接收启动信息
bootpack.c节选
void HariMain(void) //程序从此处开始运行,函数名不能改
{
char *vram; //BYTE类型地址
int xsize, ysize;
short *binfo_scrnx, *binfo_scrny; //WORD类型地址
int *binfo_vram; //DWORD类型地址
init_palette(); //设置调色板
binfo_scrnx = (short *) 0x0ff4; //0x0ff4是为了与asmhead.nas保持一致出现的
binfo_scrny = (short *) 0x0ff6;
binfo_vram = (int *) 0x0ff8;
xsize = *binfo_scrnx;
ysize = *binfo_scrny;
vram = (char *) *binfo_vram;
init_screen(vram, xsize, ysize); //显示背景
for (;;)
{
io_hlt();
}
}
试用结构体
bootpack.c节选
struct BOOTINFO {
char cyls, leds, vmode, reserve;
short scrnx, scrny;
char *vram;
};
void HariMain(void)
{
char *vram;
int xsize, ysize;
struct BOOTINFO *binfo;
init_palette();
binfo = (struct BOOTINFO *) 0x0ff0;
xsize = (*binfo).scrnx;
ysize = (*binfo).scrny;
vram = (*binfo).vram;
init_screen(vram, xsize, ysize);
for (;;)
{
io_hlt();
}
}
试用箭头记号
bootpack.c节选
void HariMain(void) //程序从此处开始运行,函数名不能改
{
struct BOOTINFO *binfo = (struct BOOTINFO *) 0x0ff0;
init_palette();
init_screen(binfo->vram, binfo->scrnx, binfo->scrny); //显示背景
for (;;)
{
io_hlt();
}
}
显示字符
bootpack.c节选
void HariMain(void) //程序从此处开始运行,函数名不能改
{
struct BOOTINFO *binfo = (struct BOOTINFO *) 0x0ff0;
static char font_A[16] = //存储字符A
{
0x00, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x24, 0x24, 0x24,
0x24, 0x7e, 0x42, 0x42, 0x42, 0xe7, 0x00, 0x00
};
init_palette();
init_screen(binfo->vram, binfo->scrnx, binfo->scrny); //显示背景
putfont8(binfo->vram, binfo->scrnx, 10, 10, COL8_FFFFFF, font_A); //输出字符A
for (;;)
{
io_hlt();
}
}
//x,y表示起始像素点位置
void putfont8(char *vram, int xsize, int x, int y, char c, char *font)
{
int i;
char *p, d;
for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) //字符的存储:每行8位,共16行,所以一个字符用16个字节
{
p = vram + (y + i) * xsize + x;
d = font[i];
if ((d & 0x80) != 0) { p[0] = c; }
if ((d & 0x40) != 0) { p[1] = c; }
if ((d & 0x20) != 0) { p[2] = c; }
if ((d & 0x10) != 0) { p[3] = c; }
if ((d & 0x08) != 0) { p[4] = c; }
if ((d & 0x04) != 0) { p[5] = c; }
if ((d & 0x02) != 0) { p[6] = c; }
if ((d & 0x01) != 0) { p[7] = c; }
}
return;
}
make run
增加字体
沿用OSASK的字体数据
hankaku.txt中的节选
char 0x41
........
...**...
...**...
...**...
...**...
..*..*..
..*..*..
..*..*..
..*..*..
.******.
.*....*.
.*....*.
.*....*.
***..***
........
........
char 0x42
........
****....
.*..*...
.*...*..
.*...*..
.*...*..
.*..*...
.****...
.*...*..
.*....*.
.*....*.
.*....*.
.*...*..
