C++ 使用base64进行编码和解码

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已于 2022-08-03 21:46:13 修改

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分类专栏：加密解密文章标签： base64

于 2022-08-01 14:58:42 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/u012372584/article/details/126101074

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1、base64编码的作用：

base64编码的东西，任何人都可以解码，所以称之为加密和解密是不合适的，其作用是：便于数据再网络上的传输。举个简单的例子，你使用SMTP协议（Simple Mail Transfer Protocol 简单邮件传输协议）来发送邮件，因为这个协议是基于文本的协议，所以，如果邮件中包含一幅图片，我们知道图片的存储格式是二进制数据（binary data）而非文本格式，我们必须将二进制的数据编码成文本格式，这时候Base 64 Encoding就派上用场了。

2、C++实现的base64编码类及其使用方法：

1）、类：

#include "stdafx.h"
#include <Windows.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

namespace {

static char encoding_table[] = {'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F', 'G', 'H',
                'I', 'J', 'K', 'L', 'M', 'N', 'O', 'P',
                'Q', 'R', 'S', 'T', 'U', 'V', 'W', 'X',
                'Y', 'Z', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f',
                'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n',
                'o', 'p', 'q', 'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'v',
                'w', 'x', 'y', 'z', '0', '1', '2', '3',
                '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', '+', '/' };
static char *decoding_table = NULL;
static int mod_table[] = { 0, 2, 1 };

void build_decoding_table()
{
    decoding_table = (char*)malloc(256);
    for (int i = 0; i < 64; i++)
        decoding_table[(unsigned char)encoding_table[i]] = i;
}
char* base64_encode(const unsigned char *data, size_t input_length, size_t *output_length)
	{
		*output_length = 4 * ((input_length + 2) / 3);
		char *encoded_data = (char*)malloc(*output_length + 1);
		if (encoded_data == NULL) return NULL;
        memset(encoded_data, 0, *output_length + 1);
		for (int i = 0, j = 0; i < input_length;) {
			uint32_t octet_a = i < input_length ? (unsigned char)data[i++] : 0;
			uint32_t octet_b = i < input_length ? (unsigned char)data[i++] : 0;
			uint32_t octet_c = i < input_length ? (unsigned char)data[i++] : 0;
			uint32_t triple = (octet_a << 0x10) + (octet_b << 0x08) + octet_c;
			encoded_data[j++] = encoding_table[(triple >> 3 * 6) & 0x3F];
			encoded_data[j++] = encoding_table[(triple >> 2 * 6) & 0x3F];
			encoded_data[j++] = encoding_table[(triple >> 1 * 6) & 0x3F];
			encoded_data[j++] = encoding_table[(triple >> 0 * 6) & 0x3F];
		}
		for (int i = 0; i < mod_table[input_length % 3]; i++)
			encoded_data[*output_length - 1 - i] = '=';
		return encoded_data;
	}
unsigned char* base64_decode(const char *data, size_t input_length, size_t *output_length)
{
    if (decoding_table == NULL) build_decoding_table();
    if (input_length % 4 != 0) return NULL;
    *output_length = input_length / 4 * 3;
    if (data[input_length - 1] == '=') (*output_length)--;
    if (data[input_length - 2] == '=') (*output_length)--;
    unsigned char *decoded_data = (unsigned char*)malloc(*output_length);
    if (decoded_data == NULL) return NULL;
    memset(decoded_data, 0, *output_length);
    for (int i = 0, j = 0; i < input_length;) {
        uint32_t sextet_a = data[i] == '=' ? 0 & i++ : decoding_table[data[i++]];
        uint32_t sextet_b = data[i] == '=' ? 0 & i++ : decoding_table[data[i++]];
        uint32_t sextet_c = data[i] == '=' ? 0 & i++ : decoding_table[data[i++]];
        uint32_t sextet_d = data[i] == '=' ? 0 & i++ : decoding_table[data[i++]];
        uint32_t triple = (sextet_a << 3 * 6)
            + (sextet_b << 2 * 6)
            + (sextet_c << 1 * 6)
            + (sextet_d << 0 * 6);
        if (j < *output_length) decoded_data[j++] = (triple >> 2 * 8) & 0xFF;
        if (j < *output_length) decoded_data[j++] = (triple >> 1 * 8) & 0xFF;
        if (j < *output_length) decoded_data[j++] = (triple >> 0 * 8) & 0xFF;
    }
    return decoded_data;
}
void base64_cleanup()
{
    free(decoding_table);
}
} // namespace

