linux下部署tomcat集群

最进在学习linux下部署系统，对linux有个大概的了解，才发现linux真的非常强大，一般的系统都是部署在linux下的，学习linux非常重要，包括shell的编程，linux学习道路还很长。

一般都是安装虚拟机，然后在虚拟机中安装linux系统，redhat或者ubutun系统，通过xshell连接系统，xfp进行win7和linux系统下文件的共享，传输。

  

  

       一、安装jdk

          官方下载linux版本的jdk，笔者使用的是jdk-6u13-linux-i586.bin版本，

           在local下新建java文件夹，利用xftp将jdk-6u13-linux-i586.bin拷贝到java下并安装    

[root@sql1 tomcat6]# cd /usr/local/
[root@sql1 local]# mkdir java
[root@sql1 local]# cd java/
[root@sql1 java]# pwd
/usr/local/java
[root@sql1 java]# ./jdk-6u13-linux-i586.bin

  配置/etc/profile   设置系统环境，在文件底部添加环境，保存退出，掌握vi的几种模式和命令

root@sql1 java]#vim /etc/profile
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/java/jdk1.6.0_43
export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar:.
export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin
让环境变量生效
root@sql1 java]#source /etc/profile 
表示jdk安装成功了，接下来是安装tomcat了，tomcat是用java写的，因此需要java运行环境

  二、tomcat安装

   在local下新建tomcat6目录，将apache-tomcat-6.0.37.tar.gz拷贝到tomcat下，解压apache-tomcat-6.0.37.tar.gz

   生成apache-tomcat-6.0.37目录

[root@sql1 tomcat6]# cd /usr/local/
[root@sql1 local]# mkdir tomcat6
[root@sql1 local]# cd tomcat6/
[root@sql1 tomcat6]# pwd
/usr/local/tomcat6

解压tomcat文件

[root@sql1 tomcat6]# tar jxvf apache-tomcat-6.0.37.tar.gz

设置系统环境变量，在底部添加

[root@sql1 tomcat6]#vim /etc/profile

export TOMCAT_HOME=/usr/local/tomcat6/apache-tomcat-6.0.37
export CATALINA_HOME=/usr/local/tomcat6/apache-tomcat-6.0.37

让环境变量生效

[root@sql1 tomcat6]#source  /etc/profile

启动tomcat

[root@sql1 tomcat6]#cd  $TOMCAT_HOME/bin
[root@localhost bin]# ./startup.sh

访问http://localhost:8080出现小猫，说明tomcat安装成功，接下来是部署tomcat集群，

 三、tomcat集群配置

      同样的方法安装第二个tomcat,目录为apache-tomat-6.0.37-1,修改server.xml文件让第二个tomcat启动起来

[root@sql1 tomcat6]#cd  $TOMCAT_HOME/conf
[root@localhost bin]# vi server.xml

修改关闭端口为8005
<Server port="8005" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">

修改启动端口8090 redirectPort为9443

<Connector port="8090" protocol="HTTP/1.1"  connectionTimeout="20000" redirectPort="9443" />

 修改ajp端口为8009

  <Connector port="9009" protocol="AJP/1.3"  connectionTimeout="20000" redirectPort="9443" />

启动tomcat1成功，接下来配置tomat集群，

  在<Connection port="8080"/>  、 <Connection port="9009"/>中加入一堆配置

<Connector port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
URIEncoding="UTF-8"  minSpareThreads="25" maxSpareThreads="75"
enableLookups="false" disableUploadTimeout="true" connectionTimeout="20000"
acceptCount="300"  maxThreads="300" maxProcessors="1000" minProcessors="5"
useURIValidationHack="false"
compression="on" compressionMinSize="2048"
compressableMimeType="text/html,text/xml,text/javascript,text/css,text/plain"
 redirectPort="8443" />    

<Connector port="8009" protocol="AJP/1.3"
 URIEncoding="UTF-8"  minSpareThreads="25" maxSpareThreads="75"
enableLookups="false" disableUploadTimeout="true" connectionTimeout="20000"
acceptCount="300"  maxThreads="300" maxProcessors="1000" minProcessors="5"
useURIValidationHack="false"
compression="on" compressionMinSize="2048"
compressableMimeType="text/html,text/xml,text/javascript,text/css,text/plain"
redirectPort="8443" />