*****...
Makefile中的变动
MAKEFONT = $(TOOLPATH)makefont.exe
BIN2OBJ = $(TOOLPATH)bin2obj.exe
#使用makefont.exe编译hankaku.txt字库
hankaku.bin : hankaku.txt Makefile
$(MAKEFONT) hankaku.txt hankaku.bin
#然后连接所必须的接口信息,生成目标文件hankaku.obj,这样就可以与bootpack.obj连接了
hankaku.obj : hankaku.bin Makefile
$(BIN2OBJ) hankaku.bin hankaku.obj _hankaku
#使用obj2bim.exe将bootpack.obj生成二进制映像文件bootpack.bim,
#这一步是因为C语言不能编写所有的程序,有一部分用汇编来写,然后链接到C语言程序上
bootpack.bim : bootpack.obj naskfunc.obj hankaku.obj Makefile
$(OBJ2BIM) @$(RULEFILE) out:bootpack.bim stack:3136k map:bootpack.map \
bootpack.obj naskfunc.obj hankaku.obj
# 3MB+64KB=3136KB
bootpack.c节选
void HariMain(void) //程序从此处开始运行,函数名不能改
{
struct BOOTINFO *binfo = (struct BOOTINFO *) 0x0ff0;
extern char hankaku[4096]; //在源程序以外准备的数据,都需要加上extern
init_palette(); //设置调色板
init_screen(binfo->vram, binfo->scrnx, binfo->scrny); //设置背景
//显示字符
putfont8(binfo->vram, binfo->scrnx, 8, 8, COL8_FFFFFF, hankaku + 'A' * 16);
putfont8(binfo->vram, binfo->scrnx, 16, 8, COL8_FFFFFF, hankaku + 'B' * 16);
putfont8(binfo->vram, binfo->scrnx, 24, 8, COL8_FFFFFF, hankaku + 'C' * 16);
putfont8(binfo->vram, binfo->scrnx, 40, 8, COL8_FFFFFF, hankaku + '1' * 16);
putfont8(binfo->vram, binfo->scrnx, 48, 8, COL8_FFFFFF, hankaku + '2' * 16);
putfont8(binfo->vram, binfo->scrnx, 56, 8, COL8_FFFFFF, hankaku + '3' * 16);
for (;;)
{
io_hlt();
}
}
make run
显示字符串
bootpack.c节选
void HariMain(void) //程序从此处开始运行,函数名不能改
{
struct BOOTINFO *binfo = (struct BOOTINFO *) 0x0ff0;
extern char hankaku[4096]; //在源程序以外准备的数据,都需要加上extern
init_palette(); //设置调色板
init_screen(binfo->vram, binfo->scrnx, binfo->scrny); //设置背景
//显示字符串
putfonts8_asc(binfo->vram, binfo->scrnx, 8, 8, COL8_FFFFFF, "ABC 123");
putfonts8_asc(binfo->vram, binfo->scrnx, 31, 31, COL8_000000, "Haribote OS.");
putfonts8_asc(binfo->vram, binfo->scrnx, 30, 30, COL8_FFFFFF, "Haribote OS.");
for (;;)
{
io_hlt();
}
}
void putfonts8_asc(char *vram, int xsize, int x, int y, char c, unsigned char *s)
{
extern char hankaku[4096];
for (; *s != 0x00; s++) //字符串都是以0x00结尾的
{
putfont8(vram, xsize, x, y, c, hankaku + *s * 16);
x += 8;
}
return;
}
make run
显示变量值
bootpack.c中的变动
#include <stdio.h>
void HariMain(void) //程序从此处开始运行,函数名不能改
{
struct BOOTINFO *binfo = (struct BOOTINFO *) 0x0ff0;
extern char hankaku[4096]; //在源程序以外准备的数据,都需要加上extern
char s[40];
init_palette(); //设置调色板
init_screen(binfo->vram, binfo->scrnx, binfo->scrny); //设置背景
//显示字符串
putfonts8_asc(binfo->vram, binfo->scrnx, 8, 8, COL8_FFFFFF, "ABC 123");
putfonts8_asc(binfo->vram, binfo->scrnx, 31, 31, COL8_000000, "Haribote OS.");
