1、base64编码的作用:
base64编码的东西,任何人都可以解码,所以称之为加密和解密是不合适的,其作用是:便于数据再网络上的传输。举个简单的例子,你使用SMTP协议 (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol 简单邮件传输协议)来发送邮件,因为这个协议是基于文本的协议,所以,如果邮件中包含一幅图片,我们知道图片的存储格式是二进制数据(binary data)而非文本格式,我们必须将二进制的数据编码成文本格式,这时候Base 64 Encoding就派上用场了。
2、C++实现的base64编码类及其使用方法:
1)、类:
#include "stdafx.h"
#include <Windows.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
namespace {
static char encoding_table[] = {'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F', 'G', 'H',
'I', 'J', 'K', 'L', 'M', 'N', 'O', 'P',
'Q', 'R', 'S', 'T', 'U', 'V', 'W', 'X',
'Y', 'Z', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f',
'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n',
'o', 'p', 'q', 'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'v',
'w', 'x', 'y', 'z', '0', '1', '2', '3',
'4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', '+', '/' };
static char *decoding_table = NULL;
static int mod_table[] = { 0, 2, 1 };
void build_decoding_table()
{
decoding_table = (char*)malloc(256);
for (int i = 0; i < 64; i++)
decoding_table[(unsigned char)encoding_table[i]] = i;
}
char* base64_encode(const unsigned char *data, size_t input_length, size_t *output_length)
{
*output_length = 4 * ((input_length + 2) / 3);
char *encoded_data = (char*)malloc(*output_length + 1);
if (encoded_data == NULL) return NULL;
memset(encoded_data, 0, *output_length + 1);
for (int i = 0, j = 0; i < input_length;) {
uint32_t octet_a = i < input_length ? (unsigned char)data[i++] : 0;
uint32_t octet_b = i < input_length ? (unsigned char)data[i++] : 0;
uint32_t octet_c = i < input_length ? (unsigned char)data[i++] : 0;
uint32_t triple = (octet_a << 0x10) + (octet_b << 0x08) + octet_c;
encoded_data[j++] = encoding_table[(triple >> 3 * 6) & 0x3F];
encoded_data[j++] = encoding_table[(triple >> 2 * 6) & 0x3F];
encoded_data[j++] = encoding_table[(triple >> 1 * 6) & 0x3F];
encoded_data[j++] = encoding_table[(triple >> 0 * 6) & 0x3F];
}
for (int i = 0; i < mod_table[input_length % 3]; i++)
encoded_data[*output_length - 1 - i] = '=';
return encoded_data;
}
unsigned char* base64_decode(const char *data, size_t input_length, size_t *output_length)
{
if (decoding_table == NULL) build_decoding_table();
if (input_length % 4 != 0) return NULL;
*output_length = input_length / 4 * 3;
if (data[input_length - 1] == '=') (*output_length)--;
if (data[input_length - 2] == '=') (*output_length)--;
unsigned char *decoded_data = (unsigned char*)malloc(*output_length);
if (decoded_data == NULL) return NULL;
memset(decoded_data, 0, *output_length);
for (int i = 0, j = 0; i < input_length;) {
uint32_t sextet_a = data[i] == '=' ? 0 & i++ : decoding_table[data[i++]];
uint32_t sextet_b = data[i] == '=' ? 0 & i++ : decoding_table[data[i++]];
uint32_t sextet_c = data[i] == '=' ? 0 & i++ : decoding_table[data[i++]];
uint32_t sextet_d = data[i] == '=' ? 0 & i++ : decoding_table[data[i++]];
uint32_t triple = (sextet_a << 3 * 6)
+ (sextet_b << 2 * 6)
+ (sextet_c << 1 * 6)
+ (sextet_d << 0 * 6);
if (j < *output_length) decoded_data[j++] = (triple >> 2 * 8) & 0xFF;
if (j < *output_length) decoded_data[j++] = (triple >> 1 * 8) & 0xFF;
if (j < *output_length) decoded_data[j++] = (triple >> 0 * 8) & 0xFF;
}
return decoded_data;
}
void base64_cleanup()
{
free(decoding_table);
}
} // namespace
2)、使用注意:
特别要注意的是:在编码前,我们应该将编码内容转换成通用的UTF8格式,解码出来的内容也要转换成自己的编码格式来显示,比如:unicode/ansi等格式。否则的话,对于中文内容,如果和其他语言进行中文内容的传输操作,比如java,它解码出来的内容会是乱码。
3)、编码转换函数,由于我本地是ANSI编码格式,所以下面给出ANSI与UTF8编码格式的相互转换函数,如果你本地使用的是UNICODE编码格式,就要用到UNICODE与UTF8之间的相互转换:
std::string ANSItoUTF8(const char * ansi)
{
int len = MultiByteToWideChar(CP_ACP, 0, ansi, -1, NULL, 0);
wchar_t* wstr = new wchar_t[len+1];
memset(wstr, 0, len+1);
MultiByteToWideChar(CP_ACP, 0, ansi, -1, wstr, len);
len = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, wstr, -1, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
char* str = new char[len+1];
memset(str, 0, len+1);
WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, wstr, -1, str, len, NULL, NULL);
if(wstr) delete[] wstr;
std::string ret = str;
if(str) delete[] str;
return ret;
}
std::string UTF8toANSI(const char* utf8)
{
int len = MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, utf8, -1, NULL, 0);
wchar_t* wstr = new wchar_t[len+1];
memset(wstr, 0, len+1);
MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, utf8, -1, wstr, len);
len = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, 0, wstr, -1, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
char* str = new char[len+1];
memset(str, 0, len+1);
WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, 0, wstr, -1, str, len, NULL, NULL);
if(wstr) delete[] wstr;
std::string ret = str;
if(str) delete[] str;
return ret;
}
4)、实例:
// base64Test.cpp : 定义控制台应用程序的入口点?
