
52.             this.name = name;  
53.             this.actor = actor;  
54.         }  
55.     }  
56.   
57. }  

import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.FutureTask;


public class DemoOfFutureTask {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		
		// 创建一个 Future Task 用于并发执行长任务
		final FutureTask<Movie> future = new FutureTask<Movie>( new Callable<Movie>() {

			@Override
			public Movie call() throws Exception {
				System.out.println("Future task started...");
				Thread.sleep(5000);
				System.out.println("Future task finished...");
				return new Movie("2012","Unknown");
			}
			
		});
		
		// 在子线程中启动任务
		Thread thread = new Thread(future);
		thread.start();
		
		// 主线程干点别的事情
		System.out.println("Now let's do sth eles...");
		try {
			Thread.sleep(1000);
		} catch (InterruptedException e1) {
			e1.printStackTrace();
		}
		
		// 主线程开始取结果
		System.out.println("Now wait for result of future task...");
		try {
			Movie res = future.get();
			System.out.printf("Result from task is name=%s, actor=%s", res.name, res.actor);
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (ExecutionException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}

	}
	
	public static class Movie {
		final public String name;
		final public String actor;
		public Movie(String name, String actor) {
			this.name = name;
			this.actor = actor;
		}
	}

}

Semaphore 的例子：

[java] view plain copy print ?

1. import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;  
2. import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;  
3.   
4. public class DemoOfSemaphore {  
5.   
6.     /** 
7.      * @param args 
8.      */  
9.     public static void main(String[] args) {  
10.   
11.         final int numOfThread = 5;  
12.         final AtomicInteger count = new AtomicInteger(0);       // 用于分配唯一线程标识  
13.         final Semaphore semaphore = new Semaphore(numOfThread); // 用于控制并发线程数目  
14.   
15.         for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {  
16.             Thread thread = new Thread(new Runnable() {  
17.   
18.                 @Override  
19.                 public void run() {  
20.                     int tid = count.getAndIncrement();  
21.                     try {  
22.                         // 等待直到取得信号量  
23.                         System.out.printf("Thread %d wait on semaphore...%n", tid);  
24.                         semaphore.acquire();  
25.                         // 取得信号量之后做点事情  
26.                         System.out.printf("Thread %d get semaphore...%n", tid);  
27.                         int duration = (int)(Math.random() * 5000);  
28.                         Thread.sleep(duration);  
29.                     } catch (InterruptedException e) {  
30.                         e.printStackTrace();  
31.                     } finally {  
32.                         // 做完后释放信号量  
33.                         System.out.printf("Thread %d release semaphore...%n", tid);  
34.                         semaphore.release();  
35.                     }  
36.                       
37.                 }  
38.                   
39.             });  
40.             thread.start();  
41.         }  
42.           
43.     }  
44.   
45. }  

import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;

public class DemoOfSemaphore {

	/**
	 * @param args
	 */
	public static void main(String[] args) {

		final int numOfThread = 5;
		final AtomicInteger count = new AtomicInteger(0);		// 用于分配唯一线程标识
		final Semaphore semaphore = new Semaphore(numOfThread); // 用于控制并发线程数目

		for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
			Thread thread = new Thread(new Runnable() {

				@Override
				public void run() {
					int tid = count.getAndIncrement();
					try {
						// 等待直到取得信号量
						System.out.printf("Thread %d wait on semaphore...%n", tid);
						semaphore.acquire();
						// 取得信号量之后做点事情
						System.out.printf("Thread %d get semaphore...%n", tid);
						int duration = (int)(Math.random() * 5000);
						Thread.sleep(duration);
					} catch (InterruptedException e) {
						e.printStackTrace();
					} finally {
						// 做完后释放信号量
						System.out.printf("Thread %d release semaphore...%n", tid);
						semaphore.release();
					}
					
				}
				
			});
			thread.start();
		}
		
	}

}

CyclicBarrier 的例子：

[java] view plain copy print ?

1. import java.util.concurrent.BrokenBarrierException;  
2. import java.util.concurrent.CyclicBarrier;  
3.   
4. public class DemoOfBarrier {  
5.   
6.     public static void main(String[] args) {  
7.   
8.         final int numOfThread = 2;  
9.         final int numOfIteration = 2;  
10.           
11.         // 创建一个用于线程同步的 Barrier 对象  
12.         final CyclicBarrier barrier = new CyclicBarrier(numOfThread,  
13.                 new Runnable() {  
14.   
15.                     // 当所有线程到达 Barrier 后会执行这个任务  
16.                     // 任务在第一个 到达 Barrier 的线程中执行  
17.                     @Override  
18.                     public void run() {  
19.                         long tid = Thread.currentThread().getId();  
20.                         // 当所有线程完成一轮迭代之后做点清除/准备/提交工作  
21.                         System.out.printf("[%d] - All threads arrived barrier...%n", tid);  
22.                         try {  
23.                             Thread.sleep(2000);  
24.                         } catch (InterruptedException e) {  
25.                             e.printStackTrace();  
26.                         }  
27.                         System.out.printf("[%d] - Clear work done...%n", tid);  
28.                     }  
29.                       
30.                 });  
31.   
32.         // 创建并启动多个线程，他们在 Barrier 上同步  
33.         for (int i = 0; i < numOfThread; i++) {  
34.             Thread thread = new Thread(new Runnable() {  
35.   
36.                 @Override  
37.                 public void run() {  
38.                     long tid = Thread.currentThread().getId();  
39.                     for ( int k=0; k<numOfIteration; k++ ) {  
40.                         try {  
41.                             // 线程进行一轮迭代，做点事情  
42.                             System.out.printf("Thread %d start its work...%n", tid);  
43.                             long duration = (int)(Math.random()*5000);  
44.                             Thread.sleep(duration);  
45.                             // 做完迭代后等待其他线程完成迭代  
46.                             System.out.printf("Thread %d wait on barrier...%n", tid);  
47.                             int num = barrier.await();  
48.                             // 显示完成的顺序  
49.                             System.out.printf("Thread %d pass barrier with order=%d...%n", tid, num);  
50.                         } catch (InterruptedException e) {  
51.                             e.printStackTrace();  
52.                             Thread.currentThread().interrupt();  
53.                         } catch (BrokenBarrierException e) {  
54.                             e.printStackTrace();  
55.                         }  
56.                     }  
57.                 }  
58.   
59.             });  
60.             thread.start();  
61.         }  
62.   
63.     }  
64.   
65. }