2）、使用注意：

特别要注意的是：在编码前，我们应该将编码内容转换成通用的UTF8格式，解码出来的内容也要转换成自己的编码格式来显示，比如：unicode/ansi等格式。否则的话，对于中文内容，如果和其他语言进行中文内容的传输操作，比如java，它解码出来的内容会是乱码。

3）、编码转换函数，由于我本地是ANSI编码格式，所以下面给出ANSI与UTF8编码格式的相互转换函数，如果你本地使用的是UNICODE编码格式，就要用到UNICODE与UTF8之间的相互转换：

std::string ANSItoUTF8(const char * ansi)
{
	int len = MultiByteToWideChar(CP_ACP, 0, ansi, -1, NULL, 0);
	wchar_t* wstr = new wchar_t[len+1];
	memset(wstr, 0, len+1);
	MultiByteToWideChar(CP_ACP, 0, ansi, -1, wstr, len);
	len = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, wstr, -1, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
	char* str = new char[len+1];
	memset(str, 0, len+1);
	WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, wstr, -1, str, len, NULL, NULL);
	if(wstr) delete[] wstr;
	std::string ret = str;
	if(str) delete[] str;
	return ret;
}

std::string UTF8toANSI(const char* utf8)
{
	int len = MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, utf8, -1, NULL, 0);
	wchar_t* wstr = new wchar_t[len+1];
	memset(wstr, 0, len+1);
	MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, utf8, -1, wstr, len);
	len = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, 0, wstr, -1, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
	char* str = new char[len+1];
	memset(str, 0, len+1);
	WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, 0, wstr, -1, str, len, NULL, NULL);
	if(wstr) delete[] wstr;
	std::string ret = str;
	if(str) delete[] str;
	return ret;
}

4）、实例：

// base64Test.cpp : 定义控制台应用程序的入口点?
//

#include "stdafx.h"
#include <Windows.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

namespace {

static char encoding_table[] = {'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F', 'G', 'H',
                'I', 'J', 'K', 'L', 'M', 'N', 'O', 'P',
                'Q', 'R', 'S', 'T', 'U', 'V', 'W', 'X',
                'Y', 'Z', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f',
                'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n',
                'o', 'p', 'q', 'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'v',
                'w', 'x', 'y', 'z', '0', '1', '2', '3',
                '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', '+', '/' };
static char *decoding_table = NULL;
static int mod_table[] = { 0, 2, 1 };

