使用@SpringBootTest注解进行单元测试

概述

@SpringBootTest注解是SpringBoot自1.4.0版本开始引入的一个用于测试的注解。基本用法如下：

1. 添加Maven依赖

<properties>
<project>build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
</properties> <parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>1.5.6.RELEASE</version>
</parent> <dependencies>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies> <build>
<plugins>
    <plugin>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
    </plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</properties>

2. 编写启动入口类

@SpringBootApplication
    public class StartUpApplication {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            SpringApplication.run(StartUpApplication.class, args);
        }
    }

3. 编写Controller类

  @RestController
    public class HelloController {
        @RequestMapping("/")
        public String index() {
            return "Hello Spring Boot,Index!";
        }

        @RequestMapping(value = "/test", method = RequestMethod.GET)
        public String test() {
            return "Spring Boot Test Demo!";
        }
    }

4. 编写测试类

   @RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
    @SpringBootTest(classes = StartUpApplication.class, webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
    public class HelloControllerTest {
        /**
         * @LocalServerPort 提供了 @Value("${local.server.port}") 的代替
         */
        @LocalServerPort
        private int port;
        private URL base;
        @Autowired
        private TestRestTemplate restTemplate;

        @Before
        public void setUp() throws Exception {
            String url = String.format("http://localhost:%d/", port);
            System.out.println(String.format("port is : [%d]", port));
            this.base = new URL(url);
        }

        /**
         * 向"/test"地址发送请求，并打印返回结果
         *
         * @throws Exception
         */
        @Test
        public void test1() throws Exception {
            ResponseEntity<String> response = this.restTemplate.getForEntity(this.base.toString() + "/test", String.class, "");
            System.out.println(String.format("测试结果为：%s", response.getBody()));
        }

其中，classes属性指定启动类，SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT经常和测试类中@LocalServerPort一起在注入属性时使用。会随机生成一个端口号。

总结

我们发现，随着Spring boot 版本的提升，单元测试变得更简单了。