//
#include "stdafx.h"
#include <Windows.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
namespace {
static char encoding_table[] = {'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F', 'G', 'H',
'I', 'J', 'K', 'L', 'M', 'N', 'O', 'P',
'Q', 'R', 'S', 'T', 'U', 'V', 'W', 'X',
'Y', 'Z', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f',
'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n',
'o', 'p', 'q', 'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'v',
'w', 'x', 'y', 'z', '0', '1', '2', '3',
'4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', '+', '/' };
static char *decoding_table = NULL;
static int mod_table[] = { 0, 2, 1 };
void build_decoding_table()
{
decoding_table = (char*)malloc(256);
for (int i = 0; i < 64; i++)
decoding_table[(unsigned char)encoding_table[i]] = i;
}
char* base64_encode(const unsigned char *data, size_t input_length, size_t *output_length)
{
*output_length = 4 * ((input_length + 2) / 3);
char *encoded_data = (char*)malloc(*output_length);
if (encoded_data == NULL) return NULL;
for (int i = 0, j = 0; i < input_length;) {
uint32_t octet_a = i < input_length ? (unsigned char)data[i++] : 0;
uint32_t octet_b = i < input_length ? (unsigned char)data[i++] : 0;
uint32_t octet_c = i < input_length ? (unsigned char)data[i++] : 0;
uint32_t triple = (octet_a << 0x10) + (octet_b << 0x08) + octet_c;
encoded_data[j++] = encoding_table[(triple >> 3 * 6) & 0x3F];
encoded_data[j++] = encoding_table[(triple >> 2 * 6) & 0x3F];
encoded_data[j++] = encoding_table[(triple >> 1 * 6) & 0x3F];
encoded_data[j++] = encoding_table[(triple >> 0 * 6) & 0x3F];
}
for (int i = 0; i < mod_table[input_length % 3]; i++)
encoded_data[*output_length - 1 - i] = '=';
return encoded_data;
}
unsigned char* base64_decode(const char *data, size_t input_length, size_t *output_length)
{
if (decoding_table == NULL) build_decoding_table();
if (input_length % 4 != 0) return NULL;
*output_length = input_length / 4 * 3;
if (data[input_length - 1] == '=') (*output_length)--;
if (data[input_length - 2] == '=') (*output_length)--;
unsigned char *decoded_data = (unsigned char*)malloc(*output_length);
if (decoded_data == NULL) return NULL;
for (int i = 0, j = 0; i < input_length;) {
uint32_t sextet_a = data[i] == '=' ? 0 & i++ : decoding_table[data[i++]];
uint32_t sextet_b = data[i] == '=' ? 0 & i++ : decoding_table[data[i++]];
uint32_t sextet_c = data[i] == '=' ? 0 & i++ : decoding_table[data[i++]];
uint32_t sextet_d = data[i] == '=' ? 0 & i++ : decoding_table[data[i++]];
uint32_t triple = (sextet_a << 3 * 6)
+ (sextet_b << 2 * 6)
+ (sextet_c << 1 * 6)
+ (sextet_d << 0 * 6);
if (j < *output_length) decoded_data[j++] = (triple >> 2 * 8) & 0xFF;
if (j < *output_length) decoded_data[j++] = (triple >> 1 * 8) & 0xFF;
if (j < *output_length) decoded_data[j++] = (triple >> 0 * 8) & 0xFF;
}
return decoded_data;
}
void base64_cleanup()
{
free(decoding_table);
}
} // namespace
std::string ANSItoUTF8(const char * ansi)
{
int len = MultiByteToWideChar(CP_ACP, 0, ansi, -1, NULL, 0);
wchar_t* wstr = new wchar_t[len+1];
memset(wstr, 0, len+1);
MultiByteToWideChar(CP_ACP, 0, ansi, -1, wstr, len);
len = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, wstr, -1, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
char* str = new char[len+1];
memset(str, 0, len+1);
WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, wstr, -1, str, len, NULL, NULL);
if(wstr) delete[] wstr;
std::string ret = str;
if(str) delete[] str;
return ret;
}
std::string UTF8toANSI(const char* utf8)
{
int len = MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, utf8, -1, NULL, 0);
wchar_t* wstr = new wchar_t[len+1];
memset(wstr, 0, len+1);
MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, utf8, -1, wstr, len);
len = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, 0, wstr, -1, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
char* str = new char[len+1];
memset(str, 0, len+1);
WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, 0, wstr, -1, str, len, NULL, NULL);
if(wstr) delete[] wstr;
std::string ret = str;
if(str) delete[] str;
return ret;
}
int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
std::string strSrc = "我热爱C++语言";
string strUtf8 = ANSItoUTF8(strSrc.c_str());
fprintf(stdout, "str: %s\n", strSrc.c_str());
size_t output_length_encode = 0;
char* strEncode = base64_encode((const unsigned char*)strUtf8.c_str(), strUtf8.length(), &output_length_encode);
//打印编码结果
std::string tmpEncode(strEncode, output_length_encode);
fprintf(stdout, "encode result: %s\n", tmpEncode.c_str());
size_t output_length_decode = 0;
unsigned char* strDecode= base64_decode(strEncode, output_length_encode, &output_length_decode);
std::string tmpDecode((char*)strDecode, output_length_decode);
//打印解密结果
string strDecodeUtf8 = UTF8toANSI(tmpDecode.c_str());
fprintf(stdout, "str decode2: %s\n", strDecodeUtf8.c_str());
free(strEncode);
free(strDecode);
base64_cleanup();
system("pause");
return 0;
}
结果:
与在线的base64编码对照结果: