一、题目
给定一棵二叉搜索树,请找出其中的第k大的结点。
二、关键
1.中序遍历的结果中,第k个就是第k大。
三、解释
四、代码
#include <cstdio>
#include "../Utilities/BinaryTree.h"
const BinaryTreeNode* KthNodeCore(const BinaryTreeNode* pRoot, unsigned int& k);
const BinaryTreeNode* KthNode(const BinaryTreeNode* pRoot, unsigned int k)
{
if(pRoot == nullptr || k == 0)
return nullptr;
return KthNodeCore(pRoot, k);
}
const BinaryTreeNode* KthNodeCore(const BinaryTreeNode* pRoot, unsigned int& k)
{
const BinaryTreeNode* target = nullptr;
if(pRoot->m_pLeft != nullptr)
target = KthNodeCore(pRoot->m_pLeft, k);
if(target == nullptr)
{
if(k == 1)
target = pRoot;
k--;
}
if(target == nullptr && pRoot->m_pRight != nullptr)
target = KthNodeCore(pRoot->m_pRight, k);
return target;
}
// ====================测试代码====================
void Test(const char* testName, const BinaryTreeNode* pRoot, unsigned int k, bool isNull, int expected)
{
if(testName != nullptr)
printf("%s begins: ", testName);
const BinaryTreeNode* pTarget = KthNode(pRoot, k);
if((isNull && pTarget == nullptr) || (!isNull && pTarget->m_nValue == expected))
printf("Passed.\n");
else
printf("FAILED.\n");
}
// 8
// 6 10
// 5 7 9 11
void TestA()
{
BinaryTreeNode* pNode8 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(8);
BinaryTreeNode* pNode6 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(6);
BinaryTreeNode* pNode10 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(10);
BinaryTreeNode* pNode5 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(5);
BinaryTreeNode* pNode7 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(7);
BinaryTreeNode* pNode9 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(9);
BinaryTreeNode* pNode11 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(11);
ConnectTreeNodes(pNode8, pNode6, pNode10);
ConnectTreeNodes(pNode6, pNode5, pNode7);
ConnectTreeNodes(pNode10, pNode9, pNode11);
Test("TestA0", pNode8, 0, true, -1);
Test("TestA1", pNode8, 1, false, 5);
Test("TestA2", pNode8, 2, false, 6);
Test("TestA3", pNode8, 3, false, 7);
Test("TestA4", pNode8, 4, false, 8);
Test("TestA5", pNode8, 5, false, 9);
Test("TestA6", pNode8, 6, false, 10);
Test("TestA7", pNode8, 7, false, 11);
Test("TestA8", pNode8, 8, true, -1);
DestroyTree(pNode8);
printf("\n\n");
}
// 5
// /
// 4
// /
// 3
// /
// 2
// /
// 1
void TestB()
{
BinaryTreeNode* pNode5 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(5);
BinaryTreeNode* pNode4 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(4);
BinaryTreeNode* pNode3 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(3);
BinaryTreeNode* pNode2 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(2);
BinaryTreeNode* pNode1 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(1);
ConnectTreeNodes(pNode5, pNode4, nullptr);
ConnectTreeNodes(pNode4, pNode3, nullptr);
ConnectTreeNodes(pNode3, pNode2, nullptr);
ConnectTreeNodes(pNode2, pNode1, nullptr);
Test("TestB0", pNode5, 0, true, -1);
Test("TestB1", pNode5, 1, false, 1);
Test("TestB2", pNode5, 2, false, 2);
Test("TestB3", pNode5, 3, false, 3);
Test("TestB4", pNode5, 4, false, 4);
Test("TestB5", pNode5, 5, false, 5);
Test("TestB6", pNode5, 6, true, -1);
DestroyTree(pNode5);
printf("\n\n");
}
// 1
// \
// 2
// \
// 3
// \
// 4
// \
// 5
void TestC()
{
BinaryTreeNode* pNode1 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(1);
BinaryTreeNode* pNode2 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(2);
BinaryTreeNode* pNode3 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(3);
BinaryTreeNode* pNode4 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(4);
BinaryTreeNode* pNode5 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(5);
ConnectTreeNodes(pNode1, nullptr, pNode2);
ConnectTreeNodes(pNode2, nullptr, pNode3);
ConnectTreeNodes(pNode3, nullptr, pNode4);
ConnectTreeNodes(pNode4, nullptr, pNode5);
Test("TestC0", pNode1, 0, true, -1);
Test("TestC1", pNode1, 1, false, 1);
Test("TestC2", pNode1, 2, false, 2);
Test("TestC3", pNode1, 3, false, 3);
Test("TestC4", pNode1, 4, false, 4);
Test("TestC5", pNode1, 5, false, 5);
Test("TestC6", pNode1, 6, true, -1);
DestroyTree(pNode1);
printf("\n\n");
}
// There is only one node in a tree
void TestD()
{
BinaryTreeNode* pNode1 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(1);
Test("TestD0", pNode1, 0, true, -1);
Test("TestD1", pNode1, 1, false, 1);
Test("TestD2", pNode1, 2, true, -1);
DestroyTree(pNode1);
printf("\n\n");
}
// empty tree
void TestE()
{
Test("TestE0", nullptr, 0, true, -1);
Test("TestE1", nullptr, 1, true, -1);
printf("\n\n");
}
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
TestA();
TestB();
TestC();
TestD();
TestE();
}