[经典面试题][百度]数轴上从左到右有n各点a[0], a[1], ……,a[n -1]，给定一根长度为L的绳子，求绳子最多能覆盖其中的几个点。

最新推荐文章于 2022-07-07 11:46:43 发布

一枪尽骚丶魂

最新推荐文章于 2022-07-07 11:46:43 发布

阅读量1.1k

点赞数

分类专栏：面试

面试专栏收录该内容

25 篇文章 0 订阅

订阅专栏

题目

数轴上从左到右有n各点a[0], a[1], ……,a[n -1]，给定一根长度为L的绳子，求绳子最多能覆盖其中的几个点。

思路一

遍历所有区间跟绳子L比较。
i遍历区间起点，j遍历区间终点。
时间复杂度为O(n^2)

这里写图片描述

代码一

<code class=" hljs cpp" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; padding: 0.5em; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; display: block; background-color: transparent !important;">    <span class="hljs-comment" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">/*-------------------------------------
    *   日期：2015-02-08
    *   作者：SJF0115
    *   题目: 绳子覆盖
    *   来源：百度2014
    *   博客：
    ------------------------------------*/</span>
    <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(136, 0, 0);">#include <iostream></span>
    <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(136, 0, 0);">#include <vector></span>
    <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(136, 0, 0);">#include <cstring></span>
    <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(136, 0, 0);">#include <algorithm></span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">using</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">namespace</span> <span class="hljs-built_in" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">std</span>;

    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">class</span> Solution {
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">public</span>:
        <span class="hljs-comment" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">// points 给定点 L 绳子长度</span>
        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">int</span> RopeCover(<span class="hljs-stl_container" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-built_in" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">vector</span><<span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">int</span>></span> points,<span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">int</span> L) {
            <span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">int</span> size = points.size();
            <span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">if</span>(size <= <span class="hljs-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">0</span>){
                <span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">return</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">0</span>;
            }<span class="hljs-comment" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">//if</span>
            <span class="hljs-comment" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">// 所能覆盖的最多点数</span>
            <span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">int</span> max = <span class="hljs-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">0</span>;
            <span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">int</span> start = <span class="hljs-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">0</span>,end = <span class="hljs-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">0</span>;
            <span class="hljs-comment" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">// i起点 j终点 遍历所有区间;</span>
            <span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">for</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">int</span> i = <span class="hljs-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">0</span>;i < size-<span class="hljs-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">1</span>;++i){
                <span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">for</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">int</span> j = i+<span class="hljs-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">1</span>;j < size;++j){
                    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">if</span>(points[j] - points[i] <= L && j - i + <span class="hljs-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">1</span> > max){
                        max = j - i + <span class="hljs-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">1</span>;
                        start = i;
                        end = j;
                    }<span class="hljs-comment" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">//if</span>
                }
            }<span class="hljs-comment" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">//for</span>
            <span class="hljs-built_in" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">cout</span><<<span class="hljs-string" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(136, 0, 0);">"起点->"</span><<start<<<span class="hljs-string" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(136, 0, 0);">" 终点->"</span><<end<<endl;
            <span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">return</span> max;
        }
    };

    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">int</span> main(){
        Solution s;
        <span class="hljs-stl_container" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-built_in" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">vector</span><<span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">int</span>></span> points = {-<span class="hljs-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">1</span>,<span class="hljs-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">0</span>,<span class="hljs-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">3</span>,<span class="hljs-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">9</span>,<span class="hljs-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">11</span>,<span class="hljs-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">25</span>};
        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">int</span> L = <span class="hljs-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">15</span>;
        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">int</span> result = s.RopeCover(points,L);
        <span class="hljs-comment" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">// 输出</span>
        <span class="hljs-built_in" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">cout</span><<result<<endl;
        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">return</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">0</span>;
    }
</code>

思路二

两个指针,start，end。
如果points[front]-points[rear]<=L，头start向前移动一步。
如果points[front]-points[rear]>L，尾巴end向前移动一步。
每个数最多遍历2遍，因此时间复杂度为O(n)。
对于这个算法，某网友给了一个形象的比喻：
就好像一条长度为L的蛇。头伸不过去的话，就把尾巴缩过来最多只需要走一次，就知道能覆盖几个点

这里写图片描述

代码二

<code class=" hljs cpp" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; padding: 0.5em; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; display: block; background-color: transparent !important;">    <span class="hljs-comment" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">/*-------------------------------------
    *   日期：2015-02-08
    *   作者：SJF0115
    *   题目: 绳子覆盖
    *   来源：百度2014
    *   博客：
    ------------------------------------*/</span>
    <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(136, 0, 0);">#include <iostream></span>
    <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(136, 0, 0);">#include <vector></span>
    <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(136, 0, 0);">#include <cstring></span>
    <span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(136, 0, 0);">#include <algorithm></span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">using</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">namespace</span> <span class="hljs-built_in" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">std</span>;

    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">class</span> Solution {
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">public</span>:
        <span class="hljs-comment" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">// points 给定点 L 绳子长度</span>
        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">int</span> RopeCover(<span class="hljs-stl_container" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-built_in" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">vector</span><<span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">int</span>></span> points,<span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">int</span> L) {
            <span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">int</span> size = points.size();
            <span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">if</span>(size <= <span class="hljs-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">0</span>){
                <span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">return</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">0</span>;
            }<span class="hljs-comment" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">//if</span>
            <span class="hljs-comment" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">// 所能覆盖的最多点数</span>
            <span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">int</span> max = <span class="hljs-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">0</span>;
            <span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">int</span> start = <span class="hljs-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">1</span>,end = <span class="hljs-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">0</span>;
            <span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">int</span> maxS = <span class="hljs-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">0</span>,maxE = <span class="hljs-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">0</span>;
            <span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">while</span>(end < start){
                <span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">if</span>(points[start] - points[end] <= L){
                    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">if</span>(start - end + <span class="hljs-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">1</span> > max){
                        max = start - end + <span class="hljs-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">1</span>;
                        maxS = end;
                        maxE = start;
                    }<span class="hljs-comment" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">//if</span>
                    <span class="hljs-comment" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">// 头向前移动一格</span>
                    ++start;
                }<span class="hljs-comment" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">//if</span>
                <span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">else</span>{
                    <span class="hljs-comment" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">// 尾巴向前移动一格</span>
                    ++end;
                }
            }<span class="hljs-comment" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">//while</span>
            <span class="hljs-built_in" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">cout</span><<<span class="hljs-string" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(136, 0, 0);">"起点->"</span><<maxS<<<span class="hljs-string" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(136, 0, 0);">" 终点->"</span><<maxE<<endl;
            <span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">return</span> max;
        }
    };

    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">int</span> main(){
        Solution s;
        <span class="hljs-stl_container" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-built_in" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">vector</span><<span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">int</span>></span> points = {-<span class="hljs-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">1</span>,<span class="hljs-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">3</span>,<span class="hljs-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">4</span>,<span class="hljs-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">9</span>,<span class="hljs-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">11</span>,<span class="hljs-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">25</span>};
        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">int</span> L = <span class="hljs-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">8</span>;
        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">int</span> result = s.RopeCover(points,L);
        <span class="hljs-comment" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">// 输出</span>
        <span class="hljs-built_in" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">cout</span><<result<<endl;
        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">return</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">0</span>;
    }
</code>

如果本方法有什么问题，欢迎指正。如果有更好的方法，欢迎指导。