void build_decoding_table()
{
    decoding_table = (char*)malloc(256);
    for (int i = 0; i < 64; i++)
        decoding_table[(unsigned char)encoding_table[i]] = i;
}
char* base64_encode(const unsigned char *data, size_t input_length, size_t *output_length)
{
    *output_length = 4 * ((input_length + 2) / 3);
    char *encoded_data = (char*)malloc(*output_length);
    if (encoded_data == NULL) return NULL;
    for (int i = 0, j = 0; i < input_length;) {
        uint32_t octet_a = i < input_length ? (unsigned char)data[i++] : 0;
        uint32_t octet_b = i < input_length ? (unsigned char)data[i++] : 0;
        uint32_t octet_c = i < input_length ? (unsigned char)data[i++] : 0;
        uint32_t triple = (octet_a << 0x10) + (octet_b << 0x08) + octet_c;
        encoded_data[j++] = encoding_table[(triple >> 3 * 6) & 0x3F];
        encoded_data[j++] = encoding_table[(triple >> 2 * 6) & 0x3F];
        encoded_data[j++] = encoding_table[(triple >> 1 * 6) & 0x3F];
        encoded_data[j++] = encoding_table[(triple >> 0 * 6) & 0x3F];
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < mod_table[input_length % 3]; i++)
        encoded_data[*output_length - 1 - i] = '=';
    return encoded_data;
}
unsigned char* base64_decode(const char *data, size_t input_length, size_t *output_length)
{
    if (decoding_table == NULL) build_decoding_table();
    if (input_length % 4 != 0) return NULL;
    *output_length = input_length / 4 * 3;
    if (data[input_length - 1] == '=') (*output_length)--;
    if (data[input_length - 2] == '=') (*output_length)--;
    unsigned char *decoded_data = (unsigned char*)malloc(*output_length);
    if (decoded_data == NULL) return NULL;
    for (int i = 0, j = 0; i < input_length;) {
        uint32_t sextet_a = data[i] == '=' ? 0 & i++ : decoding_table[data[i++]];
        uint32_t sextet_b = data[i] == '=' ? 0 & i++ : decoding_table[data[i++]];
        uint32_t sextet_c = data[i] == '=' ? 0 & i++ : decoding_table[data[i++]];
        uint32_t sextet_d = data[i] == '=' ? 0 & i++ : decoding_table[data[i++]];
        uint32_t triple = (sextet_a << 3 * 6)
            + (sextet_b << 2 * 6)
            + (sextet_c << 1 * 6)
            + (sextet_d << 0 * 6);
        if (j < *output_length) decoded_data[j++] = (triple >> 2 * 8) & 0xFF;
        if (j < *output_length) decoded_data[j++] = (triple >> 1 * 8) & 0xFF;
        if (j < *output_length) decoded_data[j++] = (triple >> 0 * 8) & 0xFF;
    }
    return decoded_data;
}
void base64_cleanup()
{
    free(decoding_table);
}
} // namespace


std::string ANSItoUTF8(const char * ansi)
{
	int len = MultiByteToWideChar(CP_ACP, 0, ansi, -1, NULL, 0);
	wchar_t* wstr = new wchar_t[len+1];
	memset(wstr, 0, len+1);
	MultiByteToWideChar(CP_ACP, 0, ansi, -1, wstr, len);
	len = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, wstr, -1, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
	char* str = new char[len+1];
	memset(str, 0, len+1);
	WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, wstr, -1, str, len, NULL, NULL);
	if(wstr) delete[] wstr;
	std::string ret = str;
	if(str) delete[] str;
	return ret;
}

std::string UTF8toANSI(const char* utf8)
{
	int len = MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, utf8, -1, NULL, 0);
	wchar_t* wstr = new wchar_t[len+1];
	memset(wstr, 0, len+1);
	MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, utf8, -1, wstr, len);
	len = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, 0, wstr, -1, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
	char* str = new char[len+1];
	memset(str, 0, len+1);
	WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, 0, wstr, -1, str, len, NULL, NULL);
	if(wstr) delete[] wstr;
	std::string ret = str;
	if(str) delete[] str;
	return ret;
}

int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
	std::string strSrc = "我热爱C++语言";
	string strUtf8 = ANSItoUTF8(strSrc.c_str());
	fprintf(stdout, "str: %s\n", strSrc.c_str());

	size_t output_length_encode = 0;
    char* strEncode = base64_encode((const unsigned char*)strUtf8.c_str(), strUtf8.length(), &output_length_encode);

	//打印编码结果
    std::string tmpEncode(strEncode, output_length_encode);
    fprintf(stdout, "encode result: %s\n", tmpEncode.c_str());

    size_t output_length_decode = 0;
    unsigned char* strDecode= base64_decode(strEncode, output_length_encode, &output_length_decode);
	std::string tmpDecode((char*)strDecode, output_length_decode);

	//打印解密结果
	string strDecodeUtf8 = UTF8toANSI(tmpDecode.c_str());
    fprintf(stdout, "str decode2: %s\n", strDecodeUtf8.c_str());

    free(strEncode);
    free(strDecode);
    base64_cleanup();


	system("pause");

	return 0;
}

结果：