putfonts8_asc(binfo->vram, binfo->scrnx, 30, 30, COL8_FFFFFF, "Haribote OS.");
//sprintf不是按指定格式输出,只是将输出内容作为字符串写在内存中,可应用于所有操作系统
sprintf(s, "scrnx = %d", binfo->scrnx);
putfonts8_asc(binfo->vram, binfo->scrnx, 16, 64, COL8_FFFFFF, s);
for (;;)
{
io_hlt();
}
}
void putfonts8_asc(char *vram, int xsize, int x, int y, char c, unsigned char *s)
{
extern char hankaku[4096];
for (; *s != 0x00; s++) //字符串都是以0x00结尾的
{
putfont8(vram, xsize, x, y, c, hankaku + *s * 16);
x += 8;
}
return;
}
make run
显示鼠标指针
与显示字符的思想类似。
bootpack.c变动
void HariMain(void) //程序从此处开始运行,函数名不能改
{
struct BOOTINFO *binfo = (struct BOOTINFO *) 0x0ff0;
char s[40], mcursor[256];
int mx, my;
init_palette(); //设置调色板
init_screen(binfo->vram, binfo->scrnx, binfo->scrny); //设置背景
//显示鼠标
mx = (binfo->scrnx - 16) / 2;
my = (binfo->scrny - 28 - 16) / 2;
init_mouse_cursor8(mcursor, COL8_008484);
putblock8_8(binfo->vram, binfo->scrnx, 16, 16, mx, my, mcursor, 16);
sprintf(s, "(%d, %d)", mx, my);
putfonts8_asc(binfo->vram, binfo->scrnx, 0, 0, COL8_FFFFFF, s);
for (;;)
{
io_hlt();
}
}
//制作要显示的字符
void init_mouse_cursor8(char *mouse, char bc)
{
static char cursor[16][16] =
{
"**************..",
"*OOOOOOOOOOO*...",
"*OOOOOOOOOO*....",
"*OOOOOOOOO*.....",
"*OOOOOOOO*......",
"*OOOOOOO*.......",
"*OOOOOOO*.......",
"*OOOOOOOO*......",
"*OOOO**OOO*.....",
"*OOO*..*OOO*....",
"*OO*....*OOO*...",
"*O*......*OOO*..",
"**........*OOO*.",
"*..........*OOO*",
"............*OO*",
".............***"
};
int x, y;
for (y = 0; y < 16; y++)
{
for (x = 0; x < 16; x++)
{
if (cursor[y][x] == '*')
mouse[y * 16 + x] = COL8_000000; //黑色
if (cursor[y][x] == 'O')
mouse[y * 16 + x] = COL8_FFFFFF; //白色
if (cursor[y][x] == '.')
mouse[y * 16 + x] = bc; //背景色
}
}
return;
}
//进行显示,只需将buf中的数据复制到vram中
//vxsize与vysize与vram有关,vysize=0xa0000, vxsize=320
//pxsize与pysize是想要显示图像的大小,因为鼠标指针大小为16*16,所以两个值都为16
//buf指定图形存放地址,bxsize指定每一行含有的像素值,与pxsize大体相同
//px0与py0为要显示字符的起始像素点
void putblock8_8(char *vram, int vxsize, int pxsize,
int pysize, int px0, int py0, char *buf, int bxsize)
{
int x, y;
for (y = 0; y < pysize; y++)
{
for (x = 0; x < pxsize; x++)
vram[(py0 + y) * vxsize + (px0 + x)] = buf[y * bxsize + x];
}
return;
}
make run
GDT与IDT的初始化
两者都是与CPU有关的设定
GDT global (segment) descriptor table,全局段号记录表
IDT interrupt descriptor table,中断记录表
asmhead.nas需要增加设定,因为之前只是为运行bootpack.c做了一些设定,这一步跳过。
bootpack.c节选
struct BOOTINFO //12字节
{
char cyls, leds, vmode, reserve;
short scrnx, scrny;
char *vram;
};
struct SEGMENT_DESCRIPTOR { //8字节
short limit_low, base_low;
char base_mid, access_right;
char limit_high, base_high;
};
struct GATE_DESCRIPTOR { //8字节
