KVC的使用

定义一个Student类和Course类，继承于NSObject。

1、一般的KVC访问，在Student类.h中定义一个属性

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
@interface Student : NSObject{
    NSString *studentName;
}

.m文件也没有任何的实现。studentName属性没有加property，原来的访问方法就访问不了studentName属性了，只有使用KVC，在main.m中添加如下代码，便能通过valueForKey访问studentName属性。

#import "Student.h"

int main(int argc, const char * argv[])
{
    @autoreleasepool {
    Student *student = [[Student alloc]init];
        [student setValue:@"will" forKey:@"studentName"];
        NSString *name = [student valueForKey:@"studentName"];
        NSLog(@"学生姓名:%@",name);
     }
    return 0;
}

2、键路径访问属性，访问其他类中的属性，那就用到了键路径

关键字：键路径取值valueForKeyPath
键路径存值：forKeyPath
在Course类.h中定义一个属性, 通过键路径valueForKeyPath访问Course中CourseName的属性

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

@interface Course : NSObject{

    NSString *courseName;
}
@end

在Student中添加Course属性 ，student.h文件中代码如下：

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import "Course.h"
@interface Student : NSObject{

    NSString *studentName;
    Course *studentCourse;
}

@end

在main.m中通过键路径访问Course中CourseName的属性，main.m代码如下：

int main(int argc, char * argv[]) {
    @autoreleasepool {
        Student *student = [[Student alloc]init];
        [student setValue:@"will" forKey:@"studentName"];
        NSString *name = [student valueForKey:@"studentName"];
        NSLog(@"学生姓名:%@",name);



        Course *course = [[Course alloc]init];
        [course setValue:@"math" forKey:@"courseName"];

        [student setValue:course forKey:@"studentCourse"];//注意course的格式

        //通过键路径访问Course中CourseName的属性
        NSString *courseName = [student valueForKeyPath:@"studentCourse.courseName"];
        NSLog(@"课程名称:%@", courseName);


        //也可以这样存值
        [student setValue:@"数学课" forKeyPath:@"studentCourse.courseName"];
        courseName = [student valueForKeyPath:@"studentCourse.courseName"];
        NSLog(@"课程名称:%@", courseName);
    }
    return 0;
}

打印结果：

3、操作数组
在Student类中加入数组NSArray,用来表示其他的学生。这样可以添加多个其他的学生，再用集合操作计算学生的分数，最高分，最低分，平均分等

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
@class Course;
@interface Student : NSObject
{
    NSString *name;
    Course *course;
    NSInteger point;
    NSArray *otherStudent;
}
@end

main.m文件中得代码：

#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>
#import "AppDelegate.h"
#import "Student.h"
#import "Course.h"
int main(int argc, char * argv[]) {
    @autoreleasepool {
        Student *student = [[Student alloc]init];
        [student setValue:@"will" forKey:@"studentName"];
        NSString *name = [student valueForKey:@"studentName"];
        NSLog(@"学生姓名:%@",name);

        [student setValue:@"88" forKey:@"point"];
        NSString *point = [student valueForKey:@"point"];
        NSLog(@"分数:%@", point);

        Course *course = [[Course alloc]init];
        [course setValue:@"math" forKey:@"courseName"];

        [student setValue:course forKey:@"studentCourse"];//注意course的格式

        //通过键路径访问Course中CourseName的属性
        NSString *courseName = [student valueForKeyPath:@"studentCourse.courseName"];
        NSLog(@"课程名称:%@", courseName);


        //也可以这样存值
        [student setValue:@"数学课" forKeyPath:@"studentCourse.courseName"];
        courseName = [student valueForKeyPath:@"studentCourse.courseName"];
        NSLog(@"课程名称:%@", courseName);



        //操作数组
        Student *student1 = [[Student alloc]init];
        Student *student2 = [[Student alloc]init];
        Student *student3 = [[Student alloc]init];
        [student1 setValue:@"66" forKey:@"point"];
        [student2 setValue:@"77" forKey:@"point"];
        [student3 setValue:@"99" forKey:@"point"];
        NSArray *array = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:student1,student2,student3,nil];
        [student setValue:array forKey:@"otherStudent"];
        NSLog(@"其他学生的成绩%@", [student valueForKeyPath:@"otherStudent.point"]);
        NSLog(@"共%@个学生", [student valueForKeyPath:@"otherStudent.@count"]);
        NSLog(@"最高成绩:%@", [student valueForKeyPath:@"otherStudent.@max.point"]);
        NSLog(@"最低成绩:%@", [student valueForKeyPath:@"otherStudent.@min.point"]);
        NSLog(@"平均成绩:%@", [student valueForKeyPath:@"otherStudent.@avg.point"]);


    }
    return 0;
}

打印结果：