在<Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="jvm1">-->下配置jvmRoute="tomcat1"

<Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="tomcat1">-----tomcat1中设置为tomcat2
在jvmRoute下，<request>上添加

<Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"
 channelSendOptions="6">
 <Manager className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.BackupManager"
expireSessionsOnShutdown="false"
notifyListenersOnReplication="true"
mapSendOptions="6"/>
<Channel className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.GroupChannel">
<Membership className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.membership.McastService"
 address="228.0.0.4"
 port="45564"
 frequency="500"
 dropTime="3000"/>
<Receiver className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.NioReceiver"
  address="127.0.0.1"
  port="4001"---tomcat2中设置为4002
  selectorTimeout="100"
  maxThreads="6"/>
 <Sender className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.ReplicationTransmitter">
 <Transport className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.PooledParallelSender" timeout="60000"/>
 </Sender>
 <Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.TcpFailureDetector"/>
<Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.MessageDispatch15Interceptor"/>
<Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.ThroughputInterceptor"/>
</Channel>
<Valve className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.ReplicationValve"
 filter=".*\.gif;.*\.js;.*\.jpg;.*\.png;.*\.htm;.*\.html;.*\.css;.*\.txt;"/>
<ClusterListener className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.ClusterSessionListener"/>
</Cluster>

linux还需加入组播，否则启动tomcat失败，

route add -net 224.0.0.0 netmask 240.0.0.0  dev eth0

  启动tomcat,tomat1成功，接下来配置apche实现负载均衡

      四、配置apache负载均衡

根目录下新建webapp，设置webapp为apache放置静态文件，修改DocumentRoot

 DocumentRoot "/webapp"  

<Directory "/webapp">

      tomcat官网下载mod_jk-1.2.23-apache-2.2.x-linux-i686.so放置在modles中

      在server.xml最底部添加   

LoadModule jk_module modules/mod_jk-1.2.23-apache-2.2.x-linux-i686.so
JKWorkersFile conf/workers.properties
JkLogFile logs/mod_jk.log
<VirtualHost *>
DocumentRoot /webapp
<Directory "/webapp/Hello">
    AllowOverride None
    Order allow,deny
          Allow from all
</Directory>
<Directory "/webapp/Hello/WEB-INF">
         Order deny,allow
         Deny from all
</Directory>
ServerAdmin localhost
DocumentRoot /webapp
ServerName shnlap93:80
DirectoryIndex index.html index.htm index.jsp index.action
ErrorLog logs/shsc-error_log.txt
CustomLog logs/shsc-access_log.txt common

JkMount /*WEB-INF controller
JkMount /*j_spring_security_check controller
JkMount /*.action controller
JkMount /servlet/* controller
JkMount /*.jsp controller
JkMount /*.do controller

静态页面入js,css交给apache进行处理，jsp,servlet等动态请求交给tomcat处理

在conf中新建 workers.properties 内容为

worker.list = controller
#tomcat1
worker.tomcat1.port=8009
worker.tomcat1.host=localhost
worker.tomcat1.type=ajp13
worker.tomcat1.lbfactor=1
#tomcat2
worker.tomcat2.port=9009
worker.tomcat2.host=localhost
worker.tomcat2.type=ajp13
worker.tomcat2.lbfactor=1
#========controller========
worker.controller.type=lb
worker.controller.balance_workers=tomcat1,tomcat2
worker.controller.sticky_session=0
worker.controller.sticky_session_force=true
worker.connection_pool_size=3000
worker.connection_pool_minsize=50
worker.connection_pool_timeout=50000

依次启动tomcat,tomcat1,apache,访问http://localhost出现小猫说明配置成功，接下来检验集群的session复制和

负载均衡了,写个简单的jsp页面显示sessionid,不同的浏览器访问时sessionid后面会有.tomcat1, .tomcat2，说明负载

均衡实现，当停止其中一台tomcat后，刷新页面但是sessionid并没有改变，说明session从tomcat中复制到了tomcat1中，

实现了session的复制，tomcat的具体原理和配置的解释可以参考官网http://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-6.0-doc/cluster-howto.html