short offset_low, selector;
char dw_count, access_right;
short offset_high;
};
void init_gdtidt(void);
void set_segmdesc(struct SEGMENT_DESCRIPTOR *sd, unsigned int limit, int base, int ar);
void set_gatedesc(struct GATE_DESCRIPTOR *gd, int offset, int selector, int ar);
void load_gdtr(int limit, int addr);
void load_idtr(int limit, int addr);
void init_gdtidt(void)
{
//0x270000到0x27ffff设为GDT,因为这一块内存没有特殊用途
struct SEGMENT_DESCRIPTOR *gdt = (struct SEGMENT_DESCRIPTOR *) 0x00270000;
//0x26f800到0x26ffff设为IDT
struct GATE_DESCRIPTOR *idt = (struct GATE_DESCRIPTOR *) 0x0026f800;
int i;
/* GDT的初始化*/
for (i = 0; i < 8192; i++) { //完成对8192个段的设定
set_segmdesc(gdt + i, 0, 0, 0); //将每个段的上限、基址、访问权限都设为0
}
//将1号段上限设为4G,地址为0,表示CPU所能管理的全部内存本身
set_segmdesc(gdt + 1, 0xffffffff, 0x00000000, 0x4092);
//将2号段上限设为512KB,地址为0x280000,正好是bootpack.hrb可以执行的地方
set_segmdesc(gdt + 2, 0x0007ffff, 0x00280000, 0x409a);
load_gdtr(0xffff, 0x00270000); //因为C语言不能给GDTR赋值,所以写成汇编
/* IDT的初始化 */
for (i = 0; i < 256; i++)
{
set_gatedesc(idt + i, 0, 0, 0);
}
load_idtr(0x7ff, 0x0026f800); //给IDTR赋值
return;
}
void set_segmdesc(struct SEGMENT_DESCRIPTOR *sd, unsigned int limit, int base, int ar)
{
if (limit > 0xfffff)
{
ar |= 0x8000; /* G_bit = 1 */
limit /= 0x1000;
}
sd->limit_low = limit & 0xffff;
sd->base_low = base & 0xffff;
sd->base_mid = (base >> 16) & 0xff;
sd->access_right = ar & 0xff;
sd->limit_high = ((limit >> 16) & 0x0f) | ((ar >> 8) & 0xf0);
sd->base_high = (base >> 24) & 0xff;
return;
}
void set_gatedesc(struct GATE_DESCRIPTOR *gd, int offset, int selector, int ar)
{
gd->offset_low = offset & 0xffff;
gd->selector = selector;
gd->dw_count = (ar >> 8) & 0xff;
gd->access_right = ar & 0xff;
gd->offset_high = (offset >> 16) & 0xffff;
return;
}
段的地址在CPU中被称为基址,所以用了base这样的变量名,为了兼容,它分为low(2字节),mid(1字节),high(1字节),然后按顺序填入相应的数值。
段的上限只能使用20位,在段属性中一个标志位Gbit,为1的时候limit的单位不解释成字节(byte),而解释成页(page),1页是4KB。20位段的上限分别写入limit_high和limit_low中,再将段属性写入limit_high高4位中。
对于12位段的访问权属性ar(access_right),高四位放在limit_high高4位中。
0x00:未使用的记录表
0x92:系统专用,可读写的段,不可执行。
0x9a:系统专用,可执行的段,可读不可写。
0xf2 :应用程序用,可读写的段,不可执行。
0xfa : 应用程序,可执行的段,可读不可写。
naskfunc.nas中添加
GLOBAL _load_gdtr, _load_idtr
_load_gdtr: ; void load_gdtr(int limit, int addr);
MOV AX,[ESP+4] ; limit
MOV [ESP+6],AX
LGDT [ESP+6]
RET
_load_idtr: ;void load_idtr(intlimit,int addr);
MOV AX,[ESP+4] ; limit
MOV [ESP+6],AX
LIDT [ESP+6]
RET
load_getr用来指定段的上限和地址值赋值给名为GDTR的48位寄存器。LGDT指令用来从指定位置读取6个字节,然后赋值给GDTR寄存器。DOWRD[ESP+4]中存放段的上限,如0x0000ffff,DWORD[ESP+8]中存放地址,如0x002700,按字节写出为ffff00000002700(靠右边为低位),为了执行LGDT,希望成为ffff00002700形式。
make run后